Iingcamango zengqiqo egoism ayifani kakuhle nombono woluntu. Kwaye kwangexesha elide kwakukholelwa ukuba umntu kufuneka abeke iminqweno yoluntu ngaphezu kobuqu. Abo bazange bahambisane nale miqathango, bavakalisa ukuzingca baze bathengise ukugxekwa ngokubanzi. I-Psychology ithi inxalenye efanelekileyo yokuzingca kufuneka ibe khona kuwo wonke umntu.
Yiyiphi ingqiqo?
Ingcamango ye-egoism enengqiqo yaba yinto yokufundwa kungekhona kuphela ngabafundi beengqondo, kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngabafilosofi, kunye nekhulu le-17 leminyaka, kwi-Age of Light, inkolelo ye-egoism engqiqweni yagqitywa ngekhulu le-19. Ngaloo nto, ukuqonda okungenangqiqo kuyimeko yokuziphatha kunye nefilosofi ekhuthaza nje ukukhetha izinto ezithandwa ngabanye kunabo bonke, oko kukuthi, yintoni eye yagwetywa ixesha elide. Ingaba le ngcamango ingena kunye nezikhundla zobomi boluntu, kwaye kuya kuqondwa.
Yiyiphi inkolelo yokuzikhethela?
Imvelaphi yale mbono iwela ngexesha lokuzalwa kobudlelwane be-capitalist eYurophu. Ngeli xesha, le ngcamango yenziwa ukuba wonke umntu unelungelo lokukhululeka okungenamkhawulo. Kwimimandla yezoshishino, uba ngumnini wabasebenzi bakhe kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane noluntu oluya kuhokelwa yimibono neembono zakhe, kubandakanywa nemali. Ingcamango ye-egoism engqiqweni, eyenziwe ngabakhanyisi, iqinisekisa ukuba isimo esinjalo sihambelana nomntu womntu into eyona nto eyona nto yintando yedwa kunye nenkxalabo yokuzimela.
Iimpawu zokuziphatha ezifanelekileyo
Ekudaleni inkolelo, ababhali balo baqaphele ukuba imbono eyenziwe ngabo ihambelana nemibono yabo yokuziphatha kunye nefilosofi ngale ngxaki. Oku kwakubaluleke kakhulu kuba ukudibanisa "ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo" kwakungeke kulungele inxalenye yesibini yokuqulunqa, kuba ngokucacileyo umntu onokuzimela wayebhekisele kumntu ocinga yena kuphela kwaye engakhathalele imfuno yoluntu kunye noluntu.
Ngokombono we "ooyise" kwimbono, le ntetho ekhangayo kwilizwi, ehlala egqoke ingcamango engalunganga, kufuneka igxininise ukubaluleka, ukuba kungeyona nto ephambili kwizinto ezizimeleyo, ngoko ke, ubuncinane be-equilibrium yabo. Kamva eli qulunqo, eliguqulelwe ukuqonda "kwansuku zonke", laqala ukumisela umntu ohambelana neemfuno zakhe kuluntu, ngaphandle kokungqubana naye.
Umgaqo wobungqiqo obunengqiqo kwintsebenziswano
Kuyaziwa ukuba unxibelelwano lwezoshishino lwakhiwe ngokwemithetho yalo, luchazwe ngamalungelo okanye kwiinkampani. Ilungiselela isisombululo esinenzuzo kwimibandela evumela ukuba ufumane inzuzo enkulu kwaye usebenzise ubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye namaqabane abalulekileyo kunamashishini. Ukunxibelelana okunjalo kunemigangatho nemigangatho yayo yokuziphatha , apho uluntu lwentlangano luqulunqa kwaye lucwangcisa ezintlanu eziphambili:
- ukuzithoba;
- egoism efanelekileyo;
- ukuqikelelwa kwezenzo;
- ukungafani kwimo;
- ku fa neleka.
Ngokuhambelana nombuzo ophantsi kokucatshungulwa, umgaqo wokuba ugobongela olufanelekileyo unomdla. Ibonisa isimo sengqondo sokuhlonela umlingani kunye nengcamango yakhe, ngelixa libala ngokucacileyo kwaye limela iminqweno yabo (okanye iqumrhu). Umgaqo ofanayo unokusebenza kwindawo yomsebenzi kwanoma yimuphi umqeshwa: yenza into yakho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa abanye ukuba wenze ngokwakho.
