Iyintoni imfundo? Kuba umntu, nangaliphi na ixesha, oko akufumene ngamandla akhe, ubuchule kunye nokunyamezela kwakusoloko kubalulekile. Indima yokuzimela ekubunjweni kobuntu ibaluleke kakhulu: ukutyhila umntu ngehlabathi kwizandi zayo ezizodwa kunye nezodwa.
Ukuzimela-yintoni na?
Ukuzimelela imfundo yinjongo yokufuna umntu ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo, inikwe iimeko. Ukuze uqaphele ngokugcwele kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nolwazi olunzulu ngokwakho, ukugqibelela iimpawu zakho, ukuphuhliswa kwezakhono eziyimfuneko, ukukwazi ukucinga ngokucokisekileyo . Yiyiphi imfundo-lo mbandela uphando ngokuphandle ngabalobi, izafilosofi, ootitshala, izazi-psycholog kusukela kwimbali yamandulo.
I-Psychology of self-education
Iingcali zengqondo zithi umphefumlo womntu uyishukumisela ekuphuhliseni kwayo. Ingcamango yokuzimelela imfundo ibandakanya izinto eziningana: ukubunjwa komlinganiso, amandla, ukuphuhliswa komgca wokuziphatha. U-Erich Fromm - waseJalimane wengqondo yengqondo kunye nefilosofi ye-XX yekhulu leminyaka, kwiingxelo zakhe zathetha ngomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuphila komntu-ukuzinikela ubomi, ukuba abe yinto enokwenzeka. Umphumo obaluleke kakhulu wemizamo ngumntu wakhe. Iinjongo ezihamba phambili zifake iimpembelelo zangaphakathi ukuba zisebenze ngokwazo.
Yiyiphi imfundo ebonakalayo?
Ukuzifunda kwimpilo yomntu omdala - injongo yayo ephambili iqhubela phambili umsebenzi obalulekileyo kunomntu wakhe kwaye iquka:
- ukunqoba iimeko zeemeko ezinzima kunye neemeko-oku kuthukuthelisa umntu;
- ukusebenzela iziphumo zobunjani obuphucukileyo kunye nokuphuhlisa izinto ezintle;
- ukuqeqeshwa ekujonganeni nokulawula iimvakalelo - ukuphakamisa izinga lokuqonda kwengqondo ;
- ukunyaniseka kwindlela yokuphila ebomini.
Kutheni ufuna i-self-education?
Ukuzimelela komntu ngamnye kuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana kunye neengxabano eziphantsi komntu kufuneka azitshintshe ngokwabo. Ukuqwalasela akusoloko kuyimimiselo emnandi, kodwa kuyimfuneko ngesizathu esihle. Umntu uqonda iingcamango zabo ezimbi, ubhekene neemvakalelo ezingathandekiyo zecala, ulwaphulo, inzondo - oku kubuhlungu, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, umzuzu wokuphulukisa. Ukuzinceda nokuziphucula uncedo:
- ukuze ujabule kuwe nakubantu abajikelezile;
- Uvuyo lokunqoba luhlakulela ukunyaniseka, umnqweno wokuza kunceda abo bafuna
- ukuqonda ukubonakalisa ukuzimela;
- ukuphumelela.
Izindlela zokuzifundela
Yiyiphi imfundo yokuzimelela ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ziziphi iindlela zokuzimela? Umzekeliso odumile: "Ubudala Bokuphila-Ubudala Bokufunda" bubonakalisa kakuhle inkqubo yokuzifundisa. Umntu obeka unyawo kule ndlela uhlaziywa rhoqo "ngameva kwiinkwenkwezi". Izindlela ezinceda ukuseka imisebenzi kwindlela yokuzifunda:
- Ukuzibophezela : ukuzithetha ngokwakho nokuzilandela, ngokukhumbuza rhoqo kunye nokuzaliseka kwenjongo-oku kubangela ukwakheka komkhwa ozinzile.
- Uvelwano - ukuxhamla kunye neemvakalelo zabanye, "ukuzibona" kwindawo yomnye-kunceda ukuvelisa iimpawu zokuziphatha. Umntu ovakalelwa ngenceba unokuzibona ephuma ngaphandle, njengoko abantu abazungezile baqonda.
- Ukuzilawula okanye ukunyanzelisa - ukufundisa intando kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukungabikho kwezimpawu zonyango kupheliswa.
- Ukuzijezisa - ngenxa yokungahambisani nemimiselo kunye nezibophelelo, isijeziso senziwa, esichazwe ngaphambi kokuthatha izibophelelo.
- Ukuzigxeka - ukuphikisana kwangaphakathi kukhokelela ekusebenziseni ukuphucula.
- Ukuzithemba kusekelwe ekuzithembeni. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukuba ziphindaphinda iziphoso zazo ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ingqalelo yabo ithandwa kwinto efuna ukuba yenziwe.
- Ukuhlalutya (ukuzibonakalisa) -kuquka ukuzithiba, ukugcina idayari, ukunika ingxelo.
Ungaqala njani ukuzimela?
