Kwiipakethi zeepakethi namhlanje ungabona imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo eyoyikisayo, ethembisa abantu abaxhomekeke kwi-nicotine abanethemba elingenasiphelo ngempilo. Abaninzi ababhemayo abazange baphendule kwimifanekiso enjalo, okanye ukucebisa oogqirha, ukukholelwa okanye ukuzithethelela ukuba umonakalo wokutshaya ugxininisa kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuchasene neenkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha ongenakuziphanga: unyaka ngamnye kwihlabathi abantu abayizigidi ezi-5 bafa, kwaye bengenalo ixesha lokushiya le mkhuba eyingozi .
Ziyingozi ekutshaya umsila
Umonakalo wokutshaya awuyiyo inkolelo kunye noogqirha obungenanto oogqirha. Ukuvavanya ngokunyanisekileyo ubunzulu bala mazwi, kuya kubakho ukufumanisa ukuba i-cigarette enye iqukethe izinto ezingcolileyo ezingaphezu kwe-4 000, phakathi kwazo ezi-3 ezibulalayo:
- gesi ezinobuthi;
- nicotine;
- resin.
Umphumo wokutshaya emzimbeni womntu
Ukubhema kuyonakalisa impilo - yinyaniso! Kodwa bambalwa bayazi oko kwenzekayo kanye ngexesha loxinzelelo lwe-nicotine emzimbeni:
- Ngexesha lokumisa, i-nicotine, izinto ezinobuthi kunye neetyhefu, iimveliso ezinokutsha njenge-soot, i-soot kunye ne-gesi zingene kwaye zichaphazele zonke iziko zenkqubo yokuphefumula.
- Unyaka kwi-alveoli yemiphunga, malunga ne-1 kg yeziqhekeza ezinobuthi.
- Kukho umthwalo omkhulu entliziyweni nasemifuleni yegazi.
- I-Skin, skeleton, isibindi kunye nendlela yokutya ifumana kakubi kakhulu ukutshaya.
- Ngenxalenye yesimiso se-nervous, umlutha we-nicotine uyaphawulwa, ngokufana ne-narcotic.
- Indlela yokuphunga kuyo yonke impilo yokutshaya yindlela yokungaqhubi ukuvuvukala, okubangela ukuba uphuhliso lwe-oncology, i-patonology ye-bronchial kunye nokukhwehlela okungapheliyo, njengendlela yokukhusela yomzimba kwizinto ezinobuthi.
- Iicigarettes ziyanciphisa kakhulu ukukhuselwa komzimba, zenza umzimba ungazinzi kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane kunye nokuba nefuthe elibi kwimisebenzi yengqondo.
Ukutshaya rhoqo kuphazamisa umsebenzi wazo zonke iinkqubo kunye namalungu. Kodwa inkohlakalo yokubhema kwabasetyhini, ingakumbi i-nulliparous okanye ikhulelwe, iyakwandisa amaxesha amaninzi kwaye ayiqhubeleki kuphela kumama ozayo, kodwa nakwintsana, nangona ingaba isesiswini, kwaye umntwana usuke ehamba kuphela kwizicwangciso zekamva. Yintoni umama "wokutshaya" alindele:
- ubunzima obaneleyo bomntwana ekuzalweni;
- izinga lokuzalwa eliphezulu;
- ukuguqulwa kokuqala komntwana;
- zentsholongwane;
- ukukhulelwa kwamathambo nokukhulelwa okunzima ;
- phuculwa ko phuhliso lwa bantwana.
Umphumo wokutshaya kwinkqubo yenzwa
Inkqubo yeentlanzi iyona nxu lumano kwaye lukhuni emzimbeni wethu. Ukukhankanya ngeengozi zokutshaya, okokuqala, impembelelo yengqumbo kwiNdibano yesiZwe kufuneka ithathwa njengengozi. Umlutha ngenye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokubhema. Ababhemayo abathandayo, xa baxininiswe, baziva ngamandla, amandla okwenza umsebenzi wengqondo, ukunyaniseka nokugxininiswa kwengqalelo. Oku kungokwemilinganiselo ethile, ngenxa yokuba i-nicotine, njengesichengisisi, ukungena kusebenze isikhungo sokonwaba kwingqondo, okwenza ababhema i-nicotine "ngamakhoboka."
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo ephezulu yeentlanzi, ezibangelwa ukuziphatha kakubi, ukuhlaselwa kobugwenxa, ukucaphuka. Inkqubo ye-nervous system iyabangela ucuba. Isiphumo:
- neuritis;
- radiculitis;
- polyneuritis.
