I-Cephalosporins yiqela elikhulu lama-antibiotikthi asebenzayo, okuqala okufunyanwa phakathi kwekhulu lama-20. Ukususela ngoko, amaninzi amaninzi e-antimicrobial agents ale qela afunyenwe, kwaye iziphumo zabo zokuzibandakanya ziye zahlanganiswa. Ngoko ke, okwangoku, izizukulwana ezihlanu ze-cephalosporins zihlelwa.
Impembelelo ephambili yale mithi ye-antibiotics yonakalisa iimbrane zeseli zebhaktheriya, eziza kubangela ukufa kwazo. I-Cephalosporins isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa yi-gram-negative bacteria, kunye ne-Gram-positive bacteria, ukuba i-antibiotics evela kwiqela le-penicillin ayifumanekanga.
Kukho amalungiselelo avela kwiqela le-cephalosporins kokubili komlomo kunye nokulawulwa kwe-injection. Ngendlela yamacwecwe, i-cephalosporins yezizukulwana ezi-1, ezi-2 nezi-3 zikhutshwa, kwaye izizukulwana ze-4 kunye ne-5 ze-antibiotics zeli qela zijoliswe kuphela kