Akukho bantu kwihlabathi abangenako ukoyika nayiphi na into. Wonke umntu ebomini bakhe ubhekene nokukhathazeka kwangaphakathi kwaye ngaphezu kweyodwa. Kodwa uhlobo lweemvakalelo ezinamandla kunamandla kubo bonke abantu. Abantu bazibuza: yintoni intswelo kunye nendlela yokuchonga izizathu zayo. Kwaye uzama ukuqonda indlela yokulahla izinto eziphosakeleyo ezibangelwa ukwesaba izinto ezithile.
Psychology of fear
Kwiminyaka emininzi, ukuziva ukwesaba kubangela ukudideka kubantu. Ingqwalasela eninzi yahlawulwa kwingxaki kubini inkolo kunye nefilosofi, abadwebi kunye nabadwebi bazama ukuvavanya urhulumente. Ngokufika kweengqondo ngekhulu le-19, le nto yaqala ukujongwa ngokwesayensi. Ukwesaba kwakubizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho wangaphakathi, ngenxa yeso simo esichengeni okanye esichengeni. Xa umntu ebona imeko enobungozi, umzimba unikeza uphawu. Ubudlelwane kunye nehlabathi langaphandle kunye ne-phobias ngabanye, kwaye iingcali zithetha ngamakhulu eentlobo zazo.
Inzuzo kunye nengozi yokwesaba
Iingcali zengqondo zithi: nangona uvakalelo lwenkoyiko lunemibala embi, ngexabiso elincinci lingaba luncedo. Kwaye ngokubanzi ukuba ukwesaba kunye ne-phobias - kuyinto evamile. Oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu ojamelana noloyiko olungenakunokuthi angaphila ubomi bakhe phantsi koyika. Xa i-phobia iba yingxaki, kufuneka ilwa, kodwa ukutshabalalisa naluphi na ukubonakalisa ukwesaba kuthetha ukuchasana nemvelo. Ngokomlando, ukwesaba ukungaqiniseki kwabantu bakhuselekile kwizinto ezingaphandle zangaphandle.
Yintoni eluncedo ukwesaba?
Ukusetyenziswa kokwesaba kubomsebenzi walo oyintloko: ukukhusela umntu engozini (ngamanye amagama, ukubandakanya isiseko sokuzimela ). Kuqala ukujonga lo mvakalelo awunalusizo, kodwa kwavela kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukukhusela umntu kwiinkxwaleko ezizungezile, izinto zangaphandle kunye nosongelo. Iimeko ezilandelayo ziza kuthiwa xa uloyiko lubalulekile:
- Ukwesaba ukuphakama kusindisa ekuwa. Amanzi - ukusuka kwisiphepho. Ubumnyama - ukuhlangana kunye nabaphangi kunye nabadlwenguli epaki yokuhlwa.
- Ukwesaba okungaziwayo kunye nokukhusela kwangaphakathi kukukhusela ekunxibelelaneni nezinto ezinobungozi (imicu, imimese), abantu kunye nezilwanyana.
- Ngeemeko ezinobungozi, i- hormone serotonin ikhiqizwa engqondweni, leyo inefuthe elihle kumsindo we-muscle.
- Ukunyuka kwe-adrenaline egazini kuba isizathu sokuba umntu aqale ukucinga nokuthatha ngokukhawuleza, ngokubambisana. Kodwa akunjalo.
Inobungozi Yoyiko
Ukungabikho kokwesaba kuza kufaka uluntu ekupheleni kokuphela, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, kunobungozi ukwesaba. Ingqiqo yengozi ayisoloko isinceda umntu ukuba enze umlinganiselo wamakhono akhe. Enye imeko yokuphuhliswa kwimeko enobungozi ilandelayo:
- ukunyanzelwa kunqatshelwe;
- Ukuphefumula kuyaqhekeka;
- umntu akakwazi ukucinga nokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo;
- kukho ukuhlaselwa koyika.
