Umkhuhlane we-intestinal, owaziwa nangokuthi "isisu" kubantu abaqhelekileyo, sisifo esichengelayo. Ichaphazela kubantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Ezi zihlandlo zihlala zizigula ngendlela elula. Esi sifo sihamba kunye neempawu ezibonakalisiweyo. Ukuba zifunyenwe, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza: oku kuya kukhawuleza inkqubo yokubuyisela.
Yintoni umkhuhlane wamathumbu?
Esi sifo sesifo sentsholongwane sijongwa kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo baninzi abagulayo abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, kwaye kwiqela elinobuncipheko okwandayo ngabantwana abasondeza ngokusesikweni. Ngokwezibalo, uneminyaka eyi-17, abantu abangama-90% egazini baneengqungquthela kwiinjini zamagciwane e-intestinal. Le nyaniso ibonisa ukuba bonke babesifo eso sifo.
Ingozi kakhulu i-rotavirus yomkhuhlane wamathumbu kumaqela anabantu:
- abo bathatha i-glucocorticoids okanye iziyobisi ze-cytotoxic;
- izigulane;
- Abane-HIV;
- amabhinqa ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa;
- abantu abaza kufakwa kuwo amalungu angaphakathi;
- abantu abaneengxaki ze-somatic.
Ukongezelela, isisu somfuba sisifo esivame ukuhlaselwa ngabahambi. Ngenxa yokuguqulwa okubukhali kwindawo yezulu kunye nokutshintsha kwindlela yokutya engaqhelekanga, izifo zokuzivikela komzimba. Ngenxa yoko, ii-pathogens ziphazamisekile ukuvelisa emathumbu. Esi sifo sithinteka kubantu asebekhulile, kuba kule minyaka, kwandisa i-immunodeficiency, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ihlakulele izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Umkhuhlane we-intestinal yi-agent agent
Esi sifo sishukunyiswa ngama-agent aphuhliswayo ngokukodwa kwiiseli ze-epithelium yendlela yokugaya. Kwi-90% yamatyala, umkhuhlane we-intestinal ubangelwa yi-rotavirus. Kwakuqala kutholakala kuma-70s ekhulwini lokugqibela kwiiseli ze-epithelium yabantwana, abafa ngenxa ye-gastroenteritis. I-virion yesifo sifana nesimo sesondo. Ngaphakathi kukho i-molecule ye-RNA equlethe ulwazi. Ngaphandle, i-virion ihlanganiswe ngengubo yamaprotheni emininzi kunye nama-receptors. Ngokuncedwa kwezi ntsholongwane zibophelele kwiiseli ze-epithelium ye-oropharynx kunye namathumbu. Emva koko bangena egazini.
Kwi-10% ekhoyo yamatyala, isifo somkhuhlane singashukunyiswa yi-virus kunye neebhaktheriya:
- salmonella ;
- adenovirus;
- shigella;
- norovirus;
- E. coli ;
- calicivirus.
Umkhuhlane wamathumbu uhanjiswa njani?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusuleleka. Nantsi indlela i-rotavirus idluliselwa kuyo:
- ngezandla ezingcolileyo;
- kunye nokutya kunye namanzi angcolileyo (intsholongwane ayifuni nakwiqondo eliphantsi);
- ngamaconsi amathe;
- kunye namagqabi.
Intsholongwane imelana ne-acids, ngoko ifikelele kwi-duodenum. Injongo ephambili yalo mzimba wendlela yokugaya ukutya kukutya kokunyanga kwe-enzymatic nokuxutywa kweengqungquthela ezincinci kwigazi. Umgangatho wangaphakathi wamathumbu uhlanganiswe ne-villi kunye ne-enterocytes. Ukufakela ngaphakathi kweli seli ngaphakathi, intsholongwane ilahla imvulophu yayo. Emva koko, uthumele ulwazi oluzuze ilifa (RNA) kwingundoqo yeli "cell". Ngenxa yoko, oku kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwazo zonke iinkqubo eziqhubekayo, nakwixesha elizayo-ukugqithwa kwembombo kunye nokufa kwe-enterocyte.
