Ekutyelelweni kowesiqhelo esilandelayo kumntwana, udokotela unokuthi umntwana ufumana ubunzima obunzima. Kukho iitafile ngokubhekiselele kulo ugqirha okhokelwa yilathisi lobunzima bomntwana ngokuhambelana nobudala. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabahlengikazi basebenzisa iimilo zokuziphatha ezingapheliyo kunye nokunyuka kwabantwana , ezidalwe ngondlo lwendalo lomntwana. Ngexa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje kukho ukutyekela ukunyamezela umntwana ekunceliseni umntwana. Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana osiswini, kunye nobunzima obunendlela eyahlukileyo, kunomntu onguhlobo oluthile.
Imigangatho yokulingana komntwana unyaka owodwa
Isisindo esiqhelekileyo ekuzalweni sisisindo se 2.5 ukuya kwi-4 kg. Ukuba umntwana ulinganisa ubuncinci, ke kuthathwa njengento encinci, ukuba ngaphezulu-ke inkulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abazali bayazibuza ukuba umntwana kufuneka athathele kangakanani. Kukholelwa ukuba ngokweminyaka inyanga umntwana ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele kwiminyaka engathandathu ubudala kufuneka athathe ubuncinane ubuncinane i-800 gram ngenyanga, ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-9 - kungekhona ngaphantsi kwe-500 grams. Ngonyaka umntwana uzuza ubunzima malunga ne-300 gram ngenyanga.
Kutheni intsana ingahlali isisindo: izizathu?
Kukho izizathu ezibangela ukuba umntwana angabi nesisindo:
- izinga le-hemoglobin ephantsi kwigazi (i-anemia);
- ubukho bempilo yengqondo;
- imeko ezixinzelelekileyo;
- ububele: kwi-genus yomntwana, zonke izihlobo zinobunzima obuphantsi kunye nomhlobo othile wokwakha;
- umntwana unemiphefumlo;
- izifo zenkqubo yokutya (isifo sohudo okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuqhawuka rhoqo);
- ukunyanga okungenangqiqo (ukungeniswa kwangoko kuninzi kakhulu).
Ukuba umntwana usebele, ngoko sinokuhlukanisa le nombolo yezizathu ezenza ukuba umntwana athole ubunzima obunzima:
- unina unobisi oluncinane lwebele;
- umntwana usoloko elala ngexesha lokutya;
- umntwana akawuthabathi kakuhle emlonyeni aze atyeke;
- ukutya okunomsoco komama;
- Kwondla enye umntwana isetyenziselwa amabele amabini, ngenxa yoko umntwana ongeke afikelele "ebusweni" lobisi, obunomsoco kwaye luncedo, kwaye lukhuthaza nokuzuza ubunzima.
Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba unina onomnakekeli afunde indlela yokubeka umntwana kakuhle kwibele, ukuze ikhululeke kwaye ilungele ukutya. Kwaye ukungabi nobisi ukusela itayi ekhethekileyo kumama oongikazi, eyenzelwe ukwandisa i-lactation .
Ukuba umntwana akafumani ubunzima obubi, unokuzama ukutshintsha imihla ngemihla.
Iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa zikhula njani?
Iintsana ezizalwe ngaphambi kokuba ixesha libhekwe njengezona zinto zincinci kwaye zifuna indlela ekhethekileyo yokondla nokunyamekela. Iintsana zokuqala ezinyangeni zokuqala zobomi zifumana ubunzima ngokukhawuleza kunokuba abazalwana babo bazalwa ngexesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyusa umntwana osengaphambi kokubeleka ngobisi lwebele, njengoko luqulethe uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezinto ezinobuncwane ezinomntwana (iprotheni, i-amino acid, i-oligosaccharides, i-antibodies).
Umntwana ozelwe ngaphambi kokuba umda wexesha, njengomthetho, ufakwa kwi-cuvette, apho unondliwa ngumseshini. Kule meko, ukuncelisa kungabandakanywa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba unina alondoloze ukuncelisa, kuba ufumana umntwana olungaphaya kwexesha, ukufumana isisindo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uya kubuya.
Ukuze umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa azuze ubunzima, kufuneka atyathwe rhoqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abanjalo balele kakhulu. Kulo
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ubunzima bomntwana unyaka luphawu olusisigxina kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke ekuzalweni, umondlo womama, imeko yentsapho, imeko yendalo. Kwaye ngaphambi kokubetha i-alamu, ukuba umntwana udla kakubi kwaye unqongophala obunzima, kubalulekile ukudibana nogqirha kwaye uqinisekise isizathu esithile sesisindo esincinci.