Umphumo wokutshaya kwengqondo
Umphumo ombi wokutshaya emzimbeni mkhulu kakhulu. Iingxenye zentambo yengqumbo zixhalabele kakhulu kwi-CNS kunye nengqondo. Ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-nicotine, iinqwelo zengqondo zincinci, ezibangela ingqondo ye-hypoxia, kwaye ngenxa yoko ivela:
- inkumbulo ebuthathaka;
- intloko;
- ngqalelo;
- ukubuthathaka komsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo zeengqondo;
Impembelelo yokutshaya kwi-cardiovascular system
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ingozi yokubhema ifikelela kwinkqubo ye-cardiovascular system. Umngcipheko wokwenza i-cardiac pathologies kwabangcolileyo ukwanda ngamaxesha amahlanu! Iyintoni imbangela yesifo sokutshaya kwentliziyo?
- I-Hypoxemia - ukungabikho kwe-oksijini egazini, ukuphuhliswa ngaphaya kweminyaka emininzi yokutshaya, yimbangela yezifo ezininzi zentliziyo, kuquka i-atherosclerosis.
- I-Nicotine ayincedisi nje ukunyusa uxinzelelo kwiinqanawa nokwandisa umthwalo kubo, kodwa iphinda ikhulise izinga lama-catecholamines (neurotransmitters) egazini.
- Ubuncwane befodya bubangela i-vasospasm, ekhokelela kumonakalo kunye nokwandiswa komsebenzi weentliziyo ngenxa yokungabi naso komoya. Isiphumo sale mpe mbelelo yesifo senhliziyo .
- Ukwanda kwe-thrombosis kukhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo, ukubetha.
Umphumo wokutshaya kwiphepha lesisu
Amaphesenti angama-65% okuphuhliswa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwesilonda sesisu kunxulumene nokulutha kwe-nicotine, kwaye esinye esinye isizathu esinobangela ukuba kunobungozi ukutshaya.
- Ukubhema kukuphazamisa ukulawulwa kweentlungu kunye neentlondi zesisu, ngenxa yoko umntu otshaya angakwazi ukuhlangabezana nendlala okanye ukungafuni ukutya. Ngenxa yolu phazamiseko, inkqubo yokutya igxotha izinto eziyimfuneko zokugaya ukudla (i-acid, bile), kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukutya kungene kwisisu.
- Ukukhukhuma ngalunye kuphazamisa umsizi obunzima kunye nokuvimbela umsebenzi wamathumbu, ukwenzela ukuba ukutya kungadlulela kwiindawo eziphezulu zendlela yokugaya, kungavumeli umzimba ukuba uthathe zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko.
- Uninzi lwamakhemiksi enobuthi wengqumbo ngotye angene kwisisu, kwaye kwanokuba amancinci amancinci anele okwenzela ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yesisu.
Ziyingozi ukutshaya i-hookah
Ukuzonwabisa okunjalo okwakummandla waseMpumalanga kunye neziqhamo ezivuthayo umsi ekuqalekeni kubonakala kungenakonakala. Kodwa ngaba kunobungozi ukutshaya ihaokah? Qonda oku kuyimfuneko, kuba ukuthandwa kwale nkonzo kwiindawo ezininzi zokuzonwabisa rhoqo imihla.
Ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezeMpilo, ukulimala kokutshaya i-hookah kuyacaca apho! Uphando olutsha lu bonise ukuba:
- Iseshoni yehora ye-hookah yomsi ngenxa yokulimala ilingana ne-cigarettes ezilikhulu.
- Iseshoni yama-hookah engama-45 iphosa umzimba ngekhabhoni monoxide ngaphezu kwepakethi enye yeekheta ezilula ngexesha elifanayo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba ukushisa kwamalahle kwi-hookah ngu-650 ° C, kwaye umsi ongcolileyo uyakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwindlela yokuphefumula.
- Kwi-fire hookah ezivuthayo ezinobumnyama kunomxholo okwandisiweyo we-arsenic, i-lead, i-chromium, i-carboxyhemoglobin.
- I-Hookah inokubangela ukuphuhliswa kweentsholongwane ezifanayo njengogwayi, kunye nokungazinzi.
- Ukubhema i-hookah kwinkampani enkulu kuholele kumngcipheko omkhulu wokudluliselwa kwezifo ngamaconsi amanzi, kuba i-hookah ngomlomo ngomntu iseshoni abantu abaninzi badibanisa, kwaye xa ukutshaya umsila kwanda.
Mngcipheko ukutshaya
Abaninzi ababhemayo banokukrazula umkhwa wokulutha umjelo kwii-cigarettes zombane. Nangona kunjalo, kuyingozi ukutshaya, kwaye kungekhona nje ngenxa yeemfucumfucu ezingenakunokubangela izifo zokuphefumula, kodwa nangenxa yokubunjwa komxube, oquka:
- Glycerin, ephazamisa umsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo semithambo yegazi. Ichaphazela kakubi ukujikeleza kwegazi. Yindawo ezuzekileyo yokuphuhlisa ii-microbes.
