Evergreen bush pepino (okanye i-melon pear) ivela eMzantsi Melika. Igama lalo alizange likhawuleze. Iziqhamo zayo zifana nepey in shape, kodwa inambitha njenge-melon. Bawuphelisa ngokunyanisekileyo ukoma kwabo baze bahlaziye. Isiqhamo sinokudliwa esiluhlaza, songezwe kumasaladi, esomileyo, esiqhenyiweyo, esenziwe ngamakhakheni, ukupheka iziqhamo ezikhethiweyo okanye i-jam.
I-Melon Pear Pear
Abalimi abaninzi bayazibuza malunga ne-pepino - yintoni esi sityalo, esiye saxhaphaka kwiminyaka yamuva? I nkcubeko ibhekisela kwintsapho yeSolanaceae, njengotamatati okanye iitatata . Isityalo sisitrato esisisigxina, esomeleleyo, esine-semi-arboreal shrub enokuphakama kwama-1.5m kunye ne-stem ubukhulu be-5-7 mm. Kuphela, ikhulile kwindawo evulekile okanye evaliweyo.
Iifreath zePepin ziqokelelwa kwi-inflorescences, ezifana nezitamatisi. Iintyatyambo zi-creamy, ziphuzi okanye i-orange, inyama ihlanganiswe ngesikhumba esinezibetho ezimnyama, imbewu ngaphakathi zingancinci. Isiqhamo sinamnandi kwaye sinomuncu ukunambitha kwaye sinamanzi amaninzi, sinokude ukuya kwi-17 cm kunye nobukhulu be-750 grams. Ngethuba elivela kwinqaba, kunokwenzeka ukuba kususwe kwi-7 kg yeziqhamo, kunye nokulima emibhobho-5 kg. Isiqhamo sinomsoco kwaye sixabisekileyo-sityebi kwi-carotene, isinyithi, i-pectin, iivithamini, iodode.
Amabanga asePepino
I-melon pear ineentlobo ezimbini ezikhethekileyo ezikhulayo kwimimandla yethu yelizwe-Consuelo kunye neRamses. Ziyaziwa phakathi kwabalimi, ukususela ngo-2000 zifakwe ngokusemthethweni kwiRejista kaRhulumente njengona themba kakhulu. Iimpawu zeentlobo zasekhaya ze-melon pear:
- Pepino Ramses . Ukuvuna, ukuvuthwa kwangaphambili, ukuchasene nezinto ezinobungozi kwibakala. Iziqu zakhe zimila, ziguquguquke, ziluhlaza ngokufakelwa kwe-violet. Iintlobo zinombala ophuzi, phantse imichilo engapheliyo, i-orange pulp, isisindo sibe ngu-750 grams. Ngamanye amaxesha unomdla omncinci we-peppery, kwaye i-melon ibonakaliswa ngokunyanisekileyo.
- Pepino Consuelo . Kwakhona ukuvumela, kodwa kuncinci ukuxhathisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukuvuthwa kwexesha elide. Isityalo sine-lilac esicuthakathayo esingaxhamli sisuka kwi-2 m ubude. Amaqabunga afana namacwecwe epilisi. Iziqhamo zikaConuelo zinemibala ebomvu, zinemibala ebomvu kwimvelaphi eluhlaza. Uncedo oluphambili lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo lubalaseleyo iimpawu zeepalpino njengeziqhamo. Unomdla omnandi kunye omuncu, ofana ne-melon. Ukuba isiqhamo sivuthwa, siyancipha kakhulu kangangokuthi kunokunxila njengejusi nge-straw. Iziqhamo zincinci kunezo zeRamses, ubunzima babo bufikelela kuma-gram 620.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-pepino?
