I-pneumonia, iimpawu zazo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo ezibonakalisa zona ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, yingozi yokonakalisa imiphunga. Esi sifo sisifo esithathelwanayo kunye nesibindi. Njengomthetho, zonke izicatshulwa zezicubu zepmonta zibandakanyeke kuwo, kwaye ukuba unyango lwe-illness isingagqithwa, kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi.
Yintoni i-pneumonia, kwaye yingozi kangakanani na?
Ukuvuvukala kuqala ngenxa yomsebenzi we-microorganisms of pathogenic. Esi sifo esiqhelekileyo, esichazwe ngabantu abali-12-14 ukusuka ku-1000, ngokutsho kweenani-manani. Ukuba ufumanisa isigulo ngexesha kwaye uqala ukunyanga ngokufanelekileyo, ukuhlangabezana nokuvuvukala akunzima, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthathe amanyathelo. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kude kube ngoku, imiphunga ye-pneumonia isifo esibulalayo.
Iyintoni ingozi yempumoniya? Iifom ezintle zesifo zingakhokelela ekutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu zomphunga, kwaye iziphumo zetekisi zibangelwa ukuphelelwa yintliziyo, i-hepatic, intshontsho kunye nokuphefumula okuphefumulayo, ukutshatyalaliswa okunesifo esiyingozi. Ukongeza, i-pneumonia ibangela kunye neengxaki ezingekho kompommonary:
- encephalitis;
- i hepatitis;
- sepsis;
- i-meningitis;
- otitis media;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- i-mastoiditis;
- kwengqondo.
I-Pneumonia - iindidi
Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana banokuchaphazeleka ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo. Iintlobo zokuvuvuka kwemiphunga zichongiwe kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo:
- i-etiology ye-pathogen ebangela isifo;
- isantya sobunzima besifo;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala;
- uluhlu lwezonyango zezigulane.
Pneumonia
Le ngenye yeentlobo zesibindi sokuvuvukala. I-pneumonia ejolise kuyo, iimpawu zazo kwiimeko nganye zibonakaliswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zibonakaliswa ngokuqalisa kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwiindawo ezincinci zeengxube zamaphaphu. Njengomthetho, ichaphazela iiyunithi ezincinci zakhiwo - i-pulmonary lobules. Ukugxilwa kwemiphunga kubantu abadala kuvela kwiimeko ezininzi.
Croupous pneumonia
Ngale fomu yesifo, inkqubo enkulu yokuvuvukala kwamanye amazwe iyabonwa. I-croupous pneumonia kubantu abadala ihamba ne-syndrome ephawulekayo yobunxila. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuncediswa ukutshintshwa okwesibini okuvela kwizitho zangaphakathi. Ukuba isiguli asifumani unyango olufike ngexesha, ukukhubazeka kungakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeengqondo ze-hypoxia okanye i-cardiovascular and respiratory failure.
I-croupous pneumonia, iimpawu zazo ezibizwa ngokubanzi, zikhula kwizigaba ezine:
- Uhlala emva kweentsuku ezi-1-3, apho i-alveoli ikhula, kwaye iqokelela i-exudate.
- Uhlala kwiintsuku eziyi-3-5. Ngelo thuba, umoya okhutshwe kwi-alveoli ithathelwa indawo yombonakalo owenziwe nge-leukocyte, iiseli ezibomvu zeeseli, iiseli ze-epithelial.
- I-leukocytes iqala ukubeka phambili kwi-exudate.
- Iza ngomhla we-7-11. Inkqubo yokuhlaziya i-fibrin iqala.
Unilateral pneumonia
Olu hlobo lwesifo lubonakaliswe kukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwimpompo kuphela. I-pneumonia ephilileyo yecala yenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo kune-pneumonia yangasese. Isizathu kukuba i-bronchus elungileyo itholakala ngokugqithiseleyo ukusuka phezulu, kwaye i-pathogenic microorganms ikhetha ukuqokelela kuyo. Ukongezelela, ilungu lincinane kwaye lincinci kunasekhohlo. Ukukhusela iingxaki, ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimpawu ze-pneumonia zisekunene ziqala ukubonakalisa, ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko ukuba ufumane ingxaki.
Pneumonia ezimbini
Le yipilisi ye-pulmary serious, ebonakalayo ngokutshatyalaliswa kweemiphophu ezisekhohlo kunye namanene. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-pneumonia ye-bilateral isiphumo somsebenzi webhakteria ye-pneumococcal. Esi sifo sinzima, kaninzi sinikeza iingxaki, ngamanye amaxesha zikhokelela ekufeni. I-pneumonia ye-Bilateral ingabonakalisa iimpawu emzimbeni wezigulane zanoma yiphina ubudala, kodwa njengomthetho, kubalulekile ukuba uhlupheke ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba abo abanokukhuseleka abazibandakanye ngokupheleleyo okanye bathathaka.
