Kwintlalo yanamhlanje, umgaqo wokukhululwa uwaziwa ixesha elide kwaye lisetyenziselwa ngokubambisana kunye nolwabhinqa lobufazi, ngelixa ububanzi bokusetyenziswa kweentlalo zentlalontle kuthinta amanqanaba amaninzi ebomi kuluntu.
Emancipation - yintoni na?
Intsingiselo yesizwe esithetha ngegama lesiLatini. mancipatio - kumthetho wamaRoma ukukhululwa kwabantwana (oonyana) ukusuka kwigunya lobazali okanye ukugcinwa kunye nokuwadlulisela komnye umbusi. Ngenkcazo yanamhla, ukukhululwa kukukhulula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulahla, ukubandlulula, ukunyanzelwa ngabanye kunye nokunikezelwa kwamalungelo alinganayo kuluntu kungakhathaliseki ukuba isini kunye nobuzwe. Ixesha lokukhululwa, libolekele iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesayensi -engqondo, inzululwazi, imbali, ifilosofi, izakhiwo zomthetho. Kukho nawuphi na umgangatho wesicelo, ukukhululwa kubonakaliswe ngamagama:
- ukuqonda;
- nelelo;
- ibango lamandla;
- inkululeko;
- imvume.
Iimpawu ze-Emancipation
Ngamaxesha onke abantu baye bazama ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi, ukuziqonda nokuziqonda kuluntu. Ukunyuka komntu kubonisa ukuba umntu unophulaphulo kwinto kwaye injongo yakhe kukufumana inkululeko okanye amalungelo. Iimpawu zemiqathango yokukhululwa koluntu:
- lihlala liyingqungquthela;
- Abameli beentambo zokukhululwa bahlonywe ngokwempawu enye (ukunyuka kwabasetyhini, imitshato yobulili obufanayo, amalungelo amaYuda, njl);
- ukukhokelwa kwenjongo yokukhululwa: ukukhusela inkululeko, ukuzisa ibhilikhwe yokuqwalasela, ukuphuma ekungenisweni komntu, ukulwa nokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziphambili kuluntu.
Emancipation - yintoni na?
Nasiphi na isiganeko esitshintshela ubuso bentlalo yonke ibeka imiphumo ethile engabonakali ngokukhawuleza, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile. Yintoni eyenza ukukhululwa njengento ehleliweyo kuluntu ixesha elide? Ukunyuka kwamanzi kuyafuneka ukuba utshintsho kwicandelo loluntu, kunye nokufumana amandla. Iqela labantu, ukuvikela ukuzimela kwabo kunye namalungelo, befezekise iinjongo zabo, baqala ukunyanzelisa uluvo lwabo kunye nokuthanda kuluntu ngokubanzi, ukuthatha isikhundla sokuphakama ngexesha elinye.
Emancipation - "ngokuba" kunye "nokuchasene"
Umxholo othi "ukukhululwa" unemiba ephikisanayo. Inqaku elihle lifumaneka kwimeko yokwamkelwa koluntu kunye nesimo sabantu abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokulwa okanye ukulwa. Imba engalunganga ivela kwimiphumo yokukhululwa kwikamva. Akukho ntetho yegolide apha. Izazi-zembali zezenzululwazi kunye neentlalo-zenzululwazi zinika imizekelo emininzi, apho ukukhululwa kuvela khona ngokukhawuleza kumacandelo amabini:
- Ukukhululwa kobulili kwaqala ngomzabalazo wamalungelo abantu abancinci bezesondo. Okwangoku, unobumba obunobunye obunobunye obunelungelo lobulili luye lwavela - indoda engabelana ngezinto ezithandwayo ngenxa yesondo, okungekho kuye, kwaye yena ngokwakhe akayindoda okanye umfazi.
- Ukunyuka kwamakhosikazi: ukulingana namadoda kuzo zonke iindawo kuye kwabangela abafazi ukuba "babantu."
- Uhlanga olwaluhlala luxinzezelwe ngaphambili, luzinzile ngokwamalungelo alo, luqala ukuqalisa izibonelelo kunye nempumelelo yolunye uhlanga olulinganayo. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukulahlekelwa yesazisi kunye nenkcubeko, kunye nokuphakanyiswa komntu.
Ukunyuka kwamanzi kunye nobufazi - yintoni umehluko?
Inxaxheba yabasetyhini kuluntu, ukususela kwixesha la mandulo, liye laphantsi kwaye ligcinwe kwintsapho: umfazi, unina okanye inceku, umkhonzi. Ilungelo labasetyhini lokuvota - ukuba ubuya emva kweeminyaka eziliqela kwaye ubuza amadoda, baya kuphazamiseka. Namhlanje, kumazwe amaninzi, amabhinqa amahle akhululekile ukukhetha: umsebenzi, umtshato, unqulo. Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba kunye nolwasempini kubangelwa imilinganiselo ehambelanayo, ulwahlulo phakathi kwabo kukuba ubufazi buyinto ekhokelwa ngabasetyhini, kunye nokukhululwa yinkqubo ebandakanya umzabalazo wamabhinqa ngokulingana namadoda.
