Ukubetha - kukuthini ukufumanisa nokulwa nokuxhatshazwa esikolweni, emsebenzini, kwintsapho?

Ukuqhuma - le nto yenzelwe ukususela kwimihla yamandulo nakwihlabathi lanamhlanje ukukhula kwayo. Kukholelwa ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwabamantombazana, ngokungafani namakhwenkwe, kunokwakheka kwengqondo ngokugqithiseleyo kwixhoba, amantombazana athe kakhulu kwiindlela zentshutshiso, ezingabonakaliyo kumagqabantshintshi kwi-psyche yexhoba.

Ukubetha - yintoni na?

Ukubuthwa kuvela kwiNgesi ye-bulling-harassment, kwaye isenzo sobundlobongela, ukuhlaselwa ngokukrakra ngendlela yokuhlambalaza, ukuhlaziswa, kubangela ukulimala komntu omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwabantu, abantwana ngenjongo yokungeniswa. Kuqhutyelwa kwinqanaba lokuqala nge-1-2 instigators okanye iinkomo, ngokubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngcembe kweklasi lonke, iqela okanye iqela. Ukuxuba kunye nokuxhatshazwa kuxhamla. Ukubhukuda "ukuhlamba", umzekelo, xa umntu oqalayo evela kwisikolo okanye iqela, kwaye ngokungafani nokuxhashazwa, ushutshiso olusetyenziswayo kuphela.

Izizathu zokuxhatshazwa

Kutheni ungeke ukwazi ukuxhatshazwa kweentlalo kunye neengqondo (intshutshiso)? Esi sizathu sezizathu, enye yezobundlobongela basekhaya, kunye neenkomo ngokwabo zihlala zixhoba kwiintsapho zabo. Umnqweno wokuhlazisa okanye ukukhubaza abanye ukhula ngenxa yokungahlambuluki, inkunzi yenkomo ayikwazi ukulawula imeko yobudlova basekhaya, kodwa kuluntu, isikolo, unokuyenza, kwaye uzive ephethe amandla ezandleni zakhe.

Ezinye izizathu:

• ukutshatyalaliswa - ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-hormone (ukulungiswa kwakhona), kukho ukukhululwa egazini lezinga eliphezulu le-testosterone kunye ne-adrenaline kwiintsholongwane, ezinokubangela ukwanda okukhulu;
• ukunyaniseka kwintlungu;
• umnqweno wokuba kujoliswe kuyo;
• nqanaba eliphezulu lokufuna.

Amaxhoba okuxhatshazwa

Kutheni ikhetho liwa lixhoba liwela kumntwana othile-kunzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kunokuba kubangelwa zizizathu zento ngokwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amaxhoba esikhoxwa yikolo:

• abafundi abaphumelelanga;
• abantwana abanesiphiwo;
• abantwana abakhubazekileyo;
• abantwana ootitshala;
• izikhalazo kunye nokunyelisa;
• abantwana kwiintsapho ezihluphekileyo;
• abamele abancinci bezesondo ;
• abameli bezinye iintlanga;
• abantwana abaneengcinga ezingavamile;
• ozithandayo ootitshala.

Psychology of bullying

Isiseko sobundlobongela, ubundlobongela, luqulethe izinto ezintathu zesakhiwo: umntu ophishekelayo u-bullie okanye inkunzi, ixhoba kunye nababonayo. Kunqabile kakhulu kukho inxalenye yesine - umkhuseli. Ukufunda ubunzima bexhatshazwa, izazi zeengqondo zafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba iimvakalelo ezinjengomona, ukungathandi, ukucinga okungekho sikweni, umnqweno wokuzimela ungabangela ukubunjwa kwesi sidima kwimeko yesikolo. Ukuxhaswa kwe-bulling - le nto imbuyekezo encinci yemvakalelo yexhoba, ukuba abantu abadala ngokukhawuleza babone ubukho bokuxhatshazwa kunye nokwenziwa kwamanyathelo.

Iintlobo zokuxhaphaza

Iintlobo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwahlukileyo zihlulwe ngohlobo lwefuthe kumntu ngamnye. Ingaba yindlobongela emzimbeni ngokubangela ukulimala komzimba kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwengqondo. Ulwahlulo olunemiqathango, ngenxa yokubangela ukulimala ngokwasemzimbeni kunxulumene nokunyuka kwesimo sengqondo, nokuba ngumntwana okanye umntu omdala owaziyo ukuzimela, ukuba unxungupheko olufanelekileyo, zombini umzimba kunye nomoya womntu obandezelekayo, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kobundlobongela besondo.