I-peotic peotic kulula ukuyihlakulela ngoncedo lwembewu okanye ukusika. Nangona yinkcubeko yexesha elide, ithatha ingcambu rhoqo ngonyaka, njengoko yenziwe ngeetamatato okanye pepper. Isityalo sithanda ilanga kunye nokufudumala, ukususela ekutyaleni izithombo ukuvunwa kuthatha iinyanga ezine-5. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokuphuhliswa kokubambisana kwee-pepino, ukukhula kweziqhamo ezinjalo ekhaya ngu-18-25 ° C. Kulo bushushu ngaphezu kwama-26 ° C, isiqhamo asikwazi ukubopha.
I-Pepino - ekhulayo evela kwimbewu
Ukuze ufumane umsila omdala we-pepino ukusuka kwimbewu ekhaya ngoMeyi, ukutyala kuqala ngoNovemba-Disemba. Imbewu ifafazwe kancane ngomhlaba ovulekileyo. Ukugcina umswakama, izithombo zihlanganiswa nefilimu. Izithombo ziyahlanjululwa emva kweentsuku ezingama-5-7. Ngeli xesha amahlumela adinga ukukhanya kokukhanya kwesibane. Kwisigaba samaqabunga ama-2-3, izithombo zifakwe kwiikomityi, zijonge kwii-cotyledon kunye nesigubungelo kunye nefilimu. Ukubuyiselwa kwemida kuncitshiswe kwiiyure ezili-14 ngosuku, kufutshane noMatshi kuphelile. Ngethuba lokufika kumhlaba ovulekileyo, amahlumela kufuneka afinyelele kwi-10 cm ukuphakama kunye nefomini eziyi-8.
Ukuzaliswa kweepilip by cuttings
Ukukhula nokwandisa i-melon pear kunye neenqwelo ezikhuselekileyo. Kunyaka ngamnye ukukhulisa isiqhamo ngokwakho, kufuneka ube ne-uterine shrub. Isityalo esinempilo esikhethiweyo ekwindla sidluliselwa kwisibhaka kwaye siswe endlwini. Iibhotshi ziyanciphisa enye yesithathu, ukucwiliswa kuncitshisiwe, isiqithi kufuneka sigcinwe kukushisa kwe-8 ° C. Ekupheleni kwebusika, itanki ifakwe kwigumbi kunye neemeko + 16 ° C, ukwandisa ukuthambisa.
Kulo mbuzo, xa iinqununu ze-pepino, abagadi begadi abanamava baphendula - phakathi koFebruwari. Ukusuka kwiimifanekiso eziqingqiweyo, inxalenye ye-apical yokudubula kunye namaqabunga ama-7 iyahlukana. Iingaphantsi kwe-2 zisuswe, amahlumela afakwa emanzini, emva kweentsuku ezingama-5-7, iingcambu zixutywa ngamandla. Emva koko izityalo zihlonyelwe kwiikomityi ezilahlayo kunye nezimbobo zokususa amanzi, zinyamekelwa phambi kokuba ixesha lokungena kwi-substrate.
Ukunyamekela
I-melon pear ikhulile kwi-greenhouse, kwindawo evulekileyo okanye kwimibhobho ene-5 litres. Kwifesitheni evaliweyo, izityalo zityalwe phakathi no-Apreli, oku kuya kuvumela ukunyusa izityalo zityalo kwaye ufumane isivuno sokuqala. Kwindawo efihliweyo, kulula ukukhula isityalo - apho ungalungisa ukushisa. Kwiindawo ezivulekile zomhlaba we-melon pear ezityalwe kamva - ngoMeyi, ngelixa ubungozi beqabunga busuku buba buncinci. Xa ebuzwa indlela yokuphakamisa i-pepino ekhaya, i-dacha iyacetyiswa ukuba ithathe i-tub ngesiqithi ebhaleni kwimini efudumeleyo. Inkcubeko idinga umoya omtsha kunye nelanga.
Indlela yokutshala i-pepino?
