Iingcambu zesityalo zizitho zaso zityalo, eziphantsi komhlaba kwaye ziqhuba amanzi kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali kuwo wonke, kumhlaba, kwizitho zezityalo, iziqabunga, iintyatyambo neziqhamo. Kodwa umsebenzi oyintloko weengcambu kusekhona ukulungiswa kwesityalo emhlabeni.
Kwiimpawu ezahlukileyo zeenkqubo zengcambu
Into eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zengcambu kukuba iyingcambu ihlala ihlukaniswe ibe yintloko, i-lateral kunye ne-accessory. Ingcambu eyintloko, ingcambu yomyalelo wokuqala, ihlala ikhula ngembewu, iyona nto iqhutywe ngamandla kwaye ihlala ikhula ngokuthe ngqo.
Iingcambu zangasemva ziphuma kuyo kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yingcambu yesibini. Bangakwazi ukufaka isalathisi, kwaye ukusuka kwabo basuke kwiingcambu eziphantsi, ezibizwa ngokuba yingcambu yesithathu. Zona (izimpande zengenelelo) azange zikhule ngeyona nto, kodwa kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo ziyakhula kwiimpawu kunye namaqabunga.
Iqoqo elipheleleyo leengcambu libizwa ngokuba yingcambu yenkqubo. Kwaye kukho ezimbini iintlobo zeenkqubo zengcambu - i-pivot kunye ne-fibrous. Kwaye umbuzo wethu oyintloko uphathelene nento eyahlula iinkqubo ezisisiseko kunye neengcambu.
Inkqubo engundoqo yenkcazo ibonakaliswa nobukho beengcambu eziphezulu, kanti i-root system ye-fibrous ivela kwi-root accessory and lateral, kwaye ingcambu yayo engundoqo ayibonakali kwaye ayikwahlukiyo kwi-mass mass.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi kwenkqubo yeengcambu kunye nenkqubo yenkcenkces, qwalasela umzobo obonakalayo wesakhiwo esinye nesibini.
Inkqubo yeengcambu ixhomekeke kwizityalo ezinjenge-roses, i-peas, i-buckwheat, i-valerian, i- parsley , i-carrots, i-maple, i-birch, i-currant, i-watermelon. Inkqubo yeengcambu zengqolowa, i-oats, ibhali, i-anyanisi kunye negalikhi, iilly, gladiolus nabanye.
Amahlumela alungisiweyo phantsi komhlaba
Izityalo ezininzi ngaphantsi komhlaba ngaphandle kweengcambu ziye zithiwa amahlumela atshintshiwe. Ezi zi-rhizomes, stolons, bulbs and tubers.
Ama-Rhizomes akhula ngokukodwa afana nomhlaba womhlaba, afunekayo ekuveliseni izityalo kunye nokugcinwa. Ngaphandle, i-rhizome ifana neengcambu, kodwa kwisakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sineengqinisiso ezibalulekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha amahlumela anjalo angaphuma phantsi komhlaba aze enze ukudubula okuqhelekileyo ngamagqabi.
I-stolons zibizwa ngokuba ngamahlumela phantsi komhlaba, ekupheleni kwayo zenziwa ama-bulbs, tubers kunye nama-rosette amahlumela.
I-bulb ibizwa ngokuba ngumtshini oguqulwayo, umsebenzi wokugcina ohlanganiswe ngamagqabi amaqabunga, kunye neengcambu ezingaphantsi zivela kwi-flat bottom.
I-Tuber iyisibindi esinyanisiweyo kunye nama-axillary buds, isebenza njengevenkile kwaye yanda.