Ukusebenzisa eli gama kuye kwandifutshane, kwaye le nto yenzeke kuzo zonke iimbali zembali. Malunga naye uthetha uPlato, uAristotle kunye noDemocritus, kunye noG. Hegel wachaza uluvo loluntu. Ngenkulungwane ye-20, imbono yakhe yezenhlalakahle yasungulwa, kwaye ukuza kutsho namhlanje izazinzulu ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo zihlola intsingiselo yakhe, imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi.
Yintoni yembono yoluntu?
Akukho ncazelo ecacileyo yale ngcamango. Ngokwimimiselo jikelele, banokuthiwa isethi yemigqaliselo ephuhlisiwe kwaye yabelwe ngabantu abaninzi. Ubume bembono yabantu babonwa ngabantu basekuqaleni kwaye bancedisa ukulawula ubomi bezizwe. Iingxoxo malunga nokutolika kwalo mbono ziyaqhubeka, kodwa unyaka wonke uya kuba "ngentando yeninzi", ebonisa iinkqubo ezenzeka kuluntu. Kwaba yimbonakalo yokuziphatha kwezopolitiko kunye nendlela yokwenza ipolitiki.
Umbono woluntu kwintlalo
Lo mbuzo wolwazi lomntu, ochaza ngokucacileyo okanye ngokucacileyo isimo sakhe sengqondo kwiimeko, iziganeko kunye neengqinamba zobomi bentlalo, ebonisa indawo yokubambisana yonke imiba enomdla kubo bonke. Umbono woluntu njengento yentlalo inemisebenzi emininzi:
- Ulawulo loLuntu . Iimbono zoluntu zinokufaka isandla okanye ukunciphisa ukuphunyezwa kwezigqibo zikaRhulumente.
- Ecacileyo . Ngokubonakalisa indawo ethile, uluvo loluntu lunokubeka iliso kumagosa karhulumente nokuvavanya imisebenzi yabo.
- Cebisi . Njengomphumo wophando oluqhutywayo lwabantu, kunokwenzeka ukuyicombulula le nto okanye loo ngxaki, ukunyanzelisa abameli be-elite zezopolitiko ukuba bathathe isigqibo esinokulinganisela.
- Umyalelo . Ukubonakaliswa kwentando yabantu ekuqhubekeni kwe-referenda.
Umbono kawonkewonke kwingqondo
Iimbono zoluntu njengephepha le-litmus libonisa ubungqina kwaye livavanya. Le ngxenye ethile yobomi bokomoya babantu, kuba ekuvakaliseni izimvo zabo, bayavuma okanye bagwebe into okanye umntu. Ulwakhiwo lwentlalo yoluntu lukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kovavanyo olulodwa kunye nokuziphatha okuhambelana nale meko ethile. Uluntu luqukethe amaqela ahlukeneyo kunye nezakhiwo. Kwiintsapho, ukuhlanganiswa kwemveliso, imibutho yezemidlalo, ubumbano lwangaphakathi luyakhelwe, olubhekiselele kwimbono karhulumente.
Kunzima ukujamelana naye, kuba nayiphi na umntu ekhuselekayo, ejikelezwe zigwebo ezimbi. Njengoko umkhuba ubonisa, i-10% yabantu abafana nomntu abaneleyo kubo bonke abantu ukuba bajoyine. Umbono kawonkewonke udlala indima enkulu ebomini babantu: inikeza ulwazi malunga nehlabathi elijikelezile, unceda ukulungelelanisa iimpawu zoluntu oluthile kwaye lichaphazela ukuhamba kweenkcukacha.
Umbono woluntu kunye nolwazi lwabantu
Eliziko lezeNtlalo lihlakulela iindlela zokuziphatha, ukuqondisa izenzo zabantu ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu onalo uluvo lwakhe, uyazinikela ngenxa yoluvo lwesininzi. Ukwahlukana kwezi ngcamango njengendlela yokuziphatha ngobuninzi kunye nembono yoluntu ichazwe ngu E. Noel-Neumann, ekufumaneni oko kuthiwa "ukunyakaza kokuthula". Ngokwale ngcamango, abantu abanezikhundla eziphikisana nezimo zengqondo "zixhatshazwa." Ababonisi imbono yabo, besaba ukuhlala kwincinci.
