Ekuguquleleni ukusuka kwisiGrike, i-archtype "yomboniso". Iingcamango ze-archetypes zenziwe ngumfundi weZ Z enkulu uFrud Karl Gustav Jung. Wabuyela kwakhona kwi-psychoanalysis kwaye ngenxa yoko kukho iingcamango ezinzima eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokusekelwe kwifilosofi, kwengqondo, kwincwadi, kwiingoma kunye nezinye iindawo zolwazi. Yiyiphi imbono ye-archetype-kweli nqaku.
Archetype - yintoni na?
Kuqondwa njengezinto ezisemgangathweni zobuntu bokuzalwa, ezinokumisela iimfuno zomntu, iimvakalelo zakhe, iingcamango nokuziphatha. I-Archetype yintlangano engaboniyo , izuzwe kwiihlotho ngeengqungquthela. Wonke umntu ukhetha iqabane lakhe ngokuhambelana ne-archtype yakhe, uyayithanda, ivelisa abantwana, njl. Ukuba neengcamango zalolu hlobo lwesimo somntu, uphando luza kunceda umntu aphelise iinkomfa aze aguqule imeko yobomi bakhe.
Archetypes yaseJung
Phakathi kwama-archetypes, izinto ezinokwakheka kweengqondo, kunye nemifanekiso engqungquthela engummiselo wokukhumbula, kukho ukudibanisa ngqo. Okokuqala, umbhali wenza isifaniso, ngoko yesazisi, waza wabonisa imbono yokuba omnye udala omnye. I-archetypes yaseJung iyingxenye yohlanga lwabantu kwaye ifa. Iimifanekiso eziphambili zigxininiswe kwizinto ezinzulu ezingenanto, ngaphaya kwemida yobuntu.
Ubutyebi babo obucacileyo kunye nokucaca kugqiba iitalente zomntu, amandla akhe okudala. Kwimisebenzi yakhe, i-Jung zokuhlaziya ukuhlalutya kweengcinga zeentlanga zabantu. Kamva, usebenzisa i-archetype ukuba ikhethe i-motif (corethogical) ye-universal (basic mythological) motifs phantsi kwayo nayiphi na uhlobo lwesakhiwo. Indawo ekhethekileyo kwiprogram yakhe yezobugcisa yabelwa "imaski", "i-anime", "isithunzi", "uqobo". Abaninzi baboniswa ngumlobi kunye namaqhawe emisebenzi yokubhala. "Umthunzi" nguMephistopheles Goethe kwi "Faust", "Indoda endala ehlakaniphile" yiZarathushtra e-Nietzsche.
IArchetype yezilumko
Kwakhona kuthiwa ungumcinga, apho okomoya kubaluleke ngaphezu kwezinto eziphathekayo. Iqondo lizolile kwaye liqokelelwe, lijonge. Kuye, ukuxhamla kunye nokulula kubalulekile. I-Archetypes yobuntu inombala othile webala, ngoko ke umntu osisilumko ezi zi-achromatic, shades colorless. Iingcali zefilosofi ezingaphandle zibonakala zibandayo kwaye zingabonakali abantu, kodwa oku akunjalo. Bakhetha nje iingxoxo ezingenamsebenzi kunye nokuzonwabisa, ukukhangela inyaniso. Bahlala bezama, bafunde into entsha, badale kunye neengcebiso zabo eziluleko banceda wonke umntu.
Archetype Animus
Le ngenye yeentlobo ze-archetypes zesini-inxalenye yesetyhini yengqondo yomntu. I-Jungian archetype ibonisa iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye nempembelelo yomntu, iimvakalelo zakhe. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zengqondo zengqondo zentombi zigxininisekile - ukuguquka kwangoko, ukuprofetha, ukukwazi ukuthandana kanye kunye nobomi bonke. UJung uthe nge-anime njengokulungele ukungena. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, amadoda, ecatshulwa nge-anime, ebizwa ngokuthi i-animatous. Ezi zinto ziyakucasula, zingenangqondo kwaye zimeleleke ngokukhawuleza abameli bezesondo eziqinileyo, i-psyche echaphazela ukuvuselela ngokungafanelanga amandla ayo.
Archetype Animus
I-archetype yesibili yesini yinkalo yesintu yesazi yowesifazane. Le ngqungquthela yeJung ivelisa uluvo, ngelixa i-animation iyintliziyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkolelo eziqinileyo zabasetyhini aziqinisekanga ngokukodwa, kodwa ukuba uthe wagqiba into ethile ... I-animus ephilileyo ixanduva lokuqonda, ukuzimisela kwakhe kwiinto zonke. Kwaye i-negative ingayifaka isenzo esingenangqiqo. Le ngqungquthela ihlala kwindawo yobungqina bendoda. Kwaye umfazi othe xaxa ummeli wesifo esibuthakathaka ubonakala, unamandla ngakumbi kwi-animus kuwo.
