Yintoni eyaziwayo - ukususela kwimihla yamandulo iingcinga kunye nabaphili baye bazama ukuyiqonda njengento, ngaba ihlobene nomphefumlo okanye ingumphefumlo ngokwawo? Ngaba ingqondo ifa nomntu? Akukho zimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi namhlanje, kodwa omnye unokuthi ngokuqonda ngaphandle kwakhe akukho mntu ucingayo.
Ubulumko - inkcazo
Ubumnono ngumsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu wengqondo, uphawu lwabantu kuphela kwaye luquka ukubonakalisa into eyinyani, ukusebenzisana nayo ngokwakhiwa kwengqondo kwezenzo engqondweni, ukubala kwangaphambili kweziphumo nokufezekiswa kwihlabathi langaphandle. Ubulumko bunxulumene ngokuthetha kunye nokucinga . Isakhiwo sobulumko kwifilosofi sinxibelelana ngakumbi kunye nentlalo, kwingqondo yengqondo ininzi ingqalelo kwintlawulo yomntu eyavela kwaye yahlukana nolwazi lwentlalo.
Yintoni eyaziwayo kwingqondo?
Yintoni ukuqonda komntu ukususela kwinqanaba leengqondo zeengqondo? Ukunyamekela kwengqondo kubonakalisa umntu ngokwakhe, umsebenzi wakhe kunye nenyaniso apho ekhona-ngoko uL. Vgotsky acingisisa. Iingcali zeengqondo zesiFrentshi iHalbwachs neDurkheim zazibona ingqondo njengendiza eneengcinga kunye nemiqondo ecacileyo kuyo. UWork James uchaza ingqondo njengenkosi yeenkqubo zengqondo ezenzeka ngolu hlobo.
Yintoni eyaziwayo kwifilosofi?
Ubulumko kwifilosofi yikhono lokufunda izinto, ukubalana nabo kunye nehlabathi lonke. Ubunono luhlobo olungenakucingelwa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwehlabathi. Umntu uyamkeleka ngokupheleleyo ngengqondo kwaye akakwazi ukuhamba ngaphaya kwayo, kuvela ukuba ukuba akukho nto iyazi, ngokokuba umntu akakho nto. Imizila eyahlukeneyo yefilosofi isichaza ingqondo ngendlela yabo:
- Ukwahlukana (Plato, Descartes) - umoya (ingqondo) kunye nombandela (umzimba) zizimeko ezimbini ezizimeleyo kodwa ezongezelelweyo. Umzimba uyafa, kodwa ingqondo ayifi, kwaye emva kokufa, ihlabathi leengcamango kunye neefom zibuya.
- Iimbono (J. Berkeley) - ingqalelo yintloko, kwaye izinto zezinto eziphathekayo azikho ngaphandle kwengqiqo yolwazi.
- Ukuthanda izinto eziphathekayo (F. Engels, D. Davidson) - ingqalelo yipropati yemicimbi ehleleke kakhulu, ebonisa umhlaba kunye nomdali wayo.
- UbuHindu kukuqonda "ubungqina obunzulu obungabonakaliyo obujonga izenzo zendalo (Practi).
- UbuBuddha - konke ukuqonda.
Ubunono babantu
Isakhiwo sokuqonda siquka isimo sengqondo esithile kwimeko yendalo, kubantu kunye nakulo mfanekiso ngamnye wehlabathi. Ubudlelwane obusondezayo, ukuqonda kunye namava - zonke ezi ziyimpawu zolwazi lwabantu, ukuphuhlisa ngqo kuluntu. Ukuba senza umgangatho wokuqonda, sinokuhlukanisa izakhiwo ezisisiseko:
- umsebenzi - ukuqonda okubonakalayo kwehlabathi ngomntu ngokubaluleka;
- injongo - umnqweno okanye ukukhanga ekuzalisekeni kweenjongo ezicwangcisiweyo.
