Impilo yengqondo yomntwana ayiyona nto ibaluleke ngaphezu kweyomzimba. Ngaphandle kwonyango olwaneleyo, nayiphi na ingxaki kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi kubantwana. Ngenxa yoko, iingxaki ze-psychogenic zinyamalalala naphi na, zihlala zisakhula kwaye zikhulile.
I-Neurosis - yintoni na?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokungahoywa esi sigqeba sezifo kukungabikho kokuqonda ubunzulu kunye nobunzulu. Kubalulekile ukuba abazali bafunde i-neurosis ngokukhawuleza-yintoni emachiza, ngenxa yeziphi izizathu kunye nendlela yokujongana nayo. Iingcali zichaze le ntlupheko njengesifo esibangelwa yimpendulo yomntu kwisifo sengqondo esiphuthumayo okanye esilula. Isifo asinakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba sibe neminyaka engama-3, sifumaneka kakhulu kwi-Early school abantwana nabaselula. Inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yabantwana abaselula abakuboni kakhulu ukuphendula kwabo.
I-neurosis - iintlobo kunye nezizathu
Eli qela le pathologies luchukunyiswa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokugula kwengqondo. Iintlobo ze-neurosis kubantwana:
- ukuphelisa;
- niselo;
- iipasiti ezidandathekileyo;
- neurasthenia;
- i-hypochondria;
- logoneurosis;
- somnambulism;
- i-anorexia.
I-neurosis yeemeko eziphazamisayo kubantwana
Olunye igama lolu hlobo lwesifo luyi-dispersive disorder (OCD). Iquka i-neurosis yeentshukumo eziphosakeleyo kubantwana, iingcamango ezixhalabileyo kunye neengcamango. Esi sifo sithathwa njenge-multitifactorial. Imiba emininzi inokukhupha iROC:
- imfuza;
- isifo (imasisi, i-mononucleosis, i-hepatitis);
- uxinzelelo lweengqondo;
- ukwesaba okungenangqiqo.
Impembelelo ekuphuhliseni i-syndrome yokunyamekela ihlala iphobias. Ekuqaleni umntwana akanakuphelisa iingcamango okanye iingcamango ezivalo (ixesha elide). Kancinci, ubuchopho bakhe buvumelana nabo, ukuphuhlisa indlela engaqhelekanga yokukhusela - izenzo ezithintekayo (ukunyanzeliswa). Umntwana kufuneka enze ezinye iinkqubo ezinyanzelekile ukwenzela ukuba ukwesaba kwakhe kungagqithanga, umzekelo, gxuma amaxesha amahlanu ngaphambi kokungena kwi-elevator okanye kwigumbi elimnyama, uhlambe izandla kathathu emva kokuthetha nomfokazi nabanye.
Kwiimeko ezininzi kunzima kwizigaba zokuqala ukukrokrela le ntsholongwane kubantwana - iimpawu zihlala zifihliwe ixesha elide, ingakumbi ukuba zikhona iingcamango ezingapheliyo ezigcinwe kuye. Izimpawu ezinokwenzeka:
- ukwesaba okungenangqiqo kunye nokwesaba;
- phobias;
- ukwenqaba ukhetho ukuvakashela ezinye iindawo, imicimbi, izenzo ezintle;
- ukunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo (ukukhenkcela, ukukhahlela, imilomo yokukhohlisa);
- ukuphosa (funda, funda okuthile, hlela ukutya ngombala);
- ukufaka izipikili;
- ukutsala, ukuhlamba iinwele;
- ukukhanda, ukulimala kesikhumba;
- phawula kunye nabanye.
I-hysterical neurosis kubantwana
Isizathu esibalulekileyo solu hlobo lwesifo sifumaneke iimpazamo kwimfundo. Iintsholongwane ze-hysterical zivame ukuxilongwa kwizingane zasesikolweni, ngamanye amaxesha zibonwa kwiintsholongwane. Ukuchithwa kwe-psyche kuqala ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yongquzulwano lwangaphakathi, xa izinga lokulindela okanye iimfuno zabanye liphezulu ngaphezu kobuchule bokwenene bomntwana. Eyona nto ixhomekeke kwiintsana zezilwanyana, ezithandwayo kwiintsapho (imfundo egocentric), zichithwa.