Ukubetha esikolweni

Ukuxhatshazwa kwesikolo kubandakanya ukunyanzeliswa kwabanye abantwana, okanye kwinqanaba elipheleleyo lomntu onobuthi. Oku kwenzeka ekuqaleni, ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoko ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ihleli njalo. Kukho imbonakalo ebalulekileyo yobundlobongela esikolweni:

1. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwenyama - umntwana uthatyathwa, unikezelwa iikhabhi, ukukhaba, ngamanye amaxesha kubangela ukulimala komzimba.
2. Ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo - impembelelo kwi-psyche nge:

• izinsongelo;
• ukukhawuleza;
• ntshutshiso;
• soyiko;
• ukuxhoma ama-imeyile amanxeba, amalebula;
• ukubethelwa kweentengiso, ukuzodwa;
• ukuphangwa kwemali, izinto zobuqu.

Uhlobo olutsha lokuxhatshazwa kwengqondo - ukuxhatshazwa kwe-cyber. Nge-imeyile, abathunywa bexeshana kumntwana baqala ukuthumela izibheno ezimbi, imifanekiso, ukuhlambalaza isithunzi seetekisi, kunokusongelwa yiosongelo zokuhlambalaza. Ukwahlukana phakathi kokuxhatshazwa kwe-cyber kunye neyendabuko kukuba i-bullet ayibonakali, engabonakaliyo, eyonakalisa isimo sengqondo somntwana, ngenxa yokuba ingozi, ingozi ayibonakalwanga, kwaye le nto igxininisa ubuntu.

Ukuxhatshazwa emsebenzini

Ukunyanzeliswa kwengqondo kubalingane emsebenzini akuqhelekanga. Kuyo nayiphi na ingqoqo, unokufumana umntu onobugovu okanye imvana yokuxhela. Ukuqhuma emsebenzini emsebenzini wokulwa, iingcebiso zeengqondo zeengqondo:

• ukwandisa ubuchule babo, ukuba bangenakunyuswa kwiofisi yabo, akukho mntu uya kukwazi ukubeka ityala lokungahambi kakuhle;
• ukulungelelanisa umenzi ongenakucetyiswa, oku kuya kuqinisa ukwenyusa kwakhe, makamemeza, akhubekise, ade aphelelwe amandla, unokuzichazela ukuba "nabani na owenza ubuhlungu, yiloo nto athethayo", kulo mzekelo uyakhala;
• Kubalulekile ukufumana abantu abanomdla-bangabasebenzi abaye baxhatshazwa ngaphambili;
• kufuna uncedo kubaphathi;
• ukuba intshutshiso iyaqhubeka, njengento yokukhetha, cela umkhokeli ukuba uthumele kwenye iyunithi.

Ukuxhatshazwa kwintsapho

Ukuxhatshazwa kwentsapho - into eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, izimbangela zayo ziseburhulumenteni (i-genetic predisposition in the form of accentuation of character), ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, ezonyango nezengqondo. Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zentshutshiso kwintsapho:

1. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwemvelo - umonakalo owenziweyo kwimpilo yomntwana, elinye ilungu lentsapho elinokulimala, ukulimala emzimbeni.
2. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo - ukubandakanyeka komntwana ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe kwizenzo zesondo zabantu abadala, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zesini.
3. Ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo - ukuthotywa kwesidima somntwana, ubundlobongela kumntu ngoncedo lokuhlambalaza, umntwana owenziwe ngeengqondo ze-psychopathological.

Indlela yokujongana noxhatshazo?

Indlela yokuyeka ukuxhatshazwa - kulo mbandela ophezulu osebenza ngabasebenzi beengqondo, iintloko zamaziko emfundo, ukuphelisa ukuxhatshazwa kunzima, ukuba konke ukususela ekuqaleni kwakunyanzeliswa kwaye ubundlobongela bukhula. Ukuthintela yindlela yokuphela kwayo yonke into ekugqibeleni, ngoko imiphumo ayinto encinci kwaye ayidanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkunzi zeenkomo zivela kwiintsapho ezihlelelekileyo, ngoko ukulungisa iziphazamiso zokuziphatha, ukusebenza neentsapho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulwa nokuxhatshazwa.

Indlela yokuchonga ukuxhatshazwa?