Imisebenzi yolwazi
Isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi yolwazi zijoliswe ekusebenzisaneni kunye nehlabathi langaphandle, into eyenziwa ngumntu ngamnye ubomi kunye nokusebenza njengabalawuli ekuxazululeni iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kunye nokufumana amava. Imisebenzi elandelayo yokuqonda iyabaluleke kakhulu:
- (uhlolo, uhlolo kunye nokuqhathaniswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezenzo ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo lwendalo, ukulawulwa kokuziphatha kwabo kunye nefuthe kwiqela);
- ukudala ukuqonda (uhlobo lwenkcazo yemvelo, iziganeko zeendlela kunye nokufumana amava olwahlukileyo kunye nenkululeko apho unokudala into entsha);
- ingqiqo (njengesiphumo sokuguqula izinto eziphathekayo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhipha ulwazi malunga nenyaniso);
- ukunxibelelana (usebenzisa ukuqonda kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha nezengxelo, iindlela zonxibelelwano zamanxibelelwano zangoku);
- ukuqokelela (ulwazi olusekelwe kwimemori luqokelela ulwazi lokuba umntu othile uzikhiphe, okanye ulwazi lwezizukulwana zangaphambili);
- i-axiological (ikhono lokuqonda ukuvavanya ulwazi, izenzo kunye nezenzo zabanye abantu kwaye zisebenzise ngokuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zabo zangempela).
Amanqanaba okuqonda
Inxalenye ephambili yolwazi kukuqonda "I" - "Ndinguye!", "Ndicinga!" "Ndikhoyo!". Izitha okanye amanqanaba omntu, ukunikela kwizinto umntu angatsho ngaye ngokwakhe "Ndi ..!":
- Ukuqonda - iqulethe imvelaphi yokuqala, imifanekiso kunye neentsingiselo zizalelwa apha (amava, iipropati zentshukumo, umsebenzi osebenzayo, imifanekiso yezentlupheko), kwaye kubonakaliswa kwaye kwenziwe (imisebenzi enzima
- Ukuqaphela ukucinga kukucinga ngehlabathi , ukuziphatha okuzilawulayo (ukuziqonda, ukuzazi ngokwabo, ukuzithemba, ukuzibonakalisa ngokwakho okanye ukuzithengisa). Olu luhlu lwengqondo lwenza umsebenzi wokuhlalutya imeko, ukwahlula konke kwiindawo kunye nokutyhila ubudlelwane obangela imbangela.
Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo
Isitshixo kunye nesakhiwo sobulumko sitshintshile kwindlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, njengoko kuboniswe ukusuka kumanyathelo emva komnye emva komnye:
- I-Psychic yezilwanyana kunye nobungaphambi komntu . Lapha ukungafani kungabonakali, akukho mntu uyaziqonda, kodwa ama-prehumans ahluke kwiinkwenkwezi ezinengqondo ngokubonakala koluntu, okubandakanya ingcamango efanayo, umsebenzi, enye kubo bonke, becinga ukuba kukunyusa ukuphuhliswa kwesigaba esilandelayo.
- Ingqondo . Phakathi kwe "ipakethe" yabantu, umntu oqinileyo noqili "owaziwayo" uyabonakala: inkokheli, isakhiwo esinobuchule, sibonakala sineengxaki. Ingqondo ye-Herd yenza ukuba umntu ngamnye azikhusele ngakumbi, kwaye iinjongo ezifanayo kunye nemisebenzi yancedisa ukuthatha indawo kunye nokwandisa inani leenkomo.
- Ukuqonda komntu onengqiqo . Ukufunyanwa kwimihla ngemihla kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweenkqubo zendalo kubambe iqhaza ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yeentlanzi ngokubanzi kumntu onengqiqo. Ukucamngca ngokwabo kunye nemeko yezinto zibonakala.
- Ubulumko bendoda yoluntu, ukuzimela . Ukufezeka kwemisebenzi ephezulu yengqondo kuqhutyelwa: intetho, ukucinga (ngokukodwa okungabonakaliyo).