I-Pneumonia - Izizathu
Iinkqubo ezivuthayo ziqala ngenxa yezifo ezikhoyo zentsholongwane. Ezi zilandelayo zikhokelela ekuvukeleni kwiphepha eliphezulu lokuphefumula kwaye zenze iimeko ezizinzileyo zokuveliswa kweebhaktheriya. Ukubeka nje, izimbangela eziphambili ze-pneumonia ziyi-pathogens. Iziganeko ezinqumle ukusuleleka kwe-pneumonia zi:
- izifo ezingapheliyo (intliziyo, izintso, imiphunga);
- aneshesia;
- i-immunodeficiency;
- Ukuguga (izigulane ezingaphezu kwama-60 kunye ne-pneumonia ziyakwazi ukugula);
- ukufezekisa inkqubo yokuphuphuma umoya emiphakeni;
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-nicotin kunye notywala;
- uxinzelelo;
- umonakalo ngomatshini kwisifuba;
- i-oncology;
- kuphumla kwexesha lokulala.
I-ejenti yokubangela i-pneumonia
Phantse njalo i-agent engabangela ukuba ifikelele emiphakeni ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumula. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, usulelo luvela ngegazi ukusuka kwezinye iindawo ezikhuselekileyo emzimbeni. Emva kokuba i-microorganism i-pathogenic isingeniswa emathiswini emiphunga, ukuvuvukala kukhula, kunye neeseli zegazi ezine-macrophages zithandana nayo, ukuqokelela kokuxhamla kuqala.
Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yeKlebsiella intonga, i-pneumonia ingaqala ngenxa yezilwanyana ezinjalo:
- pneumococcus ;
- staphylococci;
- legionella ;
- intonga ye-hemophilic;
- E. coli;
- Chlamydia;
- moraxelles;
- streptococcus;
- aspergillus;
- pneumocyst;
- iifungi ze-Candida;
- iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane, i-parainfluenza, i- rhinovirus .
Iimpawu ze-pneumonia
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-pneumonia kuyahluka. Iimpawu zeempawu zixhomekeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo:
- imbangela yokugula;
- ubudala somguli;
- impilo jikelele yesigulane;
- izifo ezithintekayo.
Izimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyakunqandwa okanye zigqitywe. Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga kubuye kube yinto ekhohlakeleyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ikhula ngokungaqhelekanga. Isifo esibi kakhulu sisenzeka kubantu asebekhulile, abantwana kunye nalabo abanokukhubazeka kwabo. Ezi zigulane zininzi kunokuba abanye bajamelane neengxaki, kwaye bafuna unyango olungakumbi. Kwaye kuyinqweneleka ukuba iqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqala kweempawu zokuqala. Imiqondiso ye-pneumonia kumntu omdala ilandelayo:
- ukunyameka esifubeni ngokukhwehlela nokuphefumula;
- izigubha ezizwakalayo ngokucacileyo;
- ukukhathala;
- malaise jikelele;
- intloko;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ukuthuthumela kwezwi;
- iphosa;
- ukungcola okungenakulungileyo (ukuba kuhamba kunye ne-cyanosis yenxantathu ye-nasolabial, oku kungabonisa i-hypoxia yesisu kwi- pneumonia ephakathi ).
Ukushisa kwi-pneumonia
Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga kungenzeka kunye kwaye ngaphandle kobushushu. Izigulane ezininzi zifumana ukushisa, ezingabonakalisi izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic (ukungaphumeleli kweziyeza ezikhethekileyo ngenye yezibonakaliso zesifo se-pneumonia). Kuzo iqondo lokushisa liya phezulu ukuya kuma-39 ukuya kuma-40 degrees, kwaye kukho izigulane ezinjenge-malaise kuphela. Ikholam ye-thermometer ayiyi kuphakama ngaphezu kwama-37.5 degrees, kodwa nangona kunjalo kufuneka udibane nodokotela.
Imiqondiso ye-pneumonia kumntu omdala ngaphandle kokushisa ahluke kwiimpawu zesifo "somveli":
- Njengomthetho, izigulane ezine-pneumonia isikhumba esikhankanywe ngobuso, kwaye ezihlathini kukho ukungahambi okungaqhelekanga.
- Ukuba uphulaphule, unokwazi ukwahlula ukuba ukuphefumula kwesigulane kuhambelana nomkhwelo ongeyingozi.