Lo mlawuli wendalo jikelele ukhona kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu - ezoqoqosho, ngokomoya, kwezopolitiko. Kunokungacwangciswanga ngaphezu kweziko lezenhlalakahle, kuba lilawula ukuziphatha kwezifundo kuluntu ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yeendlela ezingaqhelekanga. Ukulinganisa uluvo lukawonkewonke, zonke iintlobo zeempopu, imibuzo, njl.
Uluntu lwenziwa njani?
Imfundo yakhe iyenzeka phantsi kwefuthe lezinto ezahlukeneyo - amahemuhemu kunye neentlebo, izimvo, iinkolelo, izigwebo, iingcamango ezingalunganga. Ngelo xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umxholo weengxoxo uhambelane nenani elikhulu labantu kwaye unikezele ngokuchazwa ngokubanzi kunye nokuqikelelwa okuthe ngqo. Abo banqwenela ukwazi ukuba uluvo loluntu oludalweyo kufuneka uphendule ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ube nezinga eliyimfuneko lokuxubusha ingxaki. Kubalulekile ukuphawula impembelelo ye-intanethi kwimbono kawonkewonke, uhulumeni, abeendaba kunye namava abo.
Izindlela zokuxhaphaza izimvo zoluntu
Ezi ndlela zenzelwe ukunciphisa intando yabemi kunye nokuqondisa izimvo zabo kunye nezizathu ezifanelekileyo. Ukuchithwa kweembono zoluntu kunika:
- Cebiso.
- Ukutshintshela kwinkqubo ngokubanzi kwimeko ethile.
- Iimvumi, i-conjecture, ulwazi olungenakuqinisekiswa.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela ebizwa ngokuthi "imizimba efileyo" iyadingeka. Le zombie emoyeni usebenzisa isihloko sesini, ubundlobongela, ukubulala, njl.
- Ukunyanzeliswa kwembono yoluntu kubonelela ukukhethwa kwezinto ezimbini ezimbi.
- Ukuthula kolunye ulwazi kunye nepropaganda yomnye.
- Ukwahlulwa - ukwahlukaniswa kolwazi kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo.
- Indlela ye "Goebbels", apho kuxoxwa khona amanga ngenyaniso, iphindaphinda iphinda.
- Mystification.
- Astroturfing. Ulawulo lwezobugcisa loluntu ngoncedo lwabantu abaqeshwe ngokukhethekileyo.
Indima yeengcaphephe ekubunjweni kweembono zikawonkewonke
Ipolitiki ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kweenkohlakalo, kuba iyakha inkqubo yeenkolelo zezopolitiko kwaye iqondisa izenzo zabantu, ziphucula iingcinga zabo eziyimfuneko. Inkqubo yokwenza uluvo lukawonkewonke lujoliswe ekuhlanganiseni iingcamango zezopolitiko kunye neenkcukacha zemihla ngemihla kwaye zidibanise iingcamango eziyimfuneko malunga nezopolitiko. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ukhetha ngokukhethekileyo, "kumatshini." Impembelelo enjalo ifaneleke njengento engalunganga ukuba iphazamise imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nemigangatho, ibangele ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iphazamise amaqela abantu.
Impembelelo yamaphephandaba kwimbono yoluntu
Indlela ephambili yokuthintela abeendaba kubantu kubangelwa. Kubandakanywa ukudala iziganeko ezikhohlisayo - iingcamango, iingcamango, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, eziye zenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukuphendula ngendlela efanelekileyo ngohlobo lokwesaba , uvelwano, uthando, inzondo, njl. kwaye ufundise abantu ngokungenamthetho ukuba bathathe ukholo kukho konke abakuthethayo kumabonwakude, kwirediyo, njl. Iingcamango zisekelwe kwiingcamango, kwaye kuzo zonke iinjongo zi sekelwe.
