Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukunqoba eso sifo ngoncedo lwamachiza aqhelekileyo, okanye isantya sesifo sele sibe yingozi, oogqirha banquma i-antibiotics. Kungekudala, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo baqala ukunika i-antibiotikiti yezinto ezininzi. Ziziphi iingenelo zabo, indlela yokusebenza, ufunda ngokufunda le nqaku.
I-Antibiotikiti yeembonakalo ezahlukeneyo zesenzo sesizukulwana esitsha
I-antibiotics yilungiselelo lwe-biological or semisynthetic etymology. Ziye zenzelwe ukuchaphazela kakubi izigulane - iintsholongwane.
Ukungena ngaphakathi, i-antibiotic ifika egazini lokuqala, ize iqokelele kwicandelo elithile okanye umzimba. Ngoko ke, ukuba kwakunokwenzeka ukuchonga i-agent engabangela isifo, oogqirha bawabeka ngokuzithemba i-antibiotics yecandelo elincinci lezenzo kuye kuxhomekeka ngesifo, beyazi ukuba le antibiotic ethile ihlala kwindawo elungileyo kwaye iza kuqala ukusebenza kwayo.
Kwimeko apho kungenakwenzeka ukuqonda imvelaphi yemibonakalo ebangela isifo, iingcali zinika i-anti-spectrum antibiotics.
Ama antibiotics asebenza njani?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokusasaza i-antibiotic kwiibhaktheriya:
1. I-bactericidal - olu hlobo lwenyathelo lujolise ekubhujisweni ngokupheleleyo kwezinto ezinobungozi. Ukulungiswa kweli qela kukunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwembrane yeseli, kubangela ukufa kwabo. Oku, umzekelo:
- Penicillin;
- Gentamicin;
- Cephalexin;
- Streptomycin;
- Polymyxin;
- Rifampicin nabanye.
Ukubuyiselwa kwi-antibiotikthi indlela yokusebenza yenyathelo isebenza ngokukhawuleza.
2. I-Bacteriostatic - olu hlobo lwee-antibiotics aluvumeli iikholeji zokuzalanisa iintsholongwane zebhaktheriya, kwaye iibhaktheriya ngokwazo zibulawa ngamaseli omzimba avikelayo-leukocyte. Ezi ziquka:
- Levomycetin;
- Tetracycline;
- Erythromycin;
- Linkomycin nabanye.
Ukupheliswa kokuqala kwenkqubo yokumkela kusongela ukuba iibhaktheriya "ziya kusetshenziselwa" iziza-antibiotics, ziyakhathala, kwaye isifo siya kubuya ngexesha.
Ukuxhamla kwezilwanyana ezinokutsha zamathambo ezinje
Cinga into engcono kunesizukulwana esitsha se-antibiotic:
- Benza into ecindezelekileyo kwinani elikhulu lee-microorganisms eziyingozi - i-gram-positive ne-gram-negative bacteria.
- Zinemiphumo embalwa yecala.
- Ukufumana isicatshulwa kuyinto elula kakhulu - iintsholongwane zezilwanyana zokuqala kufuneka zithathwe amaxesha amane ngosuku, isizukulwana sesithathu nesine-kuphela amaxesha angama-1-2.
- Ziyimpumelelo, ukuphulukana ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuhlanjululwa okungakumbi kwaye kungabonakali kakhulu kwimizila yesisu kunye nezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni, ekubeni ukufa kwe microflora kuncedo kuncitshiswa.
- Bathuthunyiswa bhetele ngabagulayo.
- Ixesha elide lijikeleza ngegazi, kugcinwe amandla okhathalela ixesha elide, ngoko ukuphindwa kwexesha lokunciphisa kuncishiswe ngamaxesha amaninzi.
- Ziyifomu yamacwecwe, iifomsile okanye i-syrups, ezifuneka ukuba zithathwe kanye ngosuku, ezifanelekileyo kakhulu kwizigulane ezininzi.
Uluhlu lwee-antibiotics zesizukulwana esitsha sesebe esikhulu
1. I- Cephalosporins 1-4 izizukulwana zisebenzisana ne-staphylococci, i-Klebsiella, i-Proteus, i-Haemophilus kunye ne-Escherichia coli, i-pneumonia, i-pyelonephritis, i-osteomyelitis, i-meningitis:
- Cefazolin;
- Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil;
- Cefaclor;
- Cefuroxime;
- Cefotaxime;
- Ceftriaxone;
- Tsepefim nabanye.
2. I-Fluoroquinolones - isetyenziselwa izifo zendlela yokuphefumula, izifo zendlela yokuvuthwa kwamanzi, izicubu ezithambileyo, isikhumba, ukuxhaswa kwamathambo, amaqela, ii-STD, i-meningitis, i-sepsis:
- Ciprofloxacin;
- Tsiprolet;
- Ofloxacin;
- Lomefloxacin;
- Norfloxacin;
- Pefloxacin;
- Levofloxacin;
- Moxifloxacin;
- Sparfloxacin nabanye.
3. I-Carbapenems isetyenziselwa unyango lwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa yi-entrobacteria kunye ne-anaerobes:
- Tienam;
- Meropenem.
4. I-penicillins - esetyenziselwa izifo zentsholongwane, inkqubo ye-urrogenital, isisu kunye namathumbu, isikhumba, i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis:
- Amoxicillin;
- Flemoxin solute;
- Hiconcile;
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin;
- Ampicillin;
- Oxacillin;
- Ampioks ;
- Amoxicillin clavulanate (amoxiclav, augmentin, moxiclav, clavocin nabanye).
Emva kokubuyiselwa ngoncedo lwee-antibiotics, kucetyiswa ukuba uphuze amayeza ukubuyisela umlwelwe kunye nomzimba wamathumbu emathunjini - i-tincture ye-Echinacea, Immunal okanye abanye.