Ngaphambi kokutyala i-substrate ye-sprout ibhetele ukusingatha isisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ukufika kwe-Pepino kunye nokunyamekela:
- Imiqolo ilungiswe ngexesha eliphakathi kwe-70 cm;
- isichumiso sisetyenzisiweyo: umquba 4 kg / m 2;
- Izityalo zityalwe ngokucwangcisa ukuze kubekho ikhefu lama-50 cm phakathi kwamahlathi;
- Imbewu iyomanzi kwaye ihlanganiswe nomhlaba owomileyo. Oku kunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi, kwaye kuphucula izimo zokukhula kweentlobo;
- kulungele ukufika ngokuhlwa.
I-melon tree of pepino - umhlaba
Isiqithi se-melon pear ivakalelwa kakuhle emhlabathini nge-acidity neutral, iyancipha. Umhlaba kufuneka ube ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen engaphezulu, okubangela ukukhula okuqinileyo kwesitshixo ngexabiso lokuzala. Abaphambili phambili be-pepino kuleli lizwe banamanisi, ikhukhamba, iimbotyi , igalikhi. Emva kokuvuna isivuno esidala, umhlaba ugoba, uhluthwe ukhula kunye nokuhlala kweengcambu.
Ngomhla, umquba kunye nemigodi ye-potash i-phosphorus isondeza kuyo. Ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba ukhulula kwakhona ukugcina umswakama kuwo. Ukondla i-melon pear yenziwa ngenyanga. Ukupasa kwiprayimari kwenziwe 10-14 emva kweentsuku emva kokungena, okwesibini - emva kokuba isiqhamo siboshwe, emva kweeveki ezimbini. Isityalo siphendula kakuhle kumgquba (1: 7), okanye iintonti zeentaka (1:20).
I-Pepino kwifestile-yokunisela
Xa ugqiba ukuhlakulela i-pepino ekhaya, kungcono ukuyigcina kwiwindow yezantsi, njengoko inothando kakhulu. Ukuhambisa i-melon pear evulekileyo okanye ngaphakathi kwimoko kuyimfuneko ngokulinganiselayo - ayifuni ukuphuma kwamanzi kwaye kulula ukumangaliswa ne-root root. Hlulela umhlaba yonke imihla embalwa, akudingeki ukuba uvumele ukuba kumile - ngexesha elifanayo iingcambu ezincinci ziyafa, kwaye isityalo silahla amahlamvu kunye ne-ovary. Amanzi asePepper athululelwa ngoko, ukuba isitya sobumba somile kwi-1 cm enzulu.
Xa iPepino Consuelo iqhakaza?
Uyakuvuyela nge-melon pear ezili-70-85 iintsuku emva kokuvela. I-Corollas ekuphambeni kufana neendatato. Iintyatyambo ezininzi ziqokelelwa ngamaqela, ukuya kumaqhekeza angama-20 nganye. Iipalali zinamacwecwe amhlophe kunye ne-lilac. Izithelo zibophelelwe ekupheleni kukaMatshi ukuya kuMeyi. Isityalo sizenzele impova, kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba sisitye ngobumnene ukuze kusetyenziswe isiqhamo ngexesha lokusila. NgoJuni, emva kokuba iintsuku zibe zide kwaye iqondo lokushisa liphakama, i-ovary ayisakhiwa.
Ukubuza ukuba kungani i-Pepino ingaqhakazi, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba le nkcubeko inothando, kodwa ifuna i-microclimate ethile. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokubunjwa kwe-ovary ziyi-20-25 degrees. Kulula ukuyidala kwindawo yokugcina indlu. Xa unakekela isityalo kwindawo evulekile, kukho iingxaki ezininzi. Ihlobo elihle kwihlobo elingu-30? C isityalo asiqhakazi okanye kukho i-corollas emhlophe eyakhiweyo, evele iquke. Iziqhamo zibophelwa kuphela kwiimvumba kunye nemivimbo ye-lilac.
