Ukugonywa kwe-plum ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye liqhutywe kakuhle lixazulula iingxaki ezininzi, kuba abaqalisi bokuqala abavavanya abafuna iimali-mali ezinkulu okanye amathuluzi angeniso. Ixesha kunye nemigudu iya kuhlawulwa ngokuphindwe kabini, ngenxa yoko uya kufunda indlela yokutshintsha iindidi ezindala ezincinci okanye ukufumana imbewu yakho esemgangathweni.
Ukupunta iplamu
Nabani na ofumene intsimi encinci kodwa enezityalo, ufuna ukwandisa inani leentlobo zezityalo ezikhulayo nezihlahla. Ngokuqhelekileyo isayithi sele iseneminyaka engafanelekanga iintlobo ezincinci ezifuthiweyo ezifuna ukutshintshwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kwiimarike sikhohliswa ngabemi abangenangqiqo, ukuhlutha izilwanyana okanye izityalo zezinto ezingaziwayo ezisezantsi ezinikezelayo esikhundleni somfazi ongumTshayina okanye iGiant oyifunayo. Iingxaki ezidweliswe zixazululwa yi-inoculation of plums, enokuyenza ngaphandle kokubandakanya iingcali ngokwazo.
Ukwenza umsebenzi uhlawule kwaye uvelise isiqhamo esimnandi emva kweminyaka emibini, kucetyiswa ukuba ufunde imigaqo yokunyamekela i-plum grafts kunye nobuchule bokuqala ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ngoku kukho iindlela ezingamakhulu amabini zokutshintsha iindidi kwimithi yezithelo, kodwa akudingeki ukwesaba, kwintsimi yasekhaya usebenzisa izilwanyana ezine ezidumileyo ezenziwa kwimozulu eshushu. Kuninzi kunqunywe ukutyunjwa okwenziwa emsebenzini. Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukutshintshisa izinto eziphathekayo ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kotywala lomama kwaye uchithe iphampu ngexesha elifutshane.
Ziziphi izicucu ezifanelekileyo zokufakela i-plums:
- Ipropum grafting material isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwefruiting plum yohlobo oluhlolwe ixesha,
- Kungcono ukuthatha ipempi yonyaka owodwa ngomthi ovuthiweyo,
- Isiqhamo kufuneka sikhule kwicala elikhanyayo kwinqanaba elingaphandle lesithsaba,
- Umgca ophakathi kwesithsaba ngowona khetho olukhethekileyo lokusika impahla, phezulu amahlumela anqamle, kwaye ukusuka ephantsi kuseloko kukhula okufutshane,
- ukusika izicucu mhlawumbi ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqabunga aqineleyo kwi-20 ° C,
- kulungele ukugcina isitshixo sokugcina ukususela kwi-40 cm ukuya kwi-50 cm ubude,
- kunqunywe entwasahlobo, amasebe angonakaliswa ngamaqabunga, ngokushisa okukhulu, iizintso zivame ukukhupha, ngokuqhelekileyo iziphumo zomsebenzi zibangelwa ngolu hlobo,
- I-vaccination efanelekileyo ifumaneka kwiimeko xa i-graft iselale, kwaye isithwathwa sesifikile kwindawo esebenzayo.
Kwiimeko zemozulu ezinzima, i-graft yayihlala igcinwe kwiibhola zeqhwa, ifafazwe phezulu kunye ne-sawdust, kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kwi-4-5 ° C efrijini. Kwiindawo eziphantsi kwekhephu ezisemzantsi, xa kukho izinto ezincinci, umntu unokusebenzisa iifriji zasemakhaya, izikhuni ezibandayo. Ukuba iintlobo zinqwenela ukwahlula kwiiphakheji kunye nama-tags. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inoculation ezayo i-plum iyaphumelela, sihlolisisa ngokukhawuleza iinqununu, susa i-mold ebonakalayo, kwaye ulawula ukunyusa.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa kwama-plums
Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokufakela i-plum grafting, kule ngxaki ichaphazela kakhulu umphumo womsebenzi wegadi. Ngaphandle kwenkathi ebusika ebusika, zonke ezinye iinyanga zifanelekile ngokusebenza ngokuthakazelisa nemithi, kodwa yonke indawo kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifuneka ziqwalaselwe xa zihlanganiswa.