Kwimeko efanayo, ukusuleleka nokufa kwamaseli angumakhelwane kwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, ukutya okungena emathunjini kuyayeka ukugaya ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, kweli candelo lendlela yokugaya inyama, i-disaccharides iqokelele, ityelele i-salts namanzi. Yonke le mxube isuswe emzimbeni, okubangelwa kukungcoliswa kwamanzi: umntu uvakalelwa ukuphazamiseka.
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa komkhuhlane
Eli thuba lihlala kwixesha apho i-arhente engena emzimbeni ekubonakalisweni kweempawu zokuqala zesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa lixesha elide. Ixesha le-Rotavirus incubation lifutshane: kaninzi luhlala ixesha eli-24 ukuya ku-24. Emva koko, kufike isigaba esibucayi, ubude bokuba buhluka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Isigaba sokubuyisela siphelela iintsuku ezi-4-5.
Ingakanani umkhuhlane wamathumbu?
Esi sifo sentsholongwane sithathwa njengesifo esithintekayo. Amagcisa anqabile kakhulu kummandla wangaphandle, othoba imeko. I-disinfectant ye-ethanol isisombululo se-ethanol. Ukongeza, ii-agent zibhubha ngexesha lokubilisa. Nantsi ingakanani i-rotavirus echaphazelayo (ukuba kungenjalo ukuphumeza unyango lwe-disinfecting treatment):
- elukhumbeni lwezandla - malunga neeyure ezingama-4;
- kwimeko yangaphandle (kumathoyizi, izinto zasekhaya, emoyeni) - iiveki 2-3.
Izimpawu zentsholongwane
Umfanekiso weklinikhi unokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwisigaba sesifo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu ze-rotavirus zilandelayo:
- ubushushu bomzimba ngaphezu kwe-38 °, ehamba kunye ne-chills kunye nomkhuhlane;
- intloko;
- ukulahleka kwesidlo;
- intlungu yesisu;
- ukuhlanza;
- kumnyama komchamo;
- isifo sohudo (ukuya kumaxesha angama-20 ngosuku);
- ukucaciswa kweemfesi, i-streaks yegazi inokuba khona kuyo;
- Ukutshutshiswa emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela;
- intlungu xa uginya.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva koko imeko iya kuqhubeka. Ngelo xesha wongezelela iimpawu ezifana ne-rotavirus:
- uxinzelelo luhla;
- ulusu luba lubala;
- ukwehla okubonakalayo kwinqununu yomzimba kubonwa;
- ukunganyamezeli kwe-lactose.
I-Rotavirus
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane wamathumbu ziqala ukubonakala, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nodokotela ngokukhawuleza (ingakumbi ukuba umntwana uyagula, ukhulelwe okanye umntu ojongene nokukhulelwa komzimba). Okokuqala, ugqirha uya kuhlolisisa isigulane, kwaye ngoko uya kucebisa kuye ukuba enze uvavanyo lwe-rotavirus, apho izinto ezifundwayo ziyimfesi. Isiphumo esiphumeleleyo esifumanekileyo sibonisa ukuba ukuxilongwa kwaqinisekiswa. Njengoko uviwo olongezelelweyo, ugqirha unokuncoma ukuba athathe iimvavanyo:
- igazi - ukuba isiguli sinomkhuhlane wamathumbu emathumbu, iziphumo ziza kubonisa umxholo okwandisiweyo we-leukocytes;
- umchamo - unokufumaneka kwiprotheni, i-hyaline cylinders, i-erythrocyte kunye ne-leukocytes.
Rotavirus - unyango
Unyango kwizigulane ezinezifo zibonakalisa uphawu. Okwangoku, akukho nkunkuma elwa ngokuthe ngqo nale ntsho longwane. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha unika imishanguzo, ingqalelo imeko jikelele yesigulane. Uyazi indlela yokuphatha i-rotavirus, ukwenzela ukuba eso sifo siphumelele ngokukhawuleza, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ngokuqinisekileyo iziphakamiso zayo. Ulwaphulo lwesi sifo lufanele lube lubanzi. Iquka izikhokelo ezinjalo:
- ukwahlukana kwesigulane kunye nokubonelelwa kokuphumla kombhede;
- Ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi-electrolyte balance;
- ukupheliswa kokuxiliswa;
- kuqinisa u khuselo ;
- zokutya;
- ukupheliswa kwesibindi.
