Iintlobo zehlabathi jikelele zitshintshile kunye nokuguquka komntu kunye nokwakhiwa kweemilinganiselo zokuziphatha, zokuziphatha nezenkcubeko. Amaxesha atshintshana, ezinye iimbono kwihlabathi zihlala zingatshintshi, kwaye ziyaqhubeka zichaphazela uluntu, ezinye ziyabonakala ngaphandle kokulandelwa.
Ihlabathi lembono yesakhiwo kunye neemeko zembali
Umbono wehlabathi - isethi yeembono eziqhelekileyo nezomntu, iingcinga zabantu kwihlabathi kunye nokusebenzisana nayo. Iintlobo zesimo sengqondo somuntu kunye nobuntu obufanayo zinokuthi zibe neepropati ezahlukeneyo. Isakhiwo sehlabathi siquka izinto ezihlukeneyo kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwabo. Amanqanaba okwakhiwa:
- imihla ngemihla okanye imihla ngemihla - ikhona kuwo wonke umntu, inceda ukubona ihlabathi limibalabala;
- ingqiqo-ingqiqo - ingqondo, inqanaba elincinci lombono wehlabathi, uphawu lwezodwa ezithile, izahluko zesayensi kunye neengcamango zabo, iingcamango.
Izinto ezibonakalayo zehlabathi:
- iinjongo;
- iinkolelo;
- ngcamango ;
- ixabiso eliphambili kuluntu;
- ulwazi.
Okubizwa ngokuba yi-triad yeembono ezibonakalayo zehlabathi kwiimbali zasendulo zifanelwe ukunakekelwa, ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokucacileyo indlela umboniso womhlaba owakhelwe ngayo, apho yena uzinzisa khona. Iimbali zeembali zeembono zeempawu zabo:
- I-Mythological - uhlobo oludala kunabo bonke behlabathi, edibene nemikhosi yendalo kunye nokuhlonela, ukuhlonipha ngendlela yoothixo abaninzi.
- Unqulo - abantu sele benomthombo wolwazi, iZibhalo kunye nemfundiso yayo, iziyalezo, i-monotheism yenziwa kunye nayo ngokomoya.
- Ifilosofi - ukuxhomekeka kwintliziyo, ukucinga ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokucinga okungapheliyo kweqiniso, ukulungiswa kwemibono kwihlabathi, ukuqiniswa kweengxabano zabo ezinengqiqo, ukuqiqa, umsebenzi wokuqiqa.
Iinkalo eziphambili zelizwe
Ngokomlando babumba iintlobo zembono: inkolelo, inkolo kunye nefilosofi zikhoyo kwiimbono kwihlabathi nakwabantu banamhlanje ukuya kumlinganiselo omkhulu okanye ngaphantsi. Ziziphi iintlobo zeembono zehlabathi ezikhoyo kwifom nganye nganye zingafundwa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zenkolo kunye nefilosofi, kwaye ukufunda iimbali zamandulo zingasisondeza ekuqondeni iinkqubo ezenzeka kumntu ekujonganeni nehlabathi eliyikrakra nelikhulu.
Iintlobo zehlabathi jikelele kwifilosofi
Ukwahlula kweentlobo zeembono zehlabathi kwifilosofi kuncitshiswe kwiindlela ezixilisayo zokuqwalasela ihlabathi, ezibandakanya:
- IYunivesithi yindlela yokuqonda ukuba kusekelwe kwimithetho yendalo yobulumko kunye nemigangatho yendalo yonke yokuziphatha kunye nokomoya.
- Ukugqithisa - bonke abafilosofi bavame ukuchazela umyalelo wehlabathi, bathembela kwisiqalo esisodwa esisigxina.
Umbono wehlabathi wefilosofi wakhiwa ngokungathandabuzeki, okuyiyo ingqalelo. Ifilosofi, ekukhangela inyaniso, igxeka amasiko, iziganeko zemihla ngemihla, iimpawu zenkcubeko kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Bonke abagqithisa ukuvavanywa kwexesha kunye neefom ngaphantsi koko ngokwabo kuboniswe ngabafilosofi kwisiseko esiqinileyo solwazi, abanye balahla njengento engapheliyo kwaye bephelile.
Uhlobo lwembali lwengqondo yehlabathi
I-Mythology njengoluhlobo lwehlabathi jikelele lugcwele amava kunye nemifanekiso. Ngomntu onokuqala, inkolelo yinto ebalulekileyo yokucinga kunye nesimo sengqondo ebomini; yinto ebonakalayo eyenziwe ngokoqobo, yonke into inokuchazwa ngoncedo lwenkolelo. Kubantu basendulo, ukucinga ngengcamango kwakuhambisana nesayensi kwaye waphendula imibuzo emininzi ebalulekileyo:
- zeziphi izinto eziqhelekileyo;
- oko umntu angakufeza ngoncedo lomsebenzi othile;
- indlela yokujongana nobubi;
- okulungileyo nokubi;
- indlela yonke into eyenzekayo ngayo: unkulunkulu, indawo, amaplanethi, izilwanyana, abantu;
- ukuba kukho ubomi, ukufa.