Xa kulungele ukugonya iplamu:
- Ukugonywa kwe Spring. Eli xesha liye lithathwa njengeyona mpu melelo kakhulu ekusebenzeni kunye nezityalo okanye ukutshintsha iindidi. Ukugqithisa okuninzi iindiza kukunceda ngokukhawuleza ukukhula kunye nomthi kunye nokufumana umgangatho ophezulu приживаемость привойного izinto. Inzuzo eyongezelelweyo yokugonywa kwentwasahlobo kukuba unelungelo lokulungisa iimpazamo ehlobo.
- Izigulane zasehlobo. Ukuvelisa ngoJuni-Julayi, ukutshintshwa kweentlobo ezihlukeneyo kunokuba, iintsuku ezifudumeleyo kunye nelanga zaneleyo kwiimeko ezininzi ukukhula kwe-scion kunye nokuguga okuqhelekileyo kwokhuni. Ukwenza umsebenzi ngeli xesha kufanelekileyo kwiimeko xa ukugonywa kwentwasahlobo yeplum kwakungenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezingaphumeleli.
- Ukugonywa kwekwindla. Iziphumo eziphumelelayo zifezekile ekuwa, kungekho rhoqo, amaqabunga amandulo angalindeleka ngokungazelelwe kwaye konke okusebenzayo kuya kuhlahlela. Izinga lokusindisa ekwindla liphantsi, iireferensi ziyakunqandwa kuphela kwiinjongo zokulinga, kwaye umsebenzi omkhulu kufuneka uhanjiswe entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo.
Iimpawu zokucwangcisa iiplums
Umgangatho wokubambelela kuxhomekeke kwithuba lonyaka, umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji yomsebenzi, isiqinisekiso somntu. Indima enkulu idlala ngokuhambelana kweentlobo ezisetyenziswa ngumgadi wegadi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, okokuqala, ukusinda kubonakala, kodwa kamva ixesha lokumisa limile okanye kwindawo yokubambelela iphuma kumthwalo omncinci. I-Privoy esiyikhethayo ngomgangatho, kwaye isitokethi - ngokuhambelana kwayo. Unempembelelo eninzi kumandla okukhula, ukunqandwa kwamaqabunga, ixesha lokungena kwi-fruiting, isivuno kunye nobomi bomthi.
Imigaqo ephambili yokukhetha inkcenkcesho:
- ukuhambelana okukhulu,
- ingakanani isitokethi esifanelekileyo kwisimo sezulu sendawo (ukumelana neqabunga, ukumelana nesomiso, ukuchasana nemvula eninzi),
- ubukho beenkqubo ezintle zengcambu.
Umbuzo wokuba unako ukutshala i-sink kwiimbewu okanye imithi emininzi engadini yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kukho i-inoculations yangaphakathi (i-plum siphoning), i-interspecies (i-cherry kwi-plum), i-intergeneric (i-peaches kwi-plum). Umsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunabo bonke ngezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nama-intergeneric oculars okanye ama-copulination ipesenti enkulu yokushiyeka. Ilitye kunye neenkompo zenkcubeko aziyiziqhamo kunye, ukuzama kule ndawo akunamsebenzi.
Inoculation ye-apricot kwi-plum
Kwinqanaba elikhulu ukutsalwa phantsi kweebhilikiti kuthatha izityalo zeefom zendawo zasendle kunye neziqhamo ezincinci, ngokungaphantsi kancinci. Kwimibuzo, nokuba i-plum ityalwe kwi-apricot, kukho imiba emininzi. Ezi ntlobo zihlobo, kodwa izihlandlo zivame ukuvelisa iziphumo ezimbi. Kuvavanyo oluphambeneyo, kungcono ukuthatha iisampuli zasendle ze-plums kwi-rootstock, kunye nabo ukuhamba phakathi kuya kuba nekhwalithi ephezulu, ukunyamezela kwamaqabunga e-apricot ephezulu kuya kuba phezulu.
