Kwamava abantu, ngokuqhelekileyo iingqungquthela zokungathembeki, ukucinga kakubi kwehlabathi kunye nokunganeliseki. I-psychotherapy yengqondo inceda ukuchonga amaqhinga athileyo ngokusebenza kunye nokucinga nokutshintsha "iingcamango" ezingekho phantsi kwezinto ezilungileyo. Isigulane sisithatha inxaxheba kwindlela yokwelapha.
Ulwaphulo olunengqondo - yintoni na?
UAron Beck, ingqondo ye-Psychotherapist yaseMerika, omnye wabasunguli bezolawulo ngo-1954 ukuphanda uxinzelelo kwisiseko se-psychoanalysis, akafumani nayiphi na iziphumo ezithembekileyo ezithembekileyo. Ngoko kwakukho ulwalathiso olutsha lwe-psychotherapeutic uncedo ekuhlaselweni kweentlanzi, ukuxhomekeka, ukuxhomekeka okuhlukahlukeneyo. Ulwaphulo lweengqondo lusetyenzana lwexesha elifutshane elijoliswe ekuqwalaseleni iipatheni zengqondo ezingalunganga ezikhokelela umntu ukuba ahlupheke kwaye azibuyisele iingcamango ezakhayo. Umxhasi ufunda imbono entsha, uqala ukukholelwa kuye ngokwakhe kwaye acinge ngokuqinisekileyo.
Iindlela zokwenza ngengqondo yengqondo
Iingcali ze-psychotherapist iqalisa ukuthetha kunye nokuseka ubudlelwane kunye nesigulane esekelwe kubambiswano. Uludwe lweengxaki ezijoliswe kuzo ziqulunqwe ngokubaluleka kwesi sigulane, iingcamango eziphazamisayo zichongiwe. Izindlela zokunyangwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha zibangelwa utshintsho olulungileyo kumgangatho ophantsi, zibandakanya:
- umzabalazo ngeengcamango zengcebiso engalunganga ("akukho nto", "akukho nto"), "akukho nto iya kuphuma intle", "ayifanele ukuvuya");
- ezinye iindlela zokubona ingxaki;
- Ukuphonononga kwakhona okanye ukuhlala kwimeko ephazamisayo evela kwixesha elidlulileyo elichaphazela okwangoku kwaye kungekhona isigulane ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo inyaniso.
Iinkqubo zeengqondo zengqondo
Umgqirha ukhuthaza isigulane ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekuthatheni inxaxheba. Injongo yomgulisi yokuzisa umxhasi ukuba akanakuvuyela iinkolelo zakhe zakudala kungenye indlela yokuqalisa ukucinga ngendlela entsha, ukuthatha uxanduva lweengcamango zakhe, isimo, ukuziphatha. Umsebenzi wesikolo osesikweni. Ulwaphulo lweengxaki zobuntu lubandakanya iinkqubo eziliqela:
- Ukulandelela kunye nokurekhoda iingcamango ezingalunganga, iingcinga , xa kuyimfuneko ukwenza isenzo esibalulekileyo. Isigulane sibhala kwiphepha ukuze kubekwe phambili iingcamango eziza kwisigqibo.
- Ukugcina idayari . Ebudeni bemihla, iingcamango ezivame ukuvela kwisigulana zirekhodwa. Idayari inceda ukugcina ingcamango yeengcinga ezichaphazela impilo yakho.
- Ukuhlola ukufakwa okungalunganga kwisenzo . Ukuba isigulane sithi "akakwaziyo nantoni na," ugqirha ugqugquzela ukuba uqale amancinci, usebenze ngokuphumelelayo, kwaye uqine imisebenzi.
- Catharsis . I-Technique yeemvakalelo eziphilayo ukusuka kurhulumente. Ukuba isigulane sidabukisayo, ayinakuziphazamisa ngokwakhe, umgqirha ubonisa ukuveza ukudabuka, umzekelo, ngokukhala.
