Imithetho ephambili yokucinga okulungileyo sele yaziwa kusukela ngexesha lika-Aristotle. Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba uneminyaka engakanani kunye nomnxibelelwano wakho, yintoni imisebenzi yakho, imimiselo yentlalo kunye noko ucinga ngako malunga neengcamango ngokubanzi, le mithetho iyaqhubeka isebenza kwaye ayikwazi ukutshintshwa okanye isuswe.
Sisebenzisa imithetho yokucinga ngokucwangcisekileyo imihla ngemihla. Kwaye bengazi kakuhle njalo ukuba ngaba bephulwa. Ukususela kwingcamango yengqondo, ukungagcinwa kwemithetho eyimfuneko yintlungu yokucinga .
Umthetho wesazisi
Lo mthetho uthi nayiphi na ingcamango ifana nayo. Isitatimende ngasinye kufuneka sibe nengqiqo engaqondakaliyo, eqondakalayo kumnxibelelwano. Amagama kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela kwiinjongo zabo eziyinyaniso, injongo. Ukufakwa kweengcamango, i-puns ibhekisela ekuphulaphuleni imithetho eyintloko yokucinga. Xa enye ingxoxo ingena endaweni enye, icala ngalinye lenza umqondo ohlukileyo, kodwa incoko iyabonwa njengengxoxo yento efanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukufaka endaweni kungenjongo kwaye inomnqweno wokudukisa umntu ngenjongo ethile.
NgesiRashiya kunamagama amaninzi afanayo kunye nokupela isipelisi, kodwa ehlukileyo kwintsimi (i-homonyms), ngoko intsingiselo yamagama anjalo ibonakaliswe kumxholo. Ngokomzekelo: "Izambatho zembatho ezivela emanzini emvelo" (sithetha ngoboya) kwaye "Dug mink" (ukusuka kumxholo kucacile ukuba kweli binzana lithetha umngcwabo wezilwanyana).
Ukufakelwa kwentsingiselo yalo mgaqo kubangela ukuphulwa komthetho wesazisi, ngenxa yokuba kukho ukungaqondani malunga neengxoxo, iingxabano okanye izigqibo eziphosakeleyo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo umthetho wezazisi uphulwa ngenxa yengcamango engacacanga yentsingiselo yengxoxo. Ngamanye amaxesha elinye igama ekumelelweni kwabantu ngabanye linentsingiselo ehlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, "i-erudite" kwaye "ifundiswe" idlalwa njengento efanayo kwaye ayisetyenziswanga ngokwayo.
Umthetho wokungahambisani
Ukuqhubela phambili kulo myalelo, kulandela ukuba nenyaniso yeengcamango ezichasayo, abanye baya kuba buxoki, kungakhathaliseki inani labo. Kodwa ukuba enye yeengcamango zibuxoki, oku akuthethi ukuba into eyahlukileyo iya kuba yinyaniso. Umzekelo: "Akukho mntu ucinga njalo" kwaye "Wonke umntu ucinga njalo". Kule meko, ukunyaniseka kwengcamango yokuqala akubonakali inyaniso yesibini. Umthetho wokungqubuzana usebenza kuphela xa umthetho wesazisi ubonwa, xa intsingiselo yengxoxo ingabonakali.
Kukho iingcamango ezihambelanayo ezingavumiyo. "Baye" kwaye "beza" bangasetyenziswe kwisigwebo esisodwa kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha okanye indawo. Umzekelo: "Bashiya i-cinema baza ekhaya." Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo akunakwenzeka ukuba ushiye kwaye ufike kwindawo enye. Asikwazi ukuxela enye into kwaye siyikhanye.
Umthetho wesithathu ongabandakanyiyo
Ukuba enye inkohlakalo ingamanga, ke ingxelo ephikisanayo iya kuba yinyani. Umzekelo: "Ndinabantwana," okanye "andinabantwana." Inketho yesithathu ayinakwenzeka. Abantwana abanako ukufundiswa okanye bafana. Lo mthetho uthetha ukukhetha "okanye-okanye" okanye ". Iingxelo zombini eziphikisanayo azikwazi ukunyaniseka, kwaye azikwazi ukunyaniseka ngexesha elifanayo. Ngokungafani nomthetho odlulileyo wokucinga okuchanekileyo, apha asikhulumi malunga nokuchasene, kodwa malunga neengcamango eziphikisanayo.
Umthetho wesizathu esihle
Umthetho wesine weengcinga ezichanekileyo wafunyanwa emva kwexesha elidlulileyo. Kulandela ukuba nayiphi na ingcamango ifanelekile. Ukuba le nkcazo ayinakuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ingabonakaliswa, ngoko kungenakuqwalaselwa, ngenxa yokuba ziya kuthathwa njengolubuxoki. Iimviwo ziyi-axioms kunye nemithetho, kuba sele sele iqinisekiswa yiminyaka emininzi yolwazi lwesintu kwaye ithathwa njengeyinyaniso yokuba ayifuni naluphi na ubungqina.
Akukho nkcazo, akukho sizathu okanye ingcamango ingaqwalaselwa yinyani ngaphandle kokuba banalo ubungqina obaneleyo.