Emancipation yabantwana
Ihlabathi lomntwana osemncinci litshintshile kule minyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Ubume bentlalo inikezela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kunye nemilinganiselo kwaye yonke imihla yinto entsha. Ingqondo yengane eselula (ininzi isiselula) yenzelwe ukuba ifune ukufumana igunya phakathi kwabangontanga, kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukuqala ukufumana nokufumana into enokwakheka kwaye ibalulekile. Yintoni ukukhululwa kwabantwana? Kwimigqaliselo yomthetho, le ngcamango ibonisa amandla epheleleyo yommi woluntu ofikelele kwiminyaka eyi-16 kwaye uyenziwa ngemvume yabazali:
- xa ungena kwisivumelwano somsebenzi / isivumelwano phakathi kwentsha kunye nomqeshi;
- intlangano yemisebenzi yezoshishino;
- ukungena komncinci kumtshato womthetho.
I-Women's Emancipation
Kwimimandla yanamhlanje, abafazi baye bafikelela kwizikhundla eziphezulu, ngenxa yokuba iinkulungwane eziliqela ezedlulileyo bathetha ukujoyina iinzame zabo ekusekeleni ilungelo lokusebenzisa ubomi babo ngenxa yokuzikhethela. Ukukhululwa kwabasetyhini yinkqubo eyenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba lamagqabantshintshi angamaqela emveli, ngenxa yokokuba abafazi banamalungelo alinganayo namadoda:
- ukhethe imfundo;
- ukonyulwa kumalungu olawulo lwezopolitiko kunye noluntu;
- ukutshata okanye ukukhokela " indlela yokuphila " njengomntu;
- ukukhipha isisu ngaphandle kwemvume yentsapho;
- fumana umvuzo olinganayo;
- Ukufezekisa umsebenzi wabasebenzi kwimisebenzi ebeyithathwa njengelungelo lamadoda.
I-Orthodoxy malunga nokukhululwa kwabasetyhini
Ingxaki yokukhululwa kwabasetyhini yimbambano ebalulekileyo yokholo, ii-Hieroschemon i-Valentin Gurevich iyicinga. Imeko yokomoya yowesifazane ngumgca wendlela yokuziphatha yabantu. Icawa yamaOthodoki ibona ukuba ukukhululwa kutshaba olulinganayo njengalowo umlindi wenyoka okhohlisa u-Eva nesityalo 'sobulumko' - ukuba wayenambitha loo nto, umntu uya kuba njengoThixo. Owesifazane wanamhlanje ufana nesondo esinamandla. Ingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhululwa ngumngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kweziko lemveli lentsapho. Imfundiso yezenkolo ibona kule nkohlakalo kunye nokuhla komgangatho woluntu.
Emancipation - inyaniso enomdla
Umntu wayehlala efuna izinto ezingcono, ukhuseleko, ukuqaphela. Abantu, ukudibanisa ngamaqela kwimibono , iingcamango nokukhusela amalungelo abo kuthintela uluntu, ilizwe kunye nomhlaba wonke. Iyintoni umphumo wokukhululwa, kwimeko ethile, uhlalutyo luyadingeka emva kwexesha apho kunokwenzeka ukuhlalutya "iiluncedo" kunye "neengxaki". Amaqiniso anomdla anxulumene nokukhululwa:
- Ngaphambi kokukhululwa komntwana osemtsha, owaqala ngeXIXX. kwaye iqhubekele injongo yokukhulula abantwana kwizinto ezigqithiseleyo ngokulinganayo kunye nabantu abadala.
- Ukulwa nokukhululwa kwabesifazane ngesiseko seengxowa-zintlalo zentlalo phakathi kwabantu, iinani libonisa inani ukusuka ku-42% ukuya ku-45%. Ubundlobongela obuqinileyo bukholelwa ukuba ukulingana kubangele ukulimaza kwintsapho yoluntu.
- Izazi zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba ukukhululwa komntu obuthathaka obusetyhini kuye kwaholela ekubeni kususwe uxanduva lwe "getter" kubantu kunye nomnqweno wokunyamekela lo mfazi.
- Igama elithi "ukukhululwa" lisetyenziselwa kumculo womculo: ukungadibanisi (isandi esingenangqondo) sikhululwe kwisidingo sokugqitywa ngokugqithisa (ukuvumelanisa ukuvumelanisa).