Ukuqulunqwa nokuphuhliswa kobuntu

I-Psychology ihlukanisa iindlela ezininzi zokufunda iingcamango ezisisiseko, imithetho yokwakha, ukuphuhliswa komntu ngamnye. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele apha ukuba ukungafani okona kubalulekile ekuqondeni oko kushukumisela ukuba imikhosi ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa, yintoni impembelelo yehlabathi elijikelezayo ekubunjweni.

Iingcamango ngasinye zengqondo zithatha ngendlela eyona nto ibalulekileyo malunga nokubunjwa nokuphuhliswa kobuntu: Ngako-ke, imfundiso yezinto zibonisa ukuba yonke into idalwe ngexesha lokuphila, kwaye iimpawu zobuntu ziguqulwa ngokwemiqathango engeyiyo yemvelo.

Iimfundiso ze-Psychoanalytic zikholelwa ukuba ukuphuhliswa kufuneka kuthathelwe njengento eguqulekileyo yobomi bomntu ngamnye ekusebenzisaneni noluntu, ngelixa uhlakulela iindlela zokuhlangabezana neeminqweno ezichazwe "ngongqongqo" (ngamanye amazwi, izikhokelo zokuziphatha zomntu ngamnye).

Ingcamango yolwazi lwentlalo ibona kule nkqubo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisana phakathi komntu ngamnye. I-Humanistic ithatha uphuhliso kunye nokuphuhliswa kobuntu njengenkqubo yokuzimela.

Imithetho yokwakheka nokuphuhliswa kobuntu kwizengqondo zanamhlanje

Abaphengululi behlabathi lonke baqwalasela lo mbandela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqiniswa kwindlela ekujoliswe ngayo kuhlalutyo loluntu oluhlangeneyo. Le ngcamango ihlola amanyathelo okuphuhliswa komntu ngokwaso kwindlela yokujonga ukuguqulwa kwamanye amazwe kwicala ngalinye. Into ephambili kwingcamango yokudibanisa ingcamango yengqondo ye-Erickson.

I-psychoanalyst inamathela kumgaqo obizwa ngokuba ngu-epigenetic (ebomini babo bonke abantu kukho izigaba ezithile, ezilungiselelwe ngamagciwane, apho ubuntu buvela ekuzalweni kuze kube sekupheleni). Ngokutsho kweemfundiso zakhe, ukwakheka komntu kuququzelelwa kwinkqubo ye-multistage. Icandelo ngalinye libonakaliswe ngenguqu ekuphuhlisweni kwangaphakathi kwehlabathi lomntu, ubudlelwane bakhe nabanye.

U-Erickson wenza igalelo elikhulu ekufundweni kwezinto zokubunjwa nokuphuhliswa kobuntu, ekufumaneni, ekuchazeni ixesha eliphambili leenkathazo kunye nezigaba zokuphuhliswa komntu ngamnye.

Iingxaki zobomi

U-Erickson wayekholelwa ukuba iingxaki zobomi beengqondo zihlangene nobomi bomntu ngamnye kuthi:

1. Unyaka wokuqala yinkathazo yokudibana nehlabathi elitsha.
2. Iminyaka engama-2-3-ixesha lomzabalazo wokuzimela kunye neentloni.
3. Iminyaka engama-3-7-isicwangciso-mthetho silwa nomntu onetyala.
4. Iminyaka engama-7-13-inkcaso yomnqweno womsebenzi kunye nobunzima obuphantsi.
5. Iminyaka eyi-13-18-ukungqubuzana kokuzimela njengomntu ngamnye kunye nomntu oyimfene.
6. Iminyaka engama-20-intlalontle, ukusondelana nokuxhomekeka kwangaphakathi.
7. Iminyaka engama-30-60-umnqweno wokufundisa isizukulwana esincinane, kwaye ungagcini ngaphakathi kwakho.
8. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 - ukwaneliseka, ukunyanzela ubomi bomntu ngokuchasene nokulahlwa.

Amanyathelo okuphuhlisa kunye nokwakhiwa

1. Isigaba sokuqala (1 weminyaka yobomi): kunomnqweno wokunxibelelana nabantu, okanye ukukhutshwa kuluntu kunye nabo.
2. Isigaba sesibini (iminyaka engama-2-3): ukuzimela, ukuzithemba.
3. Iyesithathu, yesine (iminyaka emi-3 ukuya ku-7-13): inzululwazi, ukukhuthaza, umnqweno wokuhlola ihlabathi jikelele, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono zombini kunye nokuqonda.
4. Isigaba sesithandathu (iminyaka engama-13-20): isondo kunye nokuzimisela ubomi.
5. Eyesithandathu (iminyaka engama-20-50): ukwaneliseka ngokoqobo, imfundo yesizukulwana esizayo.
6. I sixhenxe (iminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-60): ngokuzeleyo, ubomi bokudala, ukuziqhenya kubantwana babo.
7. Okwesibhozo (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60): ukukwazi ukwamukela iingcinga ngokufa, ukuhlaziywa kwempumelelo, ukuhlaziywa kwezenzo, izigqibo zexesha elidlulileyo.