Iintsana ezinokuqala

Ukuzalwa kwintsana engaphambi kwexesha kusenokuba kuthathwa njengoluvavanyo olunzima kubazali, ngaphezu koko, kule ngxaki, ingozi yokuphuhlisa izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo iyanda. Iintsana ezandulela iintsana zizalwe phakathi kweeveki ezingama-28 neye-37 zesisu.

Izizathu

Izizathu zokuzalwa kwintsana engaphambi kwangoko zingenziwa ngale ndlela:

• inthmic-incervicability ;
• ukungaqhelekanga kwesibeleko;
• ubukho be-pathology engapheliyo kumama;
• sulelo;
• izifo kunye nezifo zangaphakathi kwe-fetus;
• ukuchithwa kweplacental premature;
• gestosis;
• ubukho bezingozi zomsebenzi kunye nemikhwa emibi yomama.

Iingxaki eziphambili

Cinga ngeentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zentsana ezisengaphambili kunye neemeko ezisongela ubomi:

1. Ukungabikho koqhagamshelwano - into ekhusela i-alveolus ukuba ingawa kwaye iqinisekise ukusebenza kwemiphunga. Iintsana ezizalwe ngokukhawuleza kufuneka zilungiselele amalungiselelo okusebenza ukuze iipomphu zivumelane ngokukhawuleza ekuphefumuleni.
2. Vula i-arterial traction. Le nqanawa encinci idibanisa i-aorta kunye ne-pulmonary artery ngexesha lophuhliso lwangaphakathi. Emva kokubeleka, iyakhula, kodwa ngokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwayo ingaqhubeka isebenza, nto leyo idinga unyango okanye unyango.
3. Ukuphuhliswa okwaneleyo kwenkqubo yokuzivikela komzimba kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukukhusela okuphezulu kwiinkampani ezichaphazelayo, kuquka nezityalo ezincinci.
4. I-retinopathy - umonakalo wokubuyisela umonakalo, owona maxesha amaninzi angakhokelela ekuboni.
5. I-entocolitis ye-Necrotizing.

Inxalenye ephambili yeintsana ezingaphambi kokuzalwa kukungagcini nokungafundwa kwazo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zokuhlala ngaphandle komzimba kamama. Ngoko ke, ezinjalo iintsana zidinga ukunakekelwa okhethekileyo.

Ukongika nokutya

Ukunyamekela iintsana zangaphambi kwexesha kukugcina iindlela ezisisiseko zobomi. Kulo mntwana, kunye nokuzalwa ngexesha, ukuthintana okufutshane nomama kubalulekile. Emva koko, kwiimeko zokudibana nomntu osondeleyo, ukukhula kwakhe ngokomzimba kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo kuya kukhawuleza. Ukubeleka kweentsana ezingasengaphambili kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Kule meko, isidingo sokondla sikhulu, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokutya kunye neentsholongwane akukasekwa kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko sifumana iingxaki ezilandelayo zeintsana zokuqala ngexesha lokutya:

• i-weak reflection okanye i-reflex engabonakaliyo ngokupheleleyo, kunye ne-reflex yokugwinya;
• isixa esincinane sesisu;
• ukunciphisa ithoni kunye ne-peristalsis yamathumbu;
• Ukungasebenzi okwaneleyo okanye imisebenzi ephantsi ye-enzyme yokugaya inyama, kuquka i-lactases.

Iintsana ezisemgangathweni ezingaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-33 zibonakaliswa zondla ngeprobe. Le ndlela yokondla iyimfuneko, njengokuba kubantwana abasenesikhathi esingaphantsi kwexesha kukho ukuphazamiseka kokucwangcisa phakathi kwenkqubo yokutshiza nokugwinya kwaye ngaloo ndlela kukho umngcipheko wokubamba ubisi. Njengokusetyenziswa kokutya kuboniswe ubisi lwebele okanye imixube ekhethekileyo. Ngethuba lokudla nge-probe umntwana usenokunikwa i-pacifier eya kukukhuthaza ukukhula komfutho we-reflex. Njengoko umntwana ekhula aze aphuhlise, kubakho imfuneko ukufaka isicelo kwisifuba kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ukutshintshela ukuncelisa.

Qalisa inkqubo yobongikazi ngaphambi kweentsana ezivela ekubekwa komntwana kwi-cuvette, enika ulawulo lokushisa olufunekayo, ukunikezelwa kweoksijini kunye nokukhuselwa kwimiphumo emibi yendalo. Ukuba umntwana wazalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, ngoko enye yezinto ezibonakalayo kukungabikho kokugqithisileyo kokugqibeleleyo kwamanqatha. Kule meko, imithwalo yegazi ifumaneka kufuphi nomgangatho wesikhumba. Ngoko ke, xa ubushushu buguqulwa, kukho ukugqithisa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumula komzimba omdala.