I-Serum ebizwa nge-plasma, engenayo i-fibrinogen-protein izakhiwo. Oku akuthethi ukuba i-serum ayinalutho. Iqulethe izinto ezininzi, ezifanele zifundwe ngokubanzi.
Ukubaluleka kwe-serum yegazi kumzimba
I-Serum yinkalo ephambili ye-plasma, kukubonga ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kuqhutywa. Kule nxalenye yezolimo izondlo ziphela. I-Serum iyinxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuthuthweni kwama-hormone, amaminerali kunye namavithamini, kunye nokuhlambulula umzimba weesxibisi.
Kwiyeza, i-serum yegazi ihlambulukile imfuno yokuvelisa inani lamachiza. Ulawulo lweSerum luvame ukusetyenziswa ekutyunjweni kokuvuselelwa emva kokuhlinzwa, kwakunye nokunyanga kwegazi. Ukuhlalutya kwe-serum yegazi kukuvumela ukuba ubone iimbangela zokuphazamiseka kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okupheliswa kwawo ngokukhawuleza.
Izixhobo eziqulethwe kwi-serum
Igazi lalo mntu uqulethe i-cholesterol. Kungekudala, kuyimangalelo yakhe yokwandisa i-pathologies ehambelana nesimo senhliziyo. Enyanisweni, i-cholesterol iyimfuneko ekuveliseni i-hormone yesini, umsebenzi wengqondo kunye nokuvuselelwa kweseli.
Kwiimeko zebhubhoratri, ukuxinwa kwe-cholesterol ye-serum egazini izimisele ukusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezizodwa. Njengomthetho, isiqhelo:
- umxholo weepoprotein eziphantsi kwe-piprotein ukuya kwi-2.59 mmol / l.;
- I-high-density lipoprotein ephuma kwi-1.55 mmol / l;
- umxholo we-cholesterol eyi-5.18 mmol / l.
I-creatinine ene-serum yinto ebalulekileyo efunekayo kwiinkqubo zamandla. Imveliso ye-creatinine yenziwa ngoncedo lwe-genitourinary system, ngoko ke inkcazo yesalathiso isetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-diagnostic pathologies.
Inkcazo ye-serum creatinine ibalwa kwi-μmol / ilitha kwaye ixhomekeke kwinqanaba leminyaka:
- iintsana - 27-88;
- ukuya ku-18-35;
- ukuya kwi-12 iminyaka-27-62;
- abaselula - 44-88;
- mabhinqa - 44-97;
- madoda - 62-132.
Kufunekayo kwi-serum potassium yegazi. Iqondo leemaminerali kwi-plasma lixhomekeke kwisixa sezinto ezingenayo ukusuka ngaphandle, umxholo kwisakhiwo samaselula kunye ne-extracellular fluid, kunye nesantya sokuphuma ngaphandle komzimba. Isalathisi se potassium ibalwa nge mmol / litre kwaye kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba leminyaka:
- Iintsana - 3,7-5,9;
- abantwana ukuya kunyaka - 4,1-5,3;
- ukuya kwi-14 iminyaka - 3.4-4.7;
- ukususela ngo-14 ukuya ku-3.5-5.1.
Kuhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo, izinga leenzyme kwi-serum lichongiwe. Kule meko, sithetha ngeengxaki zendalo ze-plasma, i-concentration ephantsi edla ngokuthetha ngokuqokelela kwe-inhibitors okanye ukunciphisa umsebenzi wokwenziwa kwamaseli. Ukongezelela, ii-enzyme ezingabalulekanga ukuba zibekho kwi-plasma ziyafumaneka:
- Iintsholongwane zemisipha yamathambo zihamba kunye nokutshintshwa koxinzelelo lwe-dehydrogenase, kunye ne-CK, i-isoenzyme yemisipha.
- Izifo ze-pancreas ziboniswa kwinqanaba le-α-amylase ne lipase.
- Izifo zethambo zamathambo zihamba kunye neenguqu kwiindices ze-aldolase, kunye ne-alkaline phosphatase.
- Ngeentsholongwane ze-prostate gland, izinga le-acid phosphatase lichongiwe.
- Kwiimeko zesifo sesibindi kukho ukuphulwa kwe-alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, kunye ne-sorbitol dehydrogenase.
- Iingxaki ze-bile ducts zibangela utshintsho kwinqanaba le glutamyltranspeptidase kunye ne-alkaline phosphatase.
I-Serum inceda ama-hormone ezithuthi. Ngoko ke, egazini inokufunyanwa:
- prolactin;
- iHymmone yokukhula ;
- i-corticotropin;
- ihomoni ye-thyroid-stimulating;
- adrenaline;
- dopamine;
- insulini;
- cortisol;
- progesterone;
- testosterone .
Kwaye oku akuwona onke amahomoni, inqanaba lalo linokumiselwa ngokufunda nge-serum yegazi.