- Nayiphi na into eyenziwa ngumzimba ibangela ukuphefumula okufutshane.
- Izigulane ezininzi zihamba nzima ukuhamba, ziyakhupha kwaye ziphuze rhoqo.
- Amaxesha amaninzi izigulana zikhalaza ngentlungu xa zijika i-torso yazo.
Ukhuhlane nge-pneumonia
Le ngenye yeempawu eziphambili zesifo. Njengomthetho, kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhwehlela limile kwaye lisikhulula kakhulu, kuba umgulana unogada rhoqo. Njengoko isifo sifana, ukukhwehlela kuya kumanzi kwaye kuhamba kunye nokuchithwa kohlobo oluthile lombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuhlaselwa kubangela intlungu esifuba. Ngamanye amaxesha ukugqithisa kweengcambu kubonakala kwimvelaphi yabo.
Nangona kubangela iingxaki ezininzi, ukukhwehlela kuyisimo "esihle". Ngethuba lokuhlaselwa ne-phlegm, usulelo luvela kwimiphunga. Ukuba i-pneumonia ngaphandle kokukhwehlela ivela, ngoko-ke ii-pathogens zihlala emzimbeni kwaye ziqhubeke nokuphindaphinda, kwaye le nto ixakeke ngeengxaki. Ukungabikho kwamathambo kungabonwa kwizigulane ezisandul 'i-bronchitis okanye i-laryngitis.
Ukuvuvukala kwemiphunga ngaphandle kwempawu
Le fomu yesifo ifunyaniswa, njengommiselo, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-immunity ephantsi, ukungena okungalawulwayo kwi-antibacterial agents okanye unyango olude kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo. Ukuba iimpawu ze-pneumonia azikho, kwaye isifo esiya emzimbeni siyaqhubeka, ukuxilongwa "kwe-pneumonia latent". Uphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo lunokuphelelwa komoya ngokukhawuleza. Izigulane ngabanye ziqaphele ukuba ngokuvuvukala kwangaphambili bafumana utywabile, bathabatheke.
Ukuqaphela ukukhubazeka kwe-pneumonia kunokwenzeka kwaye kwiimpawu ezifana nale:
- ukuhamba ngokungalingani kwesifuba;
- buthathaka;
- ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza;
- ukungakwazi ukuphefumula;
- intlungu xa uphendulela inxalenye ephezulu ye-trunk.
Kufunyanwe njani ukugula ngengqondo?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusola ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngugqirha ngexesha loviwo. Xa ufumanisa i-pneumonia, i- X-ray idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Esi sixhobo esiyintloko sokuxilonga. I-roentgenogram ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukugxilwa. Ukongeza kwi-fluoroscopy, oyingcali kufuneka enze uhlalutyo lwebhubhoratri kwaye ahlole i-sputum. Inkqubo inceda ukuchonga uhlobo lwe-pneumonia nokuchonga i-pathogen, egalela ekuqeshweni kwonyango olusebenzayo.
Ibakala elibalulekileyo lokuxilongwa kukuhlolwa kwegazi. Inani elongeziweyo leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi liza kubonisa intsholongwane ye-viral okanye ibhakteria yesifo. Enye indlela yokuxilonga i-bronchoscopy. Le yinkqubo engathandekiyo, kodwa inceda ukufunda i-bronchi. Ingundoqo yesetyenziswe kwintetho ngepumlo okanye emlonyeni webhubhu elincinci, apho iziko zihlolwe kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-mucus ithathwa kwisayithi sokuvuvukala.
Isibhedlele - unyango
Ulwaphulo lufanele lube lubanzi kwaye lungcono xa luqhutywa esibhedlele. Indlela yokunyanga i-pneumonia, ugqirha ugqiba. Umsebenzi wesigulane kukuthobela ngokupheleleyo yonke imiyalelo kadokotela. Ngaphandle koko, unyango lunokulibaziseka, kwaye imeko - ingakumbi. Unyango lwe-inflammation luquka imisebenzi enjalo:
- Ukufumana iziyobisi ezichasayo. Kwimeko eqhelekileyo neyinkimbinkimbi yesi sifo, i-antibiotics imiselwe kwiipilisi okanye iifomsile. Kuzo zonke ezinye iziganeko, amayeza alawulwa ngepravenously.
- Physiotherapy. Unilateral pneumonia ngaphandle kokukhwehlela kunye neempawu ezinzima zingaphathwa nge-ultraviolet irradiation kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
- Unyango lwekhaya. Ezinye izigulane zinconywa ukuba zenze i-wardravel wrappings, ukuba iphathwe ngamacube kwaye iqhube i-gymnastics yokuphefumula.