Njani ukuxhatshazwa? Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukhangeleke, oku kusebenza nakwiimeko ezithile xa umzali ephawula ukuba kukho into engafanelekanga kumntwana wakhe kunye nokubonwa ngutitshala we-microclimate eklasini kunye nomnqweno jikelele wabafundi bonke bokufundisa nokulawula ukujonga nokugcina ubomi besikolweni ngokubanzi. Oku kusenza sikwazi ukubona iimeko zokuxhatshazwa kwinqanaba lokuqala, xa amanyathelo okunyanzelisa ayenokuchaphazeleka kwaye anciphise ukukhathazeka kwengqondo. Yintoni ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngabazali kunye nootitshala:

• umntwana, intombazana ngexesha lotshintsho, iimpendulo kumntu wonke ngasecaleni, uxoxisana nomntu, ukhangelekile;
• impilo yomfundi iyancipha, ukubonakaliswa kweengqondo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngendlela yezifo zokuphefumula;
• edeskini umfundi uhlala yedwa, akukho mntu ufuna ukuhlala naye (ngokuqhelekileyo ekugqibeleni kwiidkski zemiqolo);
• kwiinguqulelo, okanye emva kweemfundo ungabona umfanekiso wendlela iqela labafana elinde umntu ekhangelelene, ngelixa evakalelwa ngumsindo;
• kwigumbi lokudlela, unokwenkqisa ukuba into ephosakeleyo xa omnye wabafundi ehlala ethenga ukutya komnye (ngokuqhelekileyo abafundi abasebancinci bathenga isidlo sasemini kubafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo);
• Abazali banokuqaphela ukuba umntwana uye wacela imali "yeemfuno" zeklasi, ngoko kubalulekile ukufumanisa le ngongoma kumfundisi weklasi;
• umntwana ebuyela ekhaya ecindezelekileyo, uya esikolweni ngokungafuni.

Ukuxhatshazwa

Ukuthintela ukuxhatshazwa esikolweni kufuneka kwakhiwe yimizamo edibeneyo yootitshala, izixhobo zokulawula kunye nabazali, ngoko kuphela enye inokuthetha ngempumelelo. Ukubetha esikolweni indlela yokulwa - ukuthintela:

• ukudalwa kweemeko esikolweni ezingavumeli ukubonakala koxhatshazo;
• ukuba imeko yexhatshazo ingazange kwenzeke, imilinganiselo yokusebenza ibalulekile: ukwahlukana nexhoba kunye nenkunzi, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ingcinezelo;
• sebenze nabantwana ukuqinisa ubuntu kunye nomoya, ukuzisebenzisa ukuxhatshazwa;
• Ukuqulunqa iifom zokuxhatshazwa ezenzeka esikolweni;
• ingxoxo yengxaki kumgangatho weeklasi, abasebenzi bezandla;
• Incoko kunye neenkunzi kunye nabazali babo;
• Ukulungiswa kokuziphatha kakubi komfundi onobudlova, sebenze nentsapho yakhe.

Imiphumo yokuxhatshazwa

I-Bulling ishiya uphawu olungapheliyo kwi-psyche yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kule nkqubo. Ixhoba lokuxhatshazwa yinkqubo echaphazelekayo kunye nemiphumo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ixesha elide litshutshiso ngayo. Izifo eziphambili zengqondo zisoloko zinciphisa ukuzithemba, ukuhlanganiswa kwesimo "sexhoba", izifo ezihlukahlukeneyo zengqondo, ukwakheka kweengxaki ze-psychological and phobias. Kunzima ukuba phakathi kwamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa kwimivuzo ephezulu yokuzibulala .

Iibhokhwe nazo zijongene nemiphumo yokuziphatha kwazo ezibhubhisayo, kuba ngabantu abadala, zibukeka zizisola ngokwabo kwixesha elidlulileyo, umva wecala kunye nehlazo lihamba kunye nabo bonke ubomi babo. Ukuphawula okunjalo emphefumlweni akuvumeli ukuba uphile ubomi obuzeleyo, umntu udla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokwengqondo ngaloo mizuzu kwaye ngokungathi uyazama ukuwalungisa ngengqondo. Kodwa phakathi kwabaxhasi kunye nabaninzi abadibanisa ubomi babo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye baqhubeke besenza izenzo ezichaphazelayo abantu kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Imbopheleleko yokuxhatshazwa ikhona kwaye izenzo zeenkunzi zezonkunzi zijeziswa ngokungekho sikweni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku.

Kukho uluhlu lwababukeli okanye ababukeli ababona ukuxhatshazwa, kodwa kudlula, umgaqo wokungabikho ukuphazamiseka kubiza ixhoba lokuxhatshazwa, kodwa ushiya umshicilelo emphefumlweni womntu okhangeleyo: ilizwi lesazela lidityaniswe, umntu uyaba ngumntu ongenamdla, ongenamdla, ongenamfesane novelwano, ngenxa yeempendulo zokukhusela i-atrophy.