Ukugonywa kweplum plum
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukujika kwawela nge-cherry plum kwaye ngenxa yoko safumana ookhokho bepumums. Iingcali zezinto zezilwanyana ziye zabonisa ubungqina bezi ntlobo zemithi, ngoko ke ukuba zifunwa, kunokwenzeka ukutshala i-plum kwi-plum ne-back without problems. U-Alycha usebenza njengesityebi esihle kwininzi kweli litye. Ukunyamekelwa kwama-plum grafts kule ngxaki ye-podvoye ayifani, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ihlangabezane namahlumela.
Peach kwi plum
Ngamanye amaxesha, abaxhamli beziqhelo basebenzisa amahlumela okanye iingqungquthela zalo mthi ukuba basebenze kunye neparake. Ukugonywa kwepayipi kwiplamu entwasahlobo kufunyenwe kakuhle ngeentlobo zeHungarian Don kunye nesiHungary isiTaliyane, kwaye udidi olubanzi luka-Anna Shpet lunikeza ipesenti enkulu yomtshato ngexesha lokukhula. Ukuhluma kwindlela ephumelelayo kuyenzeka kwiminyaka engama-4-6, isityalo sikhula sikhuselekile kwaye sinamandla.
Inoculation of cherry kwi-plum
Iingcamango zokunqumla i-cheretal cherries kunye ne-plums zinika ipesenti encinci yokuphumelela, inkuni inemihluko eyahlukeneyo, ngoko-cuttings and buds ayiphilisi kakuhle. Iziphumo ezigqwesileyo zifunyenwe xa usebenza ne-cherry eyaziwayo, umthi omncinci wesiTshayina ungabamba indima yesiphunzi esincinci. Ukuba uyayazi indlela yokugonya ngokufanelekileyo iplamu, unokufumana ithuba lokubeka umyezo wakho weplmmy plums. I-Cherry cherry njenge-rootstock ayidla ngokusetyenziswa. Kwiingcambu zeplum, ikhula ngakumbi kwaye xa kubonakala ukukhunjulwa akukhumbuli isiqhamo esicuthakathaka, kodwa i-sakura emangalisayo.
Inoculation of cherry kwi-plum
Isiphumo sokubamba i-cherry kwi-plum ayikho into enqabileyo. Kulungile ekubonweni kokuqala, ukuvavanya kuphelile ngokuphelisa amahlumela angabonakaliyo kunye nokukhishwa kweenkuni. Ukuba abalimi be-varietal cherry banomzuko womthi ongenakunqwenelekayo, udibanisa kakuhle ne-cherries zeentaka kunye ne-cherry zasendle. Ingcambu ngesimo se-weak--cherry kuba kungcono ukuba ungayisebenzisi, abazama ukulindela ukungaphumeleli ngenxa yokugqithisa kwe-graft enamandla kunye nobukhulu.
Ungayifumana njani iplamu kwi-plum?
Ubungakanani bendawo eqhelekileyo yokunyuka kweenkuni ngamanye amaxesha, xa i-inoculation ye-intraspecific ye-qualitative ene-qualum ne-cuticle okanye iinjongo zenziwe. Usebenza njengempahla yesibonakaliso, kodwa iintlobo ezingapheliyo uRenklod kolkhoz, i-Skorospelka ebomvu, eyaziwayo kwiWengerka Moscow. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana umthi ochanekileyo kwindawo yakho, sebenzisa izithombo zeepums zezilwanyana zokugonywa.
Indlela yokutshala iplamu?