Uhlobo lonqulo lwemibono
Ukuqwalasela iintlobo kunye neentlobo zeembono zehlabathi kubalulekile ukubona kwixabiso ngalinye abazenzayo ngokwabo. Inkolo iye yazisa intsingiselo ebomini ebomini nasenjongo. UThixo njengegunya eliphezulu lihlanganisa abantu. Umbono wehlabathi wenkolo uhlukanisa umhlaba ube ngowomhlaba ngexesha lobomi kunye nokungaqhelekanga - emva kokufa umphefumlo uthunyelwa kwindawo ehambelana nokufaneleka kwayo ezulwini okanye esihogweni. Inkolelo yenkolo isekelwe elukholweni, akudingeki ubungqina besayensi. Kuba kukholwa, ubungqina bokukho koThixo buyingqiqo, amava amnandi.
Isayensi njengoluhlobo lwelizwe
Iintlobo zembono zazingayi kugqitywa ngaphandle kokubandakanywa kwezesayensi kuzo eziye zaqala ukubusa ukususela ngekhulu le-18. Ziziphi iintlobo zeembono zehlabathi ezenzululwazi zisuka ngoku ngoku? Yonke into efana neyakhe ilandelelaniswa: iimbali, ifilosofi kunye nenkolo. Izazi-mlando kunye nabavubukuli banezinto ezininzi zenzululwazi kunye neembakala ukuba kutheni kwaye kwenzelwa njani le nto okanye loo mbono. Iindlela zokwazisa zinegalelo ekuvelweni kweembono zezesayensi zehlabathi:
- mfundiso;
- zifundo;
- ngqiqweni;
- hlalutyo no
- ukudibanisa iindlela zokufunda kunye nezindlela ezisebenzayo;
- ku qulunqwa;
- ku ncitshiswa.
Iintlobo zembono - ubuchule kunye neengxaki
Iintlobo zembono yomntu ngamnye unokuba nomlinganiselo ohlukileyo kwaye ukusuka kulo mfanekiso wehlabathi ubheka umntu, nangona unemisebenzi eqhelekileyo kuninzi. Omnye unokukholelwa kuThixo kwaye ube ngaxeshanye inzululwazi olungileyo esekelwe kwiinyani zinyani, kwaye unokudibanisa ngokwakho kunye neengqiqo kunye neenkolelo zenkolo kwaye ngelo xesha ulungele kule nto ngokuvisisanayo. Luhlobo luni lombono oluchanekileyo - akukho mpendulo efanelekileyo kulo mbuzo. Iintlobo zeembono ezinamandla nezibuthathaka:
- Umbono wehlabathi we-Mythological - unikeza unxibelelwano phakathi kwezizukulwana, ikuvumela ukuba ukhangelelwe ngobuchule kwaye ukhangeleke ngokubonakalayo kwihlabathi, uyibone njengobonakaliso obunamandla bemvelo, kodwa ngokwayo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye kungenangqiqo kwaye kuphazamiseke.
- Inkolo ifana neengcamango ngokwembonakalo yokungabonakali kwehlabathi, kodwa inika umntu ukuba ahambelane nemimiselo yezenhlalakahle nezokuziphatha, ngokubaluleka kwamkelekileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza ubunye.
- Ifilosofi - idibanisa umbono ongenangqiqo wehlabathi kunye nesayensi kunye nokuzalisa iimbali zeenkolelo kunye nenkolo.
- I-worldview view - ichaza ihlabathi ngoncedo lweengcamango, inyaniso, oko kwakucingelwa ukuba kwakusuka kummandla wemimangaliso ufumana ukulungiswa kwayo kwezesayensi, kodwa akusiyo yonke into ebolekayo kwisigqibo kunye nengqiqo.
Ziziphi iintlobo zehlabathi ezibonakalayo kwilizwe lanamhlanje?
Iintlobo kunye neentlobo zehlabathi jikelele zendoda yanamhlanje zenza utshintsho-yobudala be-teknoloji yedijithali, ukuvunywa kunye nokufikeleleka kwezinto ezaziye zavalwa ngaphambili kwaye zigwetywe-namhlanje ziqhelekileyo zobomi. Inkxalabo yokomoya kunye nokulahlekelwa kwexabiso kuye kwaba negalelo elinamandla kwimibono yabantu, abameli beenkolelo ezahlukeneyo abazange bathathele ukuthetha ukuba ngaba kunjalo ngokwenene-ixesha liya kuxela.