Ukuzimelela nokuzifundiswa komntu kuqala ngokuqala kwasebuntwaneni kwinkqubo yokukhulisa umntwana ngabazali, ngokuhambelana nemigangatho, imithetho, ekuhloleni imisebenzi yabantwana ngabantu abadala. Inkqubo iyaqalwa ngokusesikweni ukusuka ebusheni. Umntu ongenakufumana ingqwalaselo kunye nokudalulwa kwezinto zakhe ezinokwenzeka kwiintsapho unokuzihlakulela zonke ezo iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kuye.
Umendo wokuzifunda ngokwawo uqala ngamanyathelo amancinci:
- ukuqonda nokuqonda ngesidingo sokutshintsha kwakho;
- ukuzimisela ukuthatha amanyathelo ekutshintsheni;
- ukukhuthazwa kwangaphakathi kunye nenkolelo yokuphumelela;
- ukulungiselela (ukucacisa) iinjongo kunye neenjongo;
- ukhetho lweendlela kunye nezindlela.
Ingxaki yokuzimelela imfundo
Ingxaki yokuzifunda kunye nokuziphucula ngokwabo kwimihla yamandulo yayihlala "iingqondo eziqaqambileyo" zabantu abacinga, abafilosofi. Ingcamango yokuzimelela imfundo ihamba kwixesha lonke ixesha - litshintsha ngaphaya kokuqaphela, kwaye iqulethe inyaniso engunaphakade. UPlato, uSocrates, uAristotle - umsebenzi wokuqala ongabona ukubaluleka kokwazi ngokwabo kunye nokuvela komntu njengomntu kwinkqubo yokuziphucula. Uluntu lufuna abantu abanamandla, abaneemfanelo ezikhusele iimpawu zokuziphatha eziphezulu. Ingxaki iboniswa kwinto yokuba umntu unokukhetha iinqununu zobuxoki, iimfuno aze azilandele.
Abantu abakhulu benza inxaxheba kwimfundo
Ukuzimelela abantu abadumileyo ngumzekelo omhle wokuba unqobe isifo esibi, izimo ezingafanelekiyo, impilo ephilileyo. Bonke: abalobi, abaculi, abafilosofi, abaculi, iintloko zamashishini kunye namazwe - abeke umgomo wokuba uphumelele, uncedo kunye nokuzifundela ngokwabo.
- UDemosthen isithethi sasendulo saseGrike. Ukunyamekela ukunqoba ukuthetha okulumkileyo kolwimi, ilizwi elibuthathaka ngokwemvelo, ukunyanzeliswa kwegxala. I-self-education yasize i-Demosthenes ibe yindlalifa enkulu kwaye athethe inkundla, ithintelo kwezopolitiko.
- UPetros Omkhulu - "ukumkani kunye neefowuni ezandleni zakhe" - umbusi waseRussia wayemthanda ukuthetha ngaye. Ngomzekelo wakhe wokuzimela nokukhupha umlingani kwiimeko ezibuhlungu, wabeka umzekelo kubaphathi bakhe.
- A.P. Ukhokhov , umlobi waseRashiya, wazifumana kwiimeko ezinzima emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwintsapho yakhe, wafika kwisigqibo sokuba kwakuyimfuneko ukuhlakulela "isinyithi iya kusebenza". Umbhali wayekholelwa ukuba "ubuqili buza kuqala ngaphambi kwakhe" kwaye ukuzifunda kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezinokubakhokelela ekuncedeni uKhakhov kwenzeka kwishishini lokubhala.
- UFranklin Roosevelt nguMongameli we-United States. Ishedyuli eqinileyo yomhla ukususela kumntwana kwaye umnqweno wolwazi olunzulu luyinto eqhubekayo yokuzifunda kwimpilo yonke.
- U-Albert Einstein ungumdlali we-physics. Ekubuntwaneni wayethetha kakubi, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ootitshala wayeqatshelwa ngenxa yobulumko bakhe, ukuthoba nokungabi namandla okufunda. Usosayensi wabonisa ukukhuthaza nokukhuthaza kwixesha elizayo. Ukuzimela kokucinga, ukuphuhliswa kweetalente-konke oku siqhamo samazamo ka-Einstein kwinkqubo yokuzimela.
- A.Nevsky, L.N. UTolstoy, uL. Beethoven, eVincent. Gogh, uDF Nash, Frida Kahlo, Mohammed Ali, Stevie Wonder, Mithun Chakraborty, uStephen Hawking, uNico Vuychich ude uluhlu olupheleleyo lwabantu abaye banqoba ubunzulu bokuba, ukungapheleli, izifo ngokuzihlaziya nokuzimelela.
Iincwadi malunga nokuzifundisa
Yintoni ebalulekileyo ekuzifundiseni-le nto inokufundwa kwimibhalo yabantu abadumileyo, iincwadana zabo ezizenzekelayo:
- "Imfundo kunye nokuzifundisa" VA. Sukhomlinsky
- "I-Psychology of Education" LM. Zubin
- "Ulwazi oluzimeleyo kunye nokuzifundela komntu" Yu.M.Orlov
- "Incwadi malunga namandla phezu kwe" E.Robbins
- "Imithetho yabaphumeleleyo" B.Shefer
- "Imfundo yokuzimela kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngokuzimeleyo yabantwana abaselula" N.F. Yakovleva, M.I. EShilov
- "Ubomi obungenaMida-mali" nguNiko Vuychich