Iintlobo zokoyiko
Ngokuxhomekeka kohlelo, ukwesaba kunokwahlukana ngamaqela amaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, uFrud wabelana ngazo zonke iimvakalelo zolu hlobo ngokwenene kunye neurotic, kunye nomlingane wakhe - isazi sengqondo se-Kaplan - kwi-pathological and constructive. Oko kukuthi, uhlobo lokuqala luyayinceda umntu ukuba aphile, ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-biological fears, kwaye yesibini yimbangela yesifo. Kwiingqungquthela zesayensi kuyisiko lokuhlanganisa i-phobias kumaqela a-8:
- Indawo (ukwesaba ubunzulu, ukuphakama, izithuba ezidibeneyo, njl.).
- Intlalo (abantu besini esithile, isimo, ukungafuni ukutshintsha, njl.).
- Ukoyika ukufa.
- Ingozi yokuthengisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
- Ukwahlukana kokwesaba - ukungafuni ukuma.
- Ukoyika ngesondo .
- Uloyiko lokubangela abanye ingozi.
Isazi sengqondo seRashiya uSshbatbatykh wayenengcamango yakhe yinto enjani yokwesaba. Bahlulwe ngamaqela amathathu:
- Intlalo - oku kuphazamiseka malunga nentlalo yabo kunye nabathandekayo babo, phambi kweembono zikawonkewonke, uluntu, utshintsho ebomini, njl njl.
- Zendalo, oko kukuthi, ezihambelana neziganeko zendalo (iindudumo, isithwathwa, njl.).
- Lwangaphakathi, "ebekwe" ebuntwaneni.
Kodwa kuya kuchaneka ngakumbi ukwahlula zonke i-phobias kunye noxinzelelo kwiiqela ezintathu (ezine):
- I-Biological - oko kukuthi, ehlobene nempilo nobomi.
- Ubume bezentlalo kunye nokutshintsha imeko kuluntu.
- Ekhoyo-yangaphakathi, ebonisa intsikelelo yomntu.
- Iqela elihlukileyo liloyiko labantwana.
Uloyiko lwentlalo
Mhlawumbi iqela elibanzi kakhulu loyiko elibonakalayo kwizigaba ezininzi zentlalo. Ubunqabileyo babo kukuba izinto ezibhekiswe kuzo i-phobia ayinakuyingozi. Ziyakwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwimoyiko yezinto eziphilayo - njengoko, ukomzekelo, ukwesaba koonyana iintlungu ezivela kwiijoke zithatha ingcambu kwaye ngokugqithisileyo kuyaba yintanda yabantu abambethe iingubo ezimhlophe. Xa uneminyaka yobudala, inxaxheba yentlalo ithatha indawo ye-biological. Iyakwamkelwa ukukwabelana ngolwesaba ngabantu balolu hlobo kwiindidi ezilandelayo:
- ukwesaba ukungeniswa (phambi komphathi, utitshala, njl);
- ukwesaba ukungaphumeleli;
- ukungafuni ukuthatha uxanduva (kwintsapho, iqela);
- ukwesaba ulwalamano kunye nokungafanelekanga;
- ukwesaba ukudibana nabanye;
- ukwesaba ukuvavanya nokugwetywa.
Ukwesaba kwezinto eziphilayo
Uhlobo lubekwe uvakalelo lwenkoyiko kunye nokuxhalaba phambi kwezinto ezinobungozi ebomini bendoda kunye nezihlobo zakhe, umzekelo, izilwanyana ezinobungozi kunye neetyhefu. Ezi phobias zichanekile, kwaye izizathu zokuzonwabisa ziyingozi. Ukholo oluninzi lwe-biological lubonakaliswe ngu:
- singenangqiqo - ubukho babo buyimvelaphi kwimvelo yokuzigcina;
- ukusabalalisa ngokubanzi - ezi phobias ziqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantu.