Ukuba izimo zifanelekile, i-exot iya kuvuyela iziqhamo ezinomsila ngoSeptemba. Ukususela ngexesha lokubonakala kweentyantyambo ukuya kuvuthwa kweziqhamo kuthatha iinyanga ezi-2.5-3. Ngalesi sikhathi bathambile, bafumane umbala ophuzi okanye ocoliweyo, kwi-peel ibonakale imicu ye-lilac ebonakalayo. Isiqhamo esivuthiweyo sinyanzeliswe ngokulula ngeminwe, nangaphezulu kwincatato. Izityalo kufuneka zisuswe kwisityalo ngexesha - i-pear encinci engapheliyo ilula ngokukhawuleza kwifriji, apho ingagcinwa khona kwiinyanga ezi-2.
Ndiqala nini iphepha?
Ukwamkelwa okufunekayo ekuhlaleni i-pepino melon (i-melon) - i-pasynkovanie kunye ne-tie up of plant. Inkcubeko kakhulu inzima kunye neenkqubo ezininzi. Amanqwanqwa asuswa xa efikelela ubude obuyi-3-5 cm. Kulo mbuzo kufuneka ushiye i-penechki encinci (0.5-1 cm), ekhusela ukubonakala kwamashishini amashishini afanayo. Ihlathi likwacetyiswa ukuba lihloniphe rhoqo - ngeveki.
Emva kokuba izityalo zityalwe, ebhedeni kufuneka ulungise izixhaswa (iibhobho, ukufakwa, izikhonkwane zokhuni) kunye nokuphakama kwama-80 cm. Njengoko iziqu zikhula, zibophelelwe ukuhamba. Isityalo esingaphendulwanga ngaphandle kwe-pasynkovaniya phantsi kweempembelelo zaso isisindo somzimba, sisasazeka emhlabathini, amagatsha awo atyalela kwaye avelanga iziqhamo. Ukwakhiwa kwehlathi kunye ne-tie-up kwenza inkcubeko isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ngotshani olusantya.
Izifo ze-pepino
I-Pepino ichaphazeleka zizifo kunye nezidumbu ezinobungakanani beetamatati, ii-eggplants kunye nepelepele. Iingxaki eziphambili zokulima:
- Izinambuzane eziphambili zi-aphids, whitefly, Colorado beetle. Iifomenti zeekhemikhali ezichasene nazo ziyasetyenziswa: inambuzane (Actellik, Confidor, Fosbitsid) ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-whiteflies kunye nee-apidi; I-acaricides (iCarbofos) ukusuka kwizityalo zengqungquthela.
- Yandisa i-melon pear kunye nokugula: ikhupha ixhoba "umlenze omnyama", ukwenzela ukuba oku kungenzeki, i-substrate iphambi kwesisombululo se-manganese.
- Xa umhlaba ungaphezulu, ingcambu ibonakale isusa eso sifo, kuyimfuneko ukuyihlambalaza umhlaba nge-sulphate yobhedu, ukubuyisela umgangatho womhlaba ophezulu ngomhlaba omtsha, ukunciphisa ukuthambisa.
- Kwisiqingatha sesibini sityalo, i-shrub inokubetha i-phytophthora. Yilwa ngo kunceda ubisi lwamanzi okanye isicatshulwa iFitosporin - ityathwa kanye ngeveki.
- Isityalo sithinteka kwintsholongwane ye-nightshade bronchitis. Intsholongwane ayiphathwe, indlela ephezulu yokuthintela ukuveliswa kwayo kukususwa kwehlathi elichaphazelekayo.
Azikho iziyobisi zokulwa nezifo kunye neentsholongwane zepallip, kuba le ndlela ifanayo isetyenzisiweyo ekukhuseleni utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda kunye nezinye izityalo zendawo. Ukuze ungasebenzisi i-chemistry, unokwenza u-infusion we-tobacco, i-yarrow, i-garlic okanye i-peel ye-anyanisi kunye ne-spray pepino kwi-sprayer kanye ngeveki. Ngaphambi kokuba uthumele isampula semama ebusika, kufuneka ixiliswe ngezisombululo zokukhusela.