I-Dyslexia - yintoni na, abantu abadumileyo abane-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia - yintoni na: ukugula, ukunyaniseka kokufundisa okanye into ethile yemisebenzi ethile yeengqondo? Kwimeko nganye, i-dyslexia ngabanye - oogqirha bakholelwa. Ngokwezibalo, kuba-5 abafana ababhekene nokuphula umthetho, kukho intombazana e-1. Phakathi kwezidyslexics ezisekhohlo ngaphaya kwabantu abasesikweni esifanelekileyo.

Dyslexia - yintoni na?

Ukugqithiswa kokuqatshelwa kwempawu eyahlukeneyo, iimpawu kwaye ngoko ke, ukuvela kwinkimbinkimbi ekuqondeni - njengokuba kuboniswe yi-dyslexia, kwincwadi yezokwelapha yamazwe ngamazwe e-ICD-10. Igama elithi "dyslexia" yemvelaphi yeGrike yamandulo , ukuthetha kakubi. I-Dyslexics ngabantu abafumana kunzima ukufunda izakhono zokufunda, ukubhala. I-dyslexia ebonakaliswe ngabantu abadala iyisalathisi sokunakekelwa ngokwaneleyo ekulungiseni ukukhubazeka ebuntwaneni.

Iimbangela ze-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia ivela kokubili kubantu abanezinga elaneleyo lobunzima (kufika kuma-5%), kunye neemeko zophuhliso lwengqondo (25-50%). Iinkqubo zobunzima be-dyslexia azicacisi ngokupheleleyo kwiingcali, kodwa indima enkulu ekubanjeni ivela kwifa okanye i-genetic predtional to occurring (in 70%). Akukho nto ebaluleke nakwezinye izimbangela ze-dyslexia:

• izinto ezinokwenziwa kwe-neurobiological - umsebenzi kunye nokuxinwa kwe-gyrus ye-tempore yangaphakathi ekhohlo kuncitshiswa kakhulu;
• ukuphulwa komlinganiso phakathi kwama-hemispheres;
• Uhlobo lokucinga olufanelekileyo;
• ukukhulelwa kunzima ngamayeza (i-rubella, i-herpes, imasisi) okanye ukusebenzisa izinto ezinobuthi (ukutshaya, utswala, utywala);
• ukungaqhelekanga kwezabasebenzi: i-fetal asphyxia, i-detachment yangaphambili ye-placenta;
• ukuxhatshazwa, izifo ezinzulu (i-meningitis);
• iimeko zentlalo: i-isolation syndrome, ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano , intsapho engonwabileyo, ukunyaniseka kokufundisa okanye ukunyaniseka koqeqesho.

Dyslexia - iimpawu

Ukuxilongwa kwe-dyslexia kungabangela ubunzima kwaye kuyimpawu ezihambelana nezifo ezinzulu. Abazali, ootitshala bangaqaphela ubunzima obukhethekileyo bomntwana ekuqeqesheni, sisona sizathu sokutyelela ingcali. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuthobela ingqalelo: inqanaba jikelele leengcaphephe lihambelana nemigangatho yobudala. Iimpawu zeDyslexia:

• ubunzima ekufundeni iilfabhethi;
• iileta, amagama, iinombolo - bona ngokuhlukileyo;
• bhala ngokubhala, ukufunda;
• iimpembelelo ekukhutsheleni izandi;
• imemori embi ngamagama, amanani, funda nje itekisi;
• ukufunda isicatshulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neepesenti ezinkulu kunye nokuvunyelwa kweencwadi, iilllabha ngamagama;
• Izibalo zemathematika zimela ubunzima;
• Ukuqaphela ukungahambi kakuhle kweencwadi ezinika izandi ezifanayo;
• Ukufunda umgca wokuqala wesicatshulwa kunokuchaneka, kodwa ngomgca olandelayo umqondo uphelelwe;
• ukunyameka kwengqondo (ukucaphuka, umsindo);
• ekukhuleni: ubunzima bokubonisa iingcamango, ukungakwazi ukukhumbula iindlela, imihla;
• ukuphulwa kwendawo kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwendawo: indawo ephezulu, ngakwesobunxele-onokungafani nakwiindidi.

