Umntu ngamnye unetalente kwaye uhlukile. Ingqondo yokuhlalutya enye yeempawu ezinqabileyo, okokuba, nokuba nayo, umntu unokuphumelela kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi. Ikhono lokuhlalutya kunye neengcinga ziyimfuneko kwizesayensi, kwiyeza, kwi-criminalistics, kwengqondo.
Ingqalelo ingqondo engqondweni?
Amalente aqala ukubonakalisa ngokwabo ukususela ebuntwaneni, abazali abazilumkileyo beqaphela amandla abo umntwana bahlelwe ukuba baqale ukuphuhlisa. Ziziphi izinto ezenza umntu athambekele ekuhlalutheni? Impendulo enye yinto ebalulekileyo okanye ukulawula kwe- hemisphere yesigxina yengqondo ejongene nokucinga kwezobugcisa, ingqiqo kunye nokwanda kwengqondo phezu kweengqondo. Ingqondo ye-Analytical yinkqubo yokucinga equka
- Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwamaqiniso, iziganeko, iziganeko;
- ukukwazi ukwakha ietyunithi ezinengqiqo;
- ukukwazi ukwahlula okubalulekileyo ukusuka kwinqanaba elisezantsi kumgca omkhulu wolwazi;
- mbono;
- ingxelo ecacileyo yeengcamango;
- ulandelelwano lweenkomfa.
Ukucinga ngokuhlalutya kwizengqondo
Imisebenzi yokucinga kwengqondo yipropati ye-psyche kwaye ibonakalisa uxhumano oluxhomekeke kumntu onenjongo engqinelanayo. Ukucinga okuhlaziyileyo okanye ukuhlalutya kukucatshulwa kwengqondo-engqiqo, esekelwe ekuqondeni okunzulu, okwenzeka ngexesha kwaye libonakaliswe zizigaba:
- "Ukukhangela" okanye ukuqonda isiganeko, imeko, ingxaki. Icandelo elibalulekileyo kweli nqanaba lixhoba eliphezulu lomntu kumzamo wokulungisa imeko.
- Jonga iinketho, yenza iinkqubo zolwazi kunye nemisebenzi yokusetha. Zonke iiparamitha ezibonakalayo zesisombululo ziyachongwa.
- Ukutyunjwa kweengcamango.
- Izindlela zokusombulula imeko yengxaki: ukusebenzisa i-algorithms eyaziwayo ngaphambili okanye ukudala isisombululo esitsha.
- Inkqubo yokuSebenza (Umsebenzi oSebenza).
- Ukuvavanywa kweengcamango.
- Ukuba ingxaki ayilungiswanga kakuhle, ixesha le-detachment kunye nokukhangela izisombululo ezintsha.
Ukuhlalutya nokucamngca
Ukucinga ngokuhlalutya kunokuxhaswa (kungekho rhoqo) kunye nomgangatho onjengobuchule. Ukucinga okubalulekileyo kunceda umhlalutyi ukuba ajonge ngokucacileyo iingcamango, izigqibo, ubone ubuthathaka kwaye uhlole iingcinga kunye neengqinisiso. Ngokucinga okugxilwe ngokugqithisileyo, kukho ukugxininiswa kweempazamo zabantu, izigwebo, izigqibo, ezithintela ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo, ukufaka izicelo nokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Ukucinga okucatshulwayo
Iingcamango zokuhlalutya zihambelana ngokucatshulwa kwaye zixhomekeka kuyo ekwakhiweni kweetyathanga ezinengqiqo kunye nokudibanisa. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziqwalasela ingcamango yokuhlalutya ukuze ilingane nengqiqo yokucinga. Naluphina usebenzo wokucinga luyinkqubo enobunzima neyinkimbinkimbi ebandakanya iindlela zombini kunye nezinto zangaphandle. Ukucinga ngokuhlalutya ngokubambisana neengqiqo, kunceda umntu:
- kuseka rhoqo;
- ulindele (ukubala) ukuphuhliswa kweziganeko, iinkqubo;
- ukwakha okufunekayo ukudibana phakathi kwezinto kunye nezinto ngaphandle kokuzifunda ngexesha elinye;
- zifundo ziqinisekisa izigqibo ngokuncedisa intetho ebhaliweyo okanye ngomlomo.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa ingqondo yokuhlalutya?