Uloyiko olukhoyo
Ingundoqo yesintu ibonakalisa kwiqela lesithathu le-phobias: ikhona. Zibangelwa kwiinkalo ezichukumisekileyo zengqondo, azihlali ziqhelwe ngumntu kwaye "zihlala" kwi-subconscious, ngoko kunzima ukunyanga (ukuba kuyimfuneko). Ziquka:
- ukwesaba kwakho;
- ukwesaba indawo (ivaliwe, evulekile, ubude);
- ukwesaba ukungaguquki kwexesha, elizayo, ukufa;
- ukuvela kokuxhalaba ngokungabonakaliyo, iimbali zeli hlabathi.
Ukoyika abantwana
Udidi oluhlukileyo - uxhalaba lwabantwana, oludluliselwa kubantu abadala. Le yimizwa ephambili - ukwesaba, kwaye ibonakalisa kwisibeleko, xa umntwana usabela kumava kamama. Ukwesaba kwezinto eziphilayo (ukukhanya okukhazimulayo, izandi ezivakalayo, njl njl njl) ziqhelekileyo kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi. Ezi ziindlela zokukhusela. Kodwa ukuba i-phobias ethile iyadluliselwa kwiqondo lofuzo, kunokwenzeka ukuba imvakalelo yabantwana iya kuba yintswelo yoluntu lomntu omdala.
Ungakuphelisa njani ukwesaba?
Ukuba neengcamango ezicacileyo zesoyiko kunye nokuqonda izizathu zalo, umntu unokuzama ukuwaphelisa ukuba aphelise ngokusisigxina iimeko eziphosakeleyo . Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweengxaki lunceda ukujamelana nalo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezinokungqina ukuphilisa ukwesaba. I-Psychology ibiza iindlela ezisebenzayo:
- Isenzo sokulwa nexhala.
- Ukuchazwa ngokucacileyo kwemiphumo engenzekayo yimeko. Mhlawumbi akukho nto ingakhathazeka ngayo.
- Ukubonakalisa kwe-phobia kuphepheni okanye kwintloko.
- Ukuqilima.
Ukuba ngumbuzo we-social phobia, unokukwazi ukujongana nayo inyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zeengqondo kunye nezindlela zokunqoba ukwesaba uxhulumaniso:
- abaqhelana nabo kunye nokwandiswa kwama-horizons;
- unxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo, iingxoxo zefoni;
- ukubonisana kwengcali yengqondo.
Amacwecwe ngenxa yokwesaba
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba loo mvakalelo njengoloyiko ayisoloko ibangela izizathu zendalo. Ukuba uxhalabango lubangelwa iingxaki zeengqondo neengqondo, unyango lweziyobisi lunceda. Iyeza-counter-counter counter for the fear can be bought at pharmacy. Ezi ziquka:
- imifuno kunye nezicatshulwa - i-valerian, roseola, motherwort;
- amalungiselelo e-homeopathic;
- Izibonelelo zokutya;
- iziyobisi ze-nootropic - i-adaptol, i-phenibut, i-pantogam.
Ngamanye amaxesha iziyobisi ezahlukahlukeneyo zinokukunceda ukunqumla umdla, kodwa kungekhona ixesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu oyika ukubhabha kwi-moya, kulula ukusela ipilisi phambi kwendiza engabonakaliyo kunokuba ufunde ixesha elide le-psychotherapy. Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwama-anti-depressants kunye ne-stabilizers kunokunciphisa iimvakalelo zokuxhalabisa, kodwa ukuba ingcambu yokwesaba iphantsi, ezinye iipilisi aziyi kunceda. Kufuneka ukuba usebenze ngokwakho.
Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuphelisa uxhalaba kukubaleka okanye ukubaleka. Naliphi na i-phobias - eyimfihlelo kunye necacileyo, ephazamisa ebomini, kufuneka ukulwe, ukhangele ngokungqalileyo ebusweni bengozi kunye nobuthathaka bakho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba abantu abanalo igunya phezu kwezinto ezithile, kwaye banakho ukunyamezela ezi ntloba zesoyika. Umzekelo, ungazami ukunqoba ukufa okanye ukuphepha zonke iintlekele zemvelo. Abantu bafanele bakuphulaphule isiseko sokuzimela, kodwa bangadangali ngenxa yokoyika.