Amachiza omkhuhlane wamathumbu emathumbu
Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwimeko nganye kuyahluka, kuba kuxhomekeke ngqo kwiinkalo zesi sifo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwe-intestinal lugwenywe, ugqirha ugqithisela nesigulana ukufumana uviwo olongezelelweyo. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha lonyango elimiselweyo lonyango:
- izilwanyana (i-Enterosgel, i-Smecta, i-carbon-activated);
- amalungiselelo enkqubo ye-probiotic (i-Hilak Forte, i-Bifiform, i-Bifidumbacterin Forte);
- i-enzymes yokutya (iPancreatin, Creon);
- izisombululo ze-electrolytes ( Regidron , Trisol, Lactasol);
- i-antipyretics (i-Nurofen, ilandelayo), kodwa ukuba i-rotavirus engenakho ukufudumala kwezidakamizwa azichazwe;
- iziyobisi ezithintekayo (iSinekod, iBromheksin, iBronholitin);
- i-antispasmodics (Akukho-spa, Spasmalgon);
- i-immunostimulants (Cycloferon, Kagocel, Cytovir).
Rotavirus - ukutya
Ukuze isi sifo siphumelele ngokukhawuleza, isigulane kufuneka siyidle ngokufanelekileyo. Ukususela ekudleni okufuneka ukhiphe ngaphandle kokutya okunjalo:
- ubisi kunye nemveliso yobisi;
- iilekese;
- umgubo;
- inyama kunye nenhlanzi;
- iimveliso zokutshaya;
- ukutya okuthosiweyo;
- Pickles;
- utywala;
- ukutya okukhawulezayo;
- izitya ezivumba.
Ukutya kwintsholongwane yamathumbu kubonisa ukuba khona ekudleni kokutya okunjalo:
- imifuno ehlambulukileyo;
- ii porridges abilisiwe ngamanzi (buckwheat, ilayisi);
- i cookies;
- umhluzi ophantsi;
- kupheka iipulo;
- ibhanana;
- iziqhekeza
- inyama ebilisiwe kunye neentlanzi ezincinci.
Ukutya kufuneka kube yincinci. Ixesha eliphakanyisiweyo lokutya lokutya liphindwe ngamaxesha angama-6 ukuya kwe-8 ngemini kunye nakwiincinci ezincinci. Kufuneka uphuze ubuncinane ezimbini iilitha zamanzi ngosuku. Ukwenza oku, itiye emnyama emnandi (ayinamandla), ukumnika i-raspberry, i-dogrose okanye i-currant ifanelekile. Ukongezelela, i-oats kunye neengcewa zelayisi zilungile kulo mzekelo: zizityebi kwi-starch, ngoko zivaliwe iindonga zesisu kwaye zikhusele umonakalo.
Ukuthintela umkhuhlane wamathumbu
Nasiphi na isifo kulula ukukhusela kunokunyanga. Kuyafana kunjalo nangomkhuhlane wamathumbu emathumbu. Enye yezinto ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela isitofu sokukhusela i-rotavirus. Kukho ezinye iindlela ezijoliswe ekuthintela ukuthintela:
- ukwahlukana komntu ogulayo;
- ukusela kuphela amanzi amgangatho;
- Ukutya kufuneka kulungiswe kwimveliso emitsha, ukuxhomekeke ekunyangeni okwaneleyo;
- ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo (emva kwesitalato, indlu yangasese, indawo kawonkewonke, ngaphambi kokutya nokunye);
- Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise imifuno emitsha yongcolise imizuzu eyi-10 kwisisombululo seviniga ye-3%, uze ususe ngamanzi ahlambulukileyo;
- yokucoca rhoqo emanzini egumbini;
- meleza u khuselo;
- ukuyeka imikhwa emibi;
- ukuthintela i-rotavirus kwintsapho apho kukho umkhuhlane wamathumbu emzimbeni, iqulethe ukungafihlisi kakuhle izinto zoluntu.