Impembelelo yombono karhulumente kubantu
Iimbono zoluntu zizisa "ukuziphatha okumsulwa" amalungu ayo. Umbono kawonkewonke kunye neengxelo zamahemuhemu kunye nokufaka iinkqubo ezithile zobudlelwane boluntu. Umntu ufunda ukuba uxanduva lwamagama kunye nezenzo phambi koluntu. Ukubuza ukuba uluvo loluntu luchaphazela njani umntu, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ufundisa kwaye uphinde ufundise, uhlobo lweendlela kunye nesimo sengqondo, izithethe, imikhwa. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo lichaphazela abantu kwaye libi, "baxinzelele", baxinzelele ukuba baphile ngesohlo kwinto abantu abayi kuthetha ngayo.
Uloyiko loluntu uluvo
Wonke umntu uloyiko uluvo lukawonkewonke, ukwesaba ukugxekwa, okuphazamisa isinyathelo sakhe, kukhupha umnqweno wokuqhubela phambili, ukukhula nokukhula. Ukwesaba uluvo lukawonkewonke kunzima kakhulu ukunqanda, kuba umntu akakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle koluntu. Ngenxa yokungabikho kweengcamango, amaphupha kunye neenqwenela, ubomi buba grey kwaye buthathaka, kwaye kwabanye abantu, imiphumo ingaba yingozi, ingakumbi ukuba abazali bayayigqala imibono yabantu kwaye bavusa umntwana ngomoya ofanayo. Ukwesaba ukugxekwa kwenza umntu angazi kakuhle, aphelelwe amandla, abe neentloni kwaye akanakulungelelanisi.
Ukuxhomekeka kwimbono yoluntu
Abantu bakhululekile ngokupheleleyo kwimibono yabanye abayiyo. Ubuntu obunelisekile abuchaphazeli kakhulu kuye, kodwa abantu abaneenkathazo ezininzi kunye nokuzithoba kwabo bahluphekile kunabanye. Abo banomdla kubo baxhomekeke kuninzi kwiimbono zoluntu banokuphendula ukuba banokuthobeka, abantu ababuthathaka, bazilungiselela ngokwabo. Kungenzeka ukuba, njengomntwana, abazali abazange babadumise nonke, kodwa behlala behlazekile kwaye bahlakulele isithunzi sabo. Uloyiko loluntu uluvo oluphezulu kunenyaniso, injongo, umsebenzi, uthando.
Unokuma njani ngokuxhomekeka kwimbono yoluntu?
Akulula, kodwa yonke into iyinyani xa kukho umnqweno. Abo banomdla wendlela yokulahla uluvo loluntu, kufuneka nje ukuba uqonde ukuba umntu ngamnye uhlukile kwaye akajongi mntu. Nangona kunjalo abantu abaninzi banomdla wokwenza umdla kumntu wabo. Enyanisweni, abantu abavame ukunyamekela umntu. Akukho mntu ufuna ukubheka ubuqhetseba, inkohlakalo, isisiphukuphuku okanye ukungabi nzuzo emehlweni abantu, kodwa lowo ongenzi nto akenzi iimpazamo.
Uluntu luya kufumana, kuba kukuphi na ukugxeka nayiphi na umntu, kodwa xa uguqula ukugxekwa ngokulungileyo, unako ukukhululeka. Ukugxeka kunceda ukukhula komntu , kunika ithuba lokuziphucula. Ifundisa ukuphulaphula nokuva, ukuxolela, ukukrazula izinto ezingafaniyo. Umntu ngamnye akafezekanga kwaye unelungelo lokwenza impazamo, kufuneka nje azenzele ithuba lokwenza iphutha, kodwa angayikuzigxeka ngokwakhe, kodwa asebenzise amava athola ukuqhubela phambili umgomo wakhe.