Imizekelo yokuzingca
Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuziphatha "kweengqiqo ezinengqiqo" akusoloko kwamukelwa, kwaye ngokusoloko ivakaliswa nje kuphela. Kulo lonke uluntu, ukuphika eso sicelo kuthathwa njengento engcolileyo, kwaye ukususela ebuntwaneni, ityala lomntu oye wavuma ukuba "inkululeko" enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhanyela ngokwaneleyo kunokuba ngumzekelo omhle wokuziphatha okuchanekileyo, okungeke kube yinto engafanelekanga ukufunda. Nazi ezinye zeempawu zengqiqo ebomini.
- Kufuneka ukuba usebenze ngakumbi . Umphathi ugxininisa ukuba uhlale enkonzweni namhlanje ukugqiba umsebenzi ongenziwanga nguwe, kwaye akukho ntlawulo. Unokuvuma, ukukhansela izicwangciso kunye nobudlelwane obubhubisayo kunye nezihlobo, kodwa ukuba usebenzise umgaqo wokuba u-egoism, ukuba unqobe uvakalelo lokwesaba nokungakhathali, uchazela ngokucacileyo umphathi ukuba akukho ndlela yokutshintsha (ukukhansela) izicwangciso zakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingcaciso zakho ziya kuqondwa kwaye zamukelwe.
- Umfazi udinga imali enye ingubo entsha. Kwezinye iintsapho, kuye kwaba yinto yokuba iqabane lifuna imali ukuthenga ingubo entsha, nangona ikhefu ligqitywa ngempahla. Iimfuno azivunyelwanga ngokwamacandelo. Uqala ukugxeka umyeni wakhe ngenxa yokunyaniseka, ukungabi nthando, ukugqabhuka kwezinyembezi, enyanisweni, ukunyelisa umyeni wakhe. Unako ukunikela, kodwa ngaba lo mthando, ukubulela kwisahlulo sakhe, uyongezwa?
- Umhlobo omdala ucela kwakhona imali . Uthembisa ukubuyela ngeveki, nangona eyaziwa ukuba akayi kubanika ngaphaya kweenyanga ezintandathu. Ukunciphisa kuyinto engathintekiyo, kodwa ngale ndlela ungamnciphisa umntwana wakho uhambo oluthenjisiweyo kwiziko labantwana. Yintoni ebaluleke ngakumbi? Ungabi neentloni okanye "ufundise" umhlobo - akunakuncedo, kodwa uchaze ukuba awukwazi ukushiya umntwana ngaphandle kokuphumla, ngakumbi ekubeni ulindele ixesha elide lohambo.
Kungcono ukuchazela umfazi ukuba imali ibeke eceleni ukuze kuthengwe i-injini entsha kwimoto apho umlingane amthatha ukuba asebenze imihla ngemihla kwaye ekuthengeni akuxhomekanga nje kuphela umsebenzi omhle weemoto, kodwa kunye nempilo kunye nobomi beebhasi. Kule meko, iinyembezi, ukukhala kunye nosongelo lokuya kumama ukuba zihlawule ingqalelo. Ukuzicingela kufuneka kuphumelele kule meko.
Imizekelo ingentla ichaza izikhundla ezimbini zobudlelwane obudinga ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ulwalamano phakathi kwabantu lusekelwe kukuphakama kokufuna okanye ukuncenga kunye nokungaxakeki imeko yomntu oceliwe. Nangona le ngcamango ikhona iminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi mabini, i-egoism ecacileyo isenzima ukuzinza kwimiphakathi, kungenxa yoko iimeko eziqhelekileyo zi:
- umntu ofuna into, ugxininisa, afune, ama-blackmails, ukukhala, ukugxekwa kokuhaha;
- lowo udibana nayo, ulungelelweyo, uchaza, uva amazwi angamnandi kwidilesi yakhe, aziva enetyala.
Ukucingela nokuqiqa
Emva kokuba i-egoism ecacileyo yashicilelwe, ingcamango yokuba "ukuzingca" yaqala ukuqwalaselwa ngeenguqulelo ezimbini: ingqiqo kwaye ingenangqiqo. Iyokuqala yayiqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kwingcamango yeZiko lokukhanyisa, kwaye oku kulwaziwa ngokubanzi kumava obomi. Ngamnye wabo uhlala kwindawo yoluntu, nangona ukubunjwa kwe-egoism kunokwenza okungcono kakhulu kuluntu lonke, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kubantu ngabanye. Ukuzingca okungaqondakaliyo kuyaqondakala kwaye kwamukelwa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kule meko, idlalwa kwaye iyalinywa ngokukodwa, ngokukodwa ngabazali abanothando, oogogo kunye noomkhulu.