Iindidi ze-dyslexia

Uphawu oluphawulekayo alubonakali ukuba kukho konke ukubonakalisa, kwaye iimpawu zixhomekeke, okokuqala, ngohlobo lwesifo. Iingcali zichonge ezi zilandelayo zihlobo zedaylexia:

1. I-Agrammatical dyslexia - ebonakaliswe ngentetho engaphantsi kwakha, ukwakhiwa kwegrama yesigwebo: amaxesha, amaxesha, ukuphela kwayo kuvunyelwene ngokungavumelekanga: "Ndifuna ukuya esitratweni," "i-motley cat."
2. I-vocon (acoustic) i-dyslexia yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabafundi abasebancinci. Kukho ukulungiswa kwakhona kweelwimi, umxube weencwadi kwizinto ezichazweyo ngamagama afanayo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo segama (u-com-lom-house, umhlobo wongqangi, umpompo-pom, umtya wethu).
3. I-dyslexia engacacanga - nale fom, kukho ubunzima ekuqaliseni iileta kwisandi okanye ilizwi.
4. I-danlexia ye-Semantic - ukufunda akunzima, kodwa "i-mechanical" kwaye igama ngalinye libonwa ngokwahlukana kwimiyalezo yonke kwaye intsingiselo ye-dyslexic ayikwazi ukucaciswa.
5. I-dyslexia ye-Optical - ibonakalise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukuhambisa xa ufunda kwezinye iimilo zeteknoloji, ukujonga ukufundwa (ukusuka kwesokudla ukuya kwesobunxele), ukungaqondi kakuhle iileta ezinezinto ezifanayo, kodwa ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo (I-N-P).
6. I-tactile dyslexia ifana ne- dyslexia ye- optical, kodwa iyodwa kuphela kubantu abangaboniyo. Xa ufunda iincwadi zeBraille, iminwe yehla kwenye ilayini, ukudideka kweencwadi kunye nesipelingi esifanayo.

Dyslexia kunye nedysgraphia

I-Dyslexia isifo esoloko sihamba kunye nezinye izifo. Iintlekiso kukuphulwa kwentetho ebhaliweyo. Ngexa ebhala itekisi ngumntwana, iilllabha zilungiswa kwakhona, iileta zibhalwa kwisikrini. Isicatshulwa esibhaliweyo sinamaphutha, ukungabikho kweencwadi ezinkulu kunye neempawu zokubhala. I-Dysgraphia ingaba yimiba yokuzimela, ingqondo ngexesha elifanayo, kunye ne-dyslexia igcinwe.

Unyango lwe dyslexia

Izicwangciso ezithile zonyango lweziyobisi ze-dyslexia azikho. Ngaphambili kwangoku i-disorder ichongiwe, imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ingaqhutyelwa ukuphucula ukusebenza komntwana. Ukulungiswa kwe-dyslexia yenziwa ngumgqirha wokuthetha, kunye nezifo ezihamba kunye, i-neuropathologist, isifo sengqondo, i-ophthalmologist ixhunyiwe. Inkqubo yokulungisa iquka oku kulandelayo:

• ukusebenza kunye nokukhutshwa kwesandi;
• ekwakheni inkqubo zegrama;
• ekuphuhliseni imemori yokuhlola nokubonwayo ;
• ngokudibanisa kwezithombe ezibonakalayo nezandileyo.

Abantu abadumileyo abane-dyslexia

I-Dyslexia - isifo sengqondo, kukho uluvo phakathi kwezinye iingcali - umntu unokuqiniseka ngoku ngokufunda i-biographies yabantu abadumiweyo abaneengxaki, ezingazange zibathintele ukuba ziphumelele, ukuba zithandeke kulo msebenzi kunye nentando yoluntu. I-Dyslexia phakathi kwabasemagunyeni abaye banqoba ubunzima babo, kwaye bakhonza njengomzekelo obalaseleyo, ukuba akufanele aphelelwe ithemba ngabanye:

1. UVladimir Mayakovsky - umbongo owaziwayo waseSoviet onzima ukufunda, "wayengavumelani" kunye neziphumlisi.
2. U-Keanu Reeves - njengomntwana, waxoshwa kakhulu ngenxa yokungakwazi kwakhe ukufunda kakuhle, afunda nabo bathi wayeyisiyatha.
3. UQuentin Tarantino - umlawuli onobukrakra kunye no-acentric, kunye nomlingisi, wayejongelwa ukunyeliswa yiontanga, ukufundisa ukuba unikwe ubunzima.
4. I-Cher - esikolweni wafumana iingxaki ekufundeni, ukubhala kunye nobunzima kumanani ahlukeyo 6-9.
5. UKeira Knightley - isifo sifundisa umdlali we-self-discipline nokunyamezela ekujongeni ubunzima.

Dyslexia - iincwadi

I-Dyslexia - yintoni na indlela yokulahla i-dyslexia kumntu omdala. Yonke le mibuzo iphakanyiswa kwiincwadi malunga ne-dyslexia:

1. Isipho soDyslexia ngu R. R. Davis
2. "Isipho sokuFunda" R. Davis
3. "Ukulungiswa kwesifo se-dyslexia" E. Mazanova
4. "Dyslexia okanye Kutheni ..." T. Voronina
5. "I-Dyslexia yengqondo. Ngaphandle kwe "T. Goguadze" eyaziwayo