Ngasemncinci ubudala, i-hysteria ibonakala yintsholongwane yokuphefumula kubantwana-abachaphazelekayo-ukuphefumula. Bahlakulela kanye kunye nokukhala, okubangelwa ngumsindo, ukunganeliseki umntwana ngenxa yokunganeliseki kweminqweno yakhe, ukwenqaba ngokuthe ngqo. Ngokungafani nokulibaziseka ekuphefumla, umntwana ngokuzibophelela uphucula umphumo wokungabikho kwemvelo - uwela phantsi, ubhala ngokungcolileyo, ugqithise amehlo akhe. Kuba izenzo ezinjalo zibonakaliswa ngokungahambisani nokuziphatha. Ukuhlaselwa kungaphelela kwiiyure eziliqela, ukuba kukho "ababukeli". Abaselula balingisa ukuhlutha kwesisu nokuxhatshazwa.
Neurosissis
Ifomu echazwe yeso sifo kunzima kakhulu ngokuxilongwa. Kunjalo kunzima ukuqonda ngenxa yeengxaki zezinto ezinokuthi zihambelane nomfanekiso oqhelekileyo wokudandatheka. Izizathu zokukhubazeka naluphi na ukukhathazeka kwengqondo:
- ukwahlukana kwabathandekayo;
- ukufa komnye kwintsapho;
- ukwahlukana kwabazali;
- izikratshi phakathi kwezihlobo;
- Ukulahla ngokucacileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwontanga;
- iziphoso ngokubonakala;
- ukukhubazeka;
- nkedama;
- iimfuneko ezigqithisileyo zabazali;
- iimvakalelo ezingenakwenzeka;
- iingxaki zokuchongwa ngokwesini;
- ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye nokunye okunjalo.
Iintsholongwane ezixhalabisayo kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo abanalo imiqondiso ethile. Umfanekiso weklinikhi uxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana, umlingani, indawo, ubudlelwane beentsapho kunye nezinye iimpawu. Izimpawu ezinokwenzeka:
- ukulibala;
- ukungakhathaleli;
- ukuguquka kwemizwelo;
- umnqweno wokuhlala wedwa;
- ukucaphuka;
- kulala;
- intetho enokuthula;
- ukulila ;
- isibonakaliso sobuso obuninzi;
- umsindo;
- ukunyaniseka;
- ukuqonda;
- kucinga;
- uxhalaba ;
- ukuxhalaba kweemoto kunye nokuziphatha okufanayo.
Neurasthenia kubantwana
Ngokungafani neentlobo zangaphambili zesifo, eli fomu linokuthi lenzeke kumntwana omncinci, kwiminyaka eyi-1-2 ubudala. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezivusa le ntsholongwane - izizathu:
- ukuzalwa;
- ukungazinzi komama ngexesha lokukhulelwa;
- ukoyika;
- i sohlwayo;
- umtshato;
- kuhamba;
- ukuqala kokutyelela kwi-kindergarten okanye kwisikolo;
- ukufa kwintsapho;
- izimo zengcamango zoluhlu lwabafundisi nabazali;
- imeko imeko ekhaya kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo.
I-Neurasthenia ibonakalisa umfanekiso othile weklinikhi:
- izifo zokulala;
- ukucaphuka;
- ukuguquka kwemizwa rhoqo;
- ukulila;
- ukuqhaqhazela komsindo, ukuguquka;
- ukungabi nako;
- intloko;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- ukungonakaliswa kwamandla okusebenza;
- iingxaki zemisebenzi yengqondo.
Hypochondria kubantwana
Uhlobo lwangoku lwesifo luyakwazi ukuthintela kwiintsana ezinokunyamekela, zikhokelela kugqirha ngeengxaki ezincinci. Kukho ezinye izimbangela ze-neuroses kubantwana abaneempawu ze-hypochondria:
- ukukhathazeka kwengqondo;
- isifo esibi kakhulu kwelinye lamalungu entsapho;
- ukufa kwesinye isihlobo esithile kwisifo;
- phobias;
- izifo ezibi kakhulu ezibangelwa ngumntwana ngaphambili;
- ukuvinjelwa ekubonakaleni kobuthathaka ("Amadoda ayalili");
- imfundo ngokusongelwa.
Iingxaki ezinjalo kubantwana zibonakalisa iimpawu ze-atypical zikhumbuza ezinye izifo zengqondo:
- uvuyo oluqhubekayo;
- utywala kunye nesicathulo;
- ukoyika okungenangqiqo;
- izimo zangaphambili;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ngamanye amaxesha ukuthuthumela kwezandla;
- ihlazo;
- ukukhanyela ukubamba, ukumbamba, ukuxhaphaza kunye nokuthintela;
- ukwahlula ezizimeleyo kuluntu;
- ukuvalwa;
- iintshukumo ezithintekayo ezinxulumene nococeko (ukuhlamba izandla, usebenzisa i-handkerchief) kunye nabanye.