- Nicotine.
- I-propylene glycol ivuselela indlela yokuphendula ngayo: ukukhawuleza, ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa ye-nasal, njl.
- I-Flavour yandisa imiphumo emibi ye-nicotine.
- Iimetali, i-resins, i-carcinogens, iimveliso zomsakazo kunye ne-oxidation kubangelwa yingozi kakhulu ekubhekeni. Bangela ukuxhatshazwa komzimba kunye nokuchaphazela phantse zonke iinkqubo kunye nezitho, ukuqala kwindlela yokuphefumula kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza.
Ziyingozi ukutshaya i-marijuana
Kwamanye amazwe kunye ne-US, i-marijuana inqunywe njengeyeza. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bathatha le nyathelo kuphela kwiimeko xa kungekho nenye indlela yokuphuma, kwaye ingqalelo ukuba umonakalo wokutshaya utshani ungaphantsi kwesi sifo ngokwawo. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba i-marijuana iyilisisi, le mifuno inezinye izibi:
- ukunqotshwa kunamandla kunokwenza ngengqondo kunye nemisebenzi yolwazi;
- isiphumo esinamandla kwi-system central nervous and brain;
- umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-schizophrenia;
- indlala engalawulekiyo;
- ukuziphatha okungafaniyo;
- ukuxinezeleka kunye nomlutha;
- ukukhulelwa komzimba;
- mbono o
- i-angina pectoris, i-arrhythmia, i-hyper- or hypotension;
- umonakalo kwinkqubo yokuphefumula nge-tar kunye nemikhiqizo evuthayo.
Inobungozi bokutshaya ukutshaya
Kwabo abo "abangabanjwanga" be-cigarettes, ukutshaya kubangela ingozi enkulu ngendlela engathandabuzekiyo, kuba i-60% yezinto ezinobuthi ezivela kwingqumbo ziwela emoyeni. Ukuphefumula umoya otyhelwa ngumsi we-cigarettes, umntu uboniswe kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu:
- i-carbon monoxide yetyhefu;
- indlala yomoya;
- utyhefu nge nitrogen oxide;
- uxinzelelo lwe-aldehyde lwenkqubo yesifo;
- utyhefu nge formaldehydes;
- umonakalo emzimbeni ngokubanzi nge-hydrogen cyanide;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zengqondo ngenxa yokuphuza i-nitrosamine;
- ukucasuka kwe-bronchi kunye ne-nasopharynx nge-acrolein-into etshaya;
- umngcipheko we-oncology, ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwama-carcinogens kagwayi.
Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi ngokutshaya?
Ukumelana nomphumo ongeyingozi wokutshaya komzimba kunokungavumi nje ukulahla, kodwa ukuba umntu akakwazi ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokutshaya usebenzisa imithetho emininzi:
- Musa ukutshaya ekuhambeni;
- Musa ukutshaya kubanda;
- Musa ukusima kwisisu esingenalutho;
- umsi kuphela xa ufuna;
- sichitha ixesha elingakumbi emoyeni omtsha;
- ukuzalisa ukusilela kwevithamini C ;
- ukungena kwimidlalo;
- Musa ukutshaya ngaphandle kwabangabhemi.
Iingcinga ngeengozi zokutshaya
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo banyamekela ngokunyanisekileyo amalungelo abo okubhema, balungele "ukugcoba" abantu ngeengoma ngesihloko sokuthi i-cigarette ayifuni kakhulu, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo inezinzuzo eziphathekayo. Masizame ukuphendula ngokunyanisekileyo umbuzo, ingozi ukutshaya?
- Iingoma 1 . I-Nicotine ikhuthaza ukuphumla. Akunjalo oko - isithethe ngokwayo sibuyela kwakhona, kungekhona izinto ezitshatyalaliswa ngumsi wocuba.
- Iingoma 2 . I-Nicotine isetyenziswe ngabagijimi beemidlalo njengendlela yokuqhaqha, kodwa akukho mntu uchaza oko ngaphambi kokusungulwa kokuvalwa kwe-doping, abaninzi abagijimi bafa ngokuthe ngqo kwimimandla esuka kwimithwalo, kunye nemiphumo eyingozi yokuvuselela.
- Iingoma 3 . I-Nicotine ivuselela ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nenkqubo yesifo ... Ngexesha elifanayo ukwandisa umthwalo emzimbeni, ukwandisa izinga lama-catecholamines kwaye kubangele umlutha.