Ulawulo lokuqonda
Ukuze ukwazi ukuzilawula kufuneka ukwazi ukuba yintoni ukuqonda, yiziphi iinkqubo zengqondo ezenzeka kwingqondo, ngaphandle kokuba kunzima ukuzilungelelanisa ukufezekisa iinjongo, ukudala iinjongo. Iyiphi indima ukuqonda okudlalayo ebomini bomntu kubonakala kuyo yonke imisebenzi ebonakalayo ekhonkco. Ngaphambi kokuba into ethile isetyenziswe, umntu uyayakhela entloko yakhe, ngoko kusetyenziswa imisebenzi ethile, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto kudala. Ngaphandle kolawulo kunye nokulawulwa kwengqondo, nayiphi na imisebenzi ayinakufikeleleka - yile nxaxheba ethile yokuqonda.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kobuchule kunye noxhaswa ngumntu
Ubulumko kunye nokungazi kakuhle kwiingqondo zengqungquthela yengqondo yabantu. Phakathi kwabo kukho intsebenziswano, kukholelwa ukuba ukuqonda "kuphela kwinqanaba le-iceberg", kanti ingenangqondo yinto ebumnyama, engaphantsi kwayo yonke into umntu engayiboni ngokufihlayo ayifihliweyo. Ngoncedo lwezengqondo ze-psychoanalytic kunye ne-transnational, i- hypnosis , iingcali zinokukunceda ukuchonga iindawo ezidlulileyo eziye zatshatyalaliswa ezingenalwazi, ezichaphazela impilo namhlanje.
Iyintoni ingqalelo yoluntu?
Ngethuba ngalinye kwimbali yoluntu kwakukho iziphakamiso zabo, iinkolelo, iingcamango - ngokubanzi kunye nolwazi lwentlalo oluchasene nomntu kwaye lubeka ngaphakathi kwimeko yokomoya. Ukuqaphela uluntu kwifilosofi, njengento eqaqambileyo kwimihla yakudala, yavusa umdla omkhulu wenzululwazi kunye nabacebisi bacacisa kwakhona njengengqondo ehlangeneyo.
Amanqanaba entlalo yolwazi
Ukuvela nokuphuhliswa kokuqonda komntu kuhambelana ngqo nezo nkqubo ezenzeka kuluntu ngexesha elithile. Ukuqonda komntu ngamnye "ukudibanisa" kunye nolunye uhlobo lwentliziyo yoluntu. Indlela abantu abaye bayibona ngayo kunye nokusebenzisana neengqinamba ezijikelezayo ziqinisekisa amanqanaba okuphuhliswa kolwazi lwentlalo nobunzulu. Ifilosofi kunye neentlalo-zentlukwano zihlula amanqanaba alandelayo olwazi lwentlalo, ezine zazo:
- Eziqhelekileyo - ziqhelekileyo kubo bonke abantu bePlanethi yomhlaba kwaye zenziwa ngamanyathelo okwenza imihla ngemihla. Yintoni eqhelekileyo engqondweni? Ngokwalo, ngokukhawuleza, kungekhona inkqubo, isiseko salo lonke usuku lwamava.
- Iingqinisiso - inyaniso ibonakaliswe kwizinga elibalulekileyo, zonke iziganeko kunye neengcamango zobomi bentlalo zichanekile, kule nqanaba kukho ukuqonda kwemithetho yophuhliso. Abathwali beengcinga zoluntu: izazinzulu, izalelo zezohlukeneyo zesayensi. Ingqiqo kunye nolwazi oluqhelekileyo luyabambisana kwaye luphuhlise enye yenye.
- Ingqondo yengqondo - yonke into eyenzekayo emphakathini, isisombululo sokubandezeleka, imixholo, izithethe ezithile. Yenziwe ngokuxhomekeke ngokusondeleyo nophuhliso lwembali, lungahluka kumaqela ahlukeneyo okanye kwicandelo loluntu. Iingqondo zentlalo zibonisa isimo sengqondo sabantu kwizinto ezinobomi bezenhlalakahle, umlinganiso wesizwe kunye nengqiqo.
- Imbono yinqanaba elibonisa inkqubo yeembono kunye nesimo sengqondo somphakathi, ukomoya, iimfuno kunye nezinto ezithandayo. Yakhiwa ngabapolitiki, iingcamologists, izazinzululwazi ngenjongo.