Imisebenzi kwidizadi ngoku iveliswe ngamathuluzi kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ubuchule bokuphunyezwa kwazo buyahlukahluka, kodwa zonke iindlela ezikhoyo zokugonywa ziwela kumaqela amathathu aphezulu:
- Ukuququzelela - inoculation kwi-trunk ngesinye okanye amaninzi.
- Ukufakelwa kweentso .
- I-Ablaktivka - i- split yi-convergence yehluma ekhulayo.
Kwimeko yokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo kwisitshini, awukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke iindlela ezininzi, kodwa ezi zintathu eziphambili ukuba abalimi bangenza lula. Phantse njalo, abathandi bathanda iindlela zokusasazeka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokusinda kwi-cortex, bebalekela kwi-cleft kunye neyamehlo. I-ablactinization idinga ukukhula okuhlanganyeneyo kwindlovukazi kunye ne-scion, engenakunqweneleka kwimithi, kukhethwa ngabalimi ekuhlaleni iintlobo ezintle ezingaxhomekekanga.
Ukusabalalisa okukhulu kwafunyaniswa yi-ocularization, apho i-eyelet encinci, ethathwe kwi-varietal shot, ibonakala njengesitokisi. Indlela elula yokukhupha iintso ngesandla. I-scabbard enegxolo isuswe kwisitokisini kwaye ithathe indawo yesikwere esifanayo kunye neentliziyo eziphilayo ezithathwe kwi-rootstock. Iingcambu zegxolo zidibaniswe de zizaliswe ngokuzenzekelayo. Indawo ye-inoculation ye-plum iboshwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivalwe ixesha elithile nefilimu. Ngendlela efana ne-T, i-cut cut is made in cortex ye-rootstock, apho iintso ze-graft ifakwe kwi-shoot.
Inoculation of plum phantsi kwegxolo
Ngale ndlela, susa inxalenye ephezulu yecandelo lokususa i-rootstock, yinqumle i-bark ngommese kwisibhozo esingaphantsi kwendawo eya kwi-hardwood, ukuyivula emacaleni. Kwi-cuttings, ukuchithwa kwe-oblique kufakwe kwi-3 cm ubude kwaye ama-2-3 asele aphile. Emva kokuyibeka ngokucophelela kwi-groove ye-rootstock kwixesha elide. Indawo yokusebenza iqinisiwe, iindawo ezivulekile zesilonda zitsalwa nge-wax, zizama ukungenise ngaphakathi. Inoculation of plum ngaphaya kwe-cortex ayifumanekanga, ayisoloko isenzeka kwimithi yezityalo zamatye, kodwa isoloko idlulela ngokugqibeleleyo kwimigodi yembewu.
Inoculation of plum entwasahlobo ekucaleni
Indlela efanelekileyo kwaye inokubaluleka kukuphindaphinda iplamu ngokuxhoma kwi-fake. Yifanele imithi emininzi engafanelekanga kumlimi wezinto ezihlukahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yomsebenzi kule meko ilula:
- Isebe lesitokisi lichithwe kwaye phakathi phakathi kwalo iinqununu zenziwe ngo-4 cm.
- I-screwdriver okanye i-wedge elungiselelwe eyenziwe ngemithi eqinile ifakwe kwindawo yokuxhoma, ukugcina ukwahlukana okwethutyana ukuvala.
- Kwi-cuttings ye-grafting, i-oblique cuttings ziveliswa ukusuka kumacala omabini enza umgca wokujongwa okufanayo.
- Isandla sokuthintela kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zokhuni asikhuthazwa.
- I-Privoj ifakwe kwi-cleft ngaphambi kokudibanisa i-cambial layers.
- Kwimeko apho ububanzi becandelo le-rootstock likhulu, kungcono ukutshala iinqununu ezimbini ukusuka kumacandelo ahlukeneyo omnxeba kanye.
- Isayithi sokufakelwa kwamatye sidibaniswa kunye ne-tape ekhuselayo, umtya okanye enye impahla, isilonda esivulekile sokhuni sihlanganiswe ne- var .