Ukuzalwa okwenzeka ngaphambi kweveki yama-37 yokukhulelwa kuthathwa njengexesha elide, kwaye kwimeko ezinjalo uncedo olulodwa olufunekayo, kokubili umntwana kunye nonina. Ukusinda kwintsana engekazalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwamaxesha ahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke ekuboneleleni ngoncedo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokudalwa kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zoongikazi kunye nophuhliso olongezelelweyo lwentsana. Abantwana bafakwa kwi-kuvez, apho kugcinwa ukushisa okufunekayo kunye nomswakama, ukondla kwenziwa ngeprobe. Ukuze usindise umntwana, ngesongelo lokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, oogqirha banokumiselwa unyango ukuba baqhubeke nokukhulelwa okanye ukukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwemiphunga yomntwana ukuze kulungelelaniswe kwimo engaphandle. Inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekutyunjweni kolwaphulo kunye nokulondolozwa kokukhulelwa kukubona ngokukhawuleza kokungaqhelekanga okanye iziphazamiso ezingakhokelela ekuphumuleni komzimba.
Kutheni oku kwenzekayo?
Izizathu zokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa zibangelwa iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zentlalo, zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezofuzo ezichaphazela izifundo zokukhulelwa kunye nophuhliso lomntwana. Iqiniso elixinezelayo, ukungondleki, izifo ezithathelanayo nezifo ezithintekayo, ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokomzimba kunye nemikhwa emibi kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukuphuhliswa kwe-fetus yaziwa kubo bonke. Kodwa kukho izizathu ezifihlakeleyo zokuphuphuma kwesisu, ezifana nokuguquka kweentsholongwane kwintsholongwane, ukuphazamiseka kwe-hormonal, izifo ezingapheliyo, ezinganyangekiyo ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhulelwa. I-Multiparty inokubangela ukugqithisa kweendonga zesisu, esoloko sidinga ukuba kubasebenzi ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela. Ngokomzekelo, kudla ngokuqaphela ukuzalwa kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa kwamawele okanye amathathu. Isiqhamo esikhulu kakhulu sinokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
Unokuqala nini ukuhanjiswa?
Kule miba ingentla, ixesha lokuqalisa umsebenzi kunye nophuhliso olulandelayo lomntwana luxhomekeka.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-20 ukuya kweye-22 kuthathwa njengengqondo yokuphuphuma komzimba, izinga lokusinda kweentsana liphantsi kakhulu. Isizathu esona siqhelekileyo sisifo se-fetal developmental, izifo ezithathelwanayo okanye iingxaki.
Ukuzalwa kwasekuqaleni kwiveki ezingama-22 kubangelwa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kwaye ngokungabikho kwamathambo okuphuhliswa komntwana okanye usongelo ebomini, oogqirha banokuzama ukunyusa ukukhulelwa.
Isizathu sokubeletha kwangaphambi kokususela ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-24 ukuya ku- 27 ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zingenako ukukhubazeka komlomo wesibeleko. Kwiqela elijongene nobungozi ngeli xesha, kwindawo yokuqala kubandakanya ukuphindaphinda. Ukungafezeki kwe-Isthmicocervical kwenzeka xa umlomo wesibeleko ubonakaliswe, ngenxa yoko awukwazi ukubamba iqanda lomntwana.
Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kwimihla yesi-27, iiveki 28 ukuya kwe-30 kuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. I-akhawunti ephakamileyo yekota enye yesibalo sokuzalwa kwale mihla. Isizathu sokunikezelwa kwangethuba kwiveki 30 sinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi, kunye nefuthe lezinto zangaphandle. Njengomthetho, ngeli xesha kunconywa ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokwenyama, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuphelelwa ngumsindo okumele kugwenywe. Ukusinda ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kweeveki ezingama-27 ukuya ku-30 kuya phezulu kunezihlandlo zangaphambili, nangona kunjalo, umntwana ufuna uncedo olulodwa kunye neemeko zokuphucula phambili. Ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili kwiveki ye-30-32 kungaphantsi kancinci kunexesha elizayo.
Ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambili kwiiveki ezingama-35-37 kunama-50%, kwaye izinto ezichaphazela ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili kule miqathango zihluke ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuthintela ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, njengenjongo yokukhusela, kucetyiswa ukuba uviwo olupheleleyo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okanye kumaxesha okuqala, ukufumana ukuhlolwa kweentsholongwane nezifo ezithintekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba isongelo sokuphuphuma kwesisu siphume ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso ngokusisimo, kwaye xa iimpawu zokubeleka kwangaphambi kokuzalwa ziyimfuneko, ukubhedlelelwa esibhedlele kuyimfuneko. Ukubonakaliswa kokuzalwa kwangaphambi kokuqala kukubonakalisa ubunzima okanye intlungu kwisisu esezantsi, intlungu emva, ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yemoto yomntwana, ukukhutshwa kwindlela yomzimba, ukuphambaniswa rhoqo, ukuphuma kwe-amniotic fluid. Ulwahlulo alukwazi ukuhamba rhoqo ngaphambi kokubeleka kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, umzekelo, nge-immiko-tsirvikalnoy insufficiency, ukuzalwa kungaqala ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba, nangona zonke iinzame zokugcina ukukhulelwa, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa, kuyimfuneko ukufumana isizathu sokuphepha iingxaki kamva, ngexesha lokukhulelwa okulandelayo.