- I ngcamango . Isigulane esoyika okanye singaqiniseki ngamakhono akhe ukwenza lo msebenzi. Umphengululi ubiza ukuba acinge kwaye azame.
- Indlela yeentsika ezintathu . Isigulana sibhala kwiikholamu: imeko ayiyiyo ingcamango engalunganga-yokulungisa (ingcinga). Le ndlela iyanceda ekufundiseni ubuchule bokutshintsha iingcamango ezingalunganga ngezinto ezintle.
- Ingxelo yemicimbi yosuku . Isigulana sinokucinga ukuba abantu banomdla kuye. Umgqirha unikela ukugcina uluhlu lwemiboniso, apho ukubeka "+" "-", ngexesha lomhla kunye nokusebenzisana ngamnye nabantu.
Unyango olusisigxina - ukusetyenziswa
Isiphumo esomeleleyo kunye nempumelelo kwonyango kuqinisekiswa ngokulungisa izixhobo ezintsha ezakhayo, iingcamango. Umxhasi wenza umsebenzi wesikolo kunye nokuzivocavoca oza kumnika yona: ukuphumula, ukulandelela izenzakalo ezimnandi, ukufunda ukuziphatha okutsha kunye nezakhono zokutshintsha. Ukuzivocavoca kwengqondo kwinto efunekayo kwizigulane ezinexhala eliphezulu kunye nesimo sokudandatheka ngenxa yokungafuni. Kwixesha lokusebenzela "umfanekiso owodwa," umntu uzama kwaye uzame ukuziphatha okungafaniyo.
Ukunyanga kwengqondo kwintlalo yoluntu
Uloyiko kunye nokuxhalabisa okungenangqiqo kukuthintela umntu ekufezeni imisebenzi yakhe yentlalo ngokuqhelekileyo. Ulwalamano luyisifo esivamile. I-psychotherapy yengqondo yokukhathazeka komntu kwi-social phobia inceda ekufumaneni "iingeniso" zokucinga okunjalo. Ukuzivocavoca kukhethwe kwiingxaki ezithile zesigulane: ukwesaba ukushiya indlu, ukwesaba ukuthetha koluntu njalonjalo.
Ukuxhomekeka kokuxhomekeka kwengqondo
Utywala, izidakamizwa zezidakamizwa zizifo ezibangelwa yimfuyo, ngamanye amaxesha imodeli yokuziphatha yabantu abangayaziyo ukuxazulula iingxaki baze babone ukuhoxiswa kwemibandela ekusebenziseni izinto eziphathekayo, ngelixa bexazulula iingxaki ngokwabo. I-psychotherapy yokuziphatha kwengqondo yimiba yokulwalathisa ijoliswe ekuboneni iziganeko ezibangelwayo (imeko, abantu, iingcamango) ezibangela indlela yokusetyenziswa. Ukuphulukiswa kwengqondo ngokuphumelelayo kukunceda ukujamelana nemikhwa emibi ngokuqonda iingcamango, ukusebenzela imeko kunye nokuziphatha okutshintshayo.
Iingcali zengqondo zokuziphatha
Abantu abanakuhlala befuna uncedo kwizodwa. Ubuchule kunye nezindlela ezaziwa ngabaphengululi beengqondo zingabancedisa ukuba baqhubeke nendlela yokuxazulula iingxaki ezithile, kodwa abayi kuba yinto engena endaweni yonyango. Ukunyanga kwengqondo-yokuziphatha kwincwadi:
- "Ukunyangwa kwengqondo kwengqondo" A. Beck, uArthur Freeman.
- "I-psychotherapy yengqondo yobunzima buntu" A. Beck.
- "Uqeqesho lwengqondo ngeendlela zikaAlbert Ellis" A. Ellis.
- "Indlela yokusebenzisa ingqiqo-yengqondo yengqondo" A. Ellis.
- "Izindlela zokuziphatha unyango" V. Meier, E.Chesser.
- "Isikhokelo sonyango-yokuziphatha" S. Kharitonov.