Logoneurosis kubantwana
I-pathology esicatshulwayo isaziwa ngokuba yi-stuttering, inezizathu ezibini kuphela ezibalulekileyo. I-Logoneurosis yiphumo lobuncwane obunobuncwane kwiintetho zokuthetha okanye ngenxa yokoyika kakhulu. Ukubetheka kukuphulaphula ngokukrakra kwe-softness kunye nesingqungquthela yentetho ngenxa yokuxinwa kwemisipha yentetho. Ngamanye amaxesha ihamba kunye neempawu ezihambelana nomzimba - i-facial tic, i-priptoptivaniem, iminwe ye-snapping kunye nezenzo ezifanayo.
Somnambulism kubantwana
Abantwana abaninzi banesifo sokulala , ngokuphindaphindiweyo izifo zofuzo ziyichukumisa. Iingxaki ze-Somnambulistic kubantwana zenzeke ngenxa yezizathu ezithile:
- ukunyamekela kwengqondo;
- ukukhathazeka kwengqondo;
- ukulimala kwe-craniocebral;
- ukuhluthwa ;
- nophuhliso lobuchopho;
- encephalopathy;
- iingxabano kwintsapho;
- neuroinfections;
- utywala kunye nezinto ezinjalo.
Ukufumanisa ukulala kwindlela elula ngayo iziganeko eziqhelekileyo-ukuhamba, ukuthetha, ukwenza imisebenzi esebenzayo kwiphupha. Ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki zeengxaki kubantwana kubungozi, i-somnambulism ivame ukukhokelela ekwenzeni ukulimala, ngamanye amaxesha isiphumo esibulalayo (ukuwa ngaphandle kwefestile, ukubethelwa kwithempeli). Ngenxa yesifo esiqhubekayo, umntwana angakwazi ukuziphatha ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifanelekileyo, abonakalise abantu abakujikelezile.
I-Anorexia nervosa kubantwana
Isizathu esona sizathu sokwenqaba okupheleleyo kokutya ngumnqweno wokwehlisa isisindo, ngoko kuchazwa ukuba isifo sinokuchaphazela amantombazana asetsheni. Kwezinye iimeko, i-anorexia ihambelana nezinye iingxaki zengqondo-ukuxinezeleka, i-hypochondria, i-hysteria. Iimpawu ze-neurosis kubantwana zibandakanya iingxaki zomzimba kunye nokuziphatha:
- isikhumba esomileyo;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- ukwesaba ukunyanya;
- imbono ephosakeleyo yobunzima bomzimba wakhe;
- iimvakalelo zokungaphantsi;
- ukulahlekelwa kweenwele;
- ukuqothulwa;
- ukupheliswa kwamanzi;
- ukukhathala;
- i-jaundice;
- intlungu yesisu;
- ukukhanyela indlala;
- ukuhanjiswa kwamantombazana;
- ukunyamezela okubandayo;
- ukungakhathaleli;
- izipikili eziphazamisayo kunye nabanye.
Unyango lwezonyango kubantwana
Kuyimfuneko ukulwa neengxaki zokuhlola ngokuncediswa noogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo. Indlela ephambili yokonyango ingqondo yengqondo kunye neuroses. Yenziwa ngabanye, kwisangqa seentsapho kunye namaqela anezinye izigulane. Ugqirha ukhetha iindlela zonyango ngamnye kumntwana ngamnye. Ukulungiselela kunye neuroses kubantwana kubaluleke kakhulu. Njengomthetho, izilwanyana zityalo, ii-vitamin complexes, kunye namayeza asetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi kwingqondo. Ukukhethwa kweziyobisi kuphela ugqirha, awukwazi ukunika umntwana zakho iziyobisi.
I-Prophylaxis ye-neuroses kubantwana
Amanyathelo okukhusela ayifuni ukuthatha nayiphina imithi. Ukukhusela iintsholongwane kubantwana abancinci kunye nokuyeka ukuqhubeka kwabo phambili kukunceda ukulungelelanisa ulawulo lwaloo mini, ukudala isimo sengqondo esichulumancisayo kwintsapho, umzali ofanelekileyo kunye nomzali wokwenene. Ukuba umntwana ulungelelaniso lweengxaki zengqondo, kuyimfuneko ukhethe i-psychologist enhle kunye nezinto ezithandayo. Ukuphumelela kuya kuba ngumdlalo kunye nobugcisa bezobuchopho be-neuroses, ukutyelela kumaqela aabantwana abakhethiweyo, iiseshoni kunye nezilwanyana.