Ingqondo yokuhlalutya, njengenye into yemvelo okanye italente yomntu, akufanele ihlale "kwindawo" ethile-kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa oko kunikwa ngokuzalwa. Izwi elidumileyo: "Impumelelo i-1 pesente ye talente kunye neepesenti ezingama-99 zabasebenzi" nayo isebenza ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokuhlalutya. Xa umntu ebeka umgomo "wokupompa" ukucinga ngokuhlalutya, umgaqo obalulekileyo uhamba kancane. Kwinqanaba lokuqala kuku:
- isisombululo se-crossword puzzles, i-scanwords;
- Ukufunda amabali abaphenyi ngokuzibonakalisa kwizenzo, ukukhuthaza, iinjongo zamaqhawe;
- midlalo yegama;
- abahloli okanye i-chess - indlela enkulu yokuhlaziya uphando.
Ukuzivocavoca ukucinga ngokuhlalutya
Amakhono okuhlalutya aqala ukuphuhlisa ukususela ebuntwaneni. Umntwana onengqondo "yemathematika", kuya kuba luncedo ukuba nexesha lokudibanisa kunye nabazali ukuxazulula iipuzzle, ukuhlubuka, imisebenzi ekufumaneni ukungafani kwimifanekiso, ukufuna izinto ezingekhoyo. Indlela yokuhlakulela ukucinga ngokucatshulwa kumntu omdala, ukuba kukho iimeko ezininzi, xa ukukwazi ukuhlalutya kubaluleke kakhulu (ukukhuthazwa, umnqweno wokuqonda ukukwazi)? Ukuphuhlisa i-hemisphere yekhohlo kunye nobuchule bokuhlalutya kunokwenzeka nayiphi na iminyaka, ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzilolonga:
- Uhlalutyo lwaluphi na ulwazi oluvela ngaphandle: ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho. Ziziphi iingxabano zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, eziphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki, njengalolu hlobo umntu ngokwakhe wayeya kwenza.
- Nsuku zonke, ziza kunye neemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neziganeko ezingalindelekanga (intlangano yezoshishino, uhambo oluya kwindawo, ukuthetha koluntu ) kwaye ucinge ngezisombululo eziliqela, nto enye eyona nto ibhetele kwaye kutheni.
- Ukulungisa iingxaki ezinengqiqo.
- Inkqubo yokuFunda.
- Yenza iinjongo uze uyiphumeze usebenzisa i-algorithm:
- ukuqokelela ulwazi olupheleleyo;
- inkcazo yezonxibelelwano eziphambili;
- iintlobo zesisombululo kunye nophuhliso, ingxelo yeengcamango;
- ukufezekiswa kwenjongo: isenzo esekelwe kwizigqibo ezithathwe.
Ingqondo yokuhlalutya - umsebenzi
Ingqondo yokuhlalutya ingqondo ehlelekile. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje, ipharamitha ebalulekileyo yisingqinisiso yokuqhutyelwa kolwazi oluninzi, olutshintsho rhoqo, olongezelelweyo. Amakhono aphezulu okuhlalutya komntu anyanzelekile kwiimfuno kwaye ezo ngcali zifunekayo kwihlabathi lonke. Ubugcisa apho umntu oneengcinga zokuhlalutya angaziqonda ngokwakhe:
- mphicothi;
- umphathi;
- qoqosho;
- we nzu lulwazi;
- ingcali kwikhompyutha yobuchwepheshe kumanqanaba athile;
- logist;
- Uhlalutyi;
- umcebisi wezomthetho;
- umprofeti;
- ugxeki;
- umbuyekezi;
- IT - ubuchwepheshe
- ulwaphulo-mthetho;
- uphando.
Ukucinga okuhlalutyo - iincwadi
Ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono okuhlalutya kunceda umntu anqobe iimeko ezinzima ngaphandle kwemizwa engadingekile. Ukukwazi ukuhlalutya kunceda ukubona umphumo apho kubonakala ngathi ayikho khona kwaye kwakhiwe ulwalamano olusisiseko lwezobudlelwane. Ukufunda inkolelo kuhlobo lomcuphi, kwakunye neencwadi ezizodwa malunga nokuphuhliswa kwengcinga kubangela ukuphucula izakhono zokuhlalutya:
- "Ubunjineli." - D. Gavrilov
- "Ubugcisa bokucinga. Ukucinga emva kwexesha njengendlela yokusombulula iingxaki ezinzima "- E. Bono
- "Incwadi yezigqibo. 50 imizekelo yeengcamango zokucinga "- M. Krogerus
- "Ukucinga ngcamango ekuxazululeni iingxaki ezinzima kwaye ezinzima" - uA. Teslinov
- "Iingcamango kwiimbuzo neempendulo" - V.Vechkanov
- "Ukucinga kunye nokucinga. Imisebenzi engama-50 + 50 yokuqeqesha izakhono zomntu onempumelelo "- C. Phillips
- "Iintetho zeSherlock Holmes" - A.K. Doyle
- Umjikelezo we "Hercule Poirot" weencwadi zikaA. Christie