Ezi zilandelayo zingathatha imisebenzi kunye nesazela esinobambiswano. Iimbono ze-animus zihlala zihlangene kwaye zimi ngaphezu kwezigwebo. Olu hlobo "lwekholeji yomthetho" we-archetype ngumntu we-animus. Yena kunye nomguquli, phantsi kwefuthe apho umfazi ebeka amagama angaqhelekanga entetho yakhe, usebenzisa amagama athi "waziwa", "njenjalo ke konke", ukudweba ulwazi kwiincwadi, wakuva iingxoxo, njl njl.
IArchetype ye-Self
UJung wayeyicinga ukuba ngu-archetype oyintloko-i-archetype yobungqina buntu, ubukhulu. Idibanisa i-conscious and unconscious, iyalungelelanisa ibhalansi yezinto ezichasayo ze-psyche. Ukufumanisa i-archetypes yomntu kunye nokuhlola ezinye izakhiwo zobuntu, uJung wathola lo mbandela wokuqala, eqwalasela konke okubandakanya. Yisimboli sokulingana okunamandla kunye nesivumelwano sokuchasene. Ukuzibonakalisa kungabonakalisa ngamaphupha njengomfanekiso ongabalulekanga. Kwinkoliso yabantu, ayivelwanga kwaye ayayazi nto malunga nayo.
Shadow Archetype
UJung umbiza ngokuthi "unxamnye no-I". Leyo yile mpawu yomntu ongenayo kwaye akafuni ukubona. I-archtype yomthunzi ngokweJung yinto ebumnyama, engendawo, yezilwanyana zobuntu, apho umgcini okhuphayo. Oku kuphazamisa ukunyanzeliswa okungavumelekanga kunye neengcamango, izenzo ezinobundlobongela. Lo mzekelo unalo mva: ukuba umsebenzi ophezulu ngumntu onobubele obambelele kwiimvakalelo ezinamandla, ngoko umthunzi wakhe uya kuba luhlobo lokucinga lokuba ngexesha elingaphambili elingalindelekanga lingabonakalisa njengomtyholi ngaphandle kwebhokisi lokukhusela.
Isithunzi sikhula njengoko umntu ekhula kwaye uyazi, wonke umntu uqala ukuqonda ngaye ngokunciphisa ubomi bakhe. Ukujongana nesithunzi kungenziwa ngovumo ngalunye kwaye kule nkalo amaKatolika anenhlanhla, ngokuvuma ukuba kukho into enjalo. Wonke umntu kufuneka aqonde kwaye aqonde ukuba kunoma yimuphi umzuzu ukulungele ukuziphatha okubi kunye neenjongo.
Umntu weArchetype
Ngendlela elula, imaski enxiba umntu ukwenza indima ethile. Iintlobo ze-archetypes zihlukanisa umntu njengengxenye yengqondo, ejongene ngaphandle kunye nokukhonza imisebenzi yokulungelelanisa. I-mask ibonakaliswe ngokuqokelela, ngoko ke yinto engundoqo ye-psyche. Umntu wenza njengentsebenziswano ethile phakathi komntu kunye noluntu. Ukubeka kwi-mask, umntu kulula ukusebenzisana nabanye. Abo bazange bavelise umntu babizwa ngokuba ngabantu abangenangqondo. Kodwa imeko engafanelekanga, kuba iyonakalisa umntu ngamnye.
Archetype uThixo
Umlandeli wemfundiso yeJungian nguGenin Shinoda Bohlen, oye wafunda i-female archetypes yamadoda kunye neengcali zamagama. Kwimifanekiso yamathambo emininzi eyayibonisa ukuba nguThixo olandelayo:
- UZeyus - unamandla onamandla kwaye onamandla, onokuzithemba .
- IHayidesi - ithule kwaye iyimfihlakalo, ixhomekeke.
- U-Apollo - uqokelele kwaye unengqiqo, enobuchule.
- UHephaestus usebenza nzima kwaye unamandla.
- I-Dionysus- ishicilelwe kwaye ayinakuphikisana.
Iintlobo ze-archetypes ngokweJung phakathi koothixo-abafazi:
- U-Artemis unamandla kwaye unobungozi. Akayinyamezeli imingcele.
- U-Athena uyilumko kwaye unqwenela ngamandla, unako ukugatya iimvakalelo kunye nokuhlalutya nje amaqiniso.
- I-Aphrodite yinto yesintu kunye nesisa.
- I-Tyuf - iphikisana, izama ukufumana inkulu, kodwa ngelo xesha iyakwazi ukunikela ngemiphumo yezenzo zabo.
- IHecate ngumxhasi omkhulu. Abo baxhomekeke kulolu hlobo bavame ukusebenzelana nemimoya.
Umntu ngamnye udibanisa ezimbini okanye ezintathu okanye archetypes ezingaphezulu. Bakhuphisana, bawunqoba omnye, balawula umphathiswa wabo, baqikelele ubungakanani beminqweno yabo, isiqalo somsebenzi wabo, ukubambelela kwabo kwiinjongo ezithile. La maThixo ayenzeka iipatheni zokuziphatha, kodwa ezininzi ziya kuxhomekeka ekukhuliseni, amandla omntu ukulungelelanisa, ukuhlangabezana nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabanye.
I-Jung yi-archetype yomama
Oku kubi kwezinto zonke nokuqala kwazo zonke izinto. Le ngqungquthela yeengqondo ikwahlula ngokukhethekileyo, kuba kukho nayiphi na inkqubo ye-psychotherapeutic, lo mfanekiso uyaphuma. Ngexesha elifanayo, lingazibonakalisa njengento kwaye umphathi walo uya kuba neengxaki ekujonganeni nezinto. Ukuba i-archetype ithinta intsapho kunye nentlalo yoluntu, ngoko nawuphi na ukuphulwa kwalo mcimbi uza kubonakala kwiingxaki zokulungelelanisa, ukunxibelelana. Eyona nto yokugqibela yesithathu esibelethweni sinquma amandla omthwali wokukhulelwa, ukuthwala nokuzala, okanye ithuba lokugqiba umsebenzi.
Child Archetype
Le ngqungquthela yeengqondo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Divine. Yaye yonke into yokuba iqulethe onke amandla omoya, amandla onke enkcubeko kunye neqoqo elihlangeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umntwana ongenakukhuseleka unokutshatyalaliswa ngabani na, kodwa ngakwezinye, kubonakaliswe ubungqina obukhulu. Ukuqonda komntu onokubambisa kunokutyhulwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchasana, kodwa i-archetype ekhanyayo yomntwana iyabahlanganisa.
I-archtype yoMlingo nguJung
Lo ngowona mqondiso wendalo, ufuzisela imfuno yolwazi nolwazi. Loo mfazi unokuba nomdla kwiimfihlelo zokuba, unqulo kunye no-esotericism. Uzungeze ngeentsizi, uthabatha kwaye ahlala ebonakalayo. Kubaphathi be-archtype enjalo, intuition ephakamileyo kakhulu iphawu. Iimzekelo zeJung archetypes ziquka uMary Poppins. Lo mboniso waboniswa kwi-movie "Muse". Ngoko babiza uhlangothi lokukhanya lomlumbi. Icala elimnyama libonakaliswa ngokukwazi ukucebisa nokucebisa, ubuqili, ukukhokela, ukukhupha umnqweno.
I-archtype ye-jester yiJung
Le ngqungquthela yokucinga yokudala, ebiza ngombono ongenakulungelelaniso wezinto. Iingcamango ze-archetypes ziquka iimpawu ezininzi, kodwa oku kuphela kusifundisa ukuba siphathe ubomi ngokulula ngaphandle kokucinga ngezinto abanye bacinga. Ubuqhophololo njengombane wokukhanya ekungabonakali kwehlabathi lanamhlanje kunye neendlela ezingenasiphelo zemihla ngemihla. Uzisa iintlanga kwihlabathi elihlelekile kwaye wenza iphupha lizaliseke. Ubonakaliswa ukunyanzelisa nokuzimela, ukudlala, okungahlawulwa ngumntu kuphela ebuntwaneni.
I-archetype yesidenge iyabancedisa abantu ukuba baphume emanzini, baphuma kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu. Zivulekile kwaye zinobubele, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuguqula nomsebenzi onobuqili kunye nenjongo yokubumba, ukuzisa umnqweno wokuzonwabisa kunye nokuzonwabisa. Umzekelo omhle nguSemyon Semyonovich kwifilimu ethi "I-Diamond Arm". UCharlie Chaplin kunye nentombazana emnandi uTosya evela kwibhayisikobho ethi "Amantombazana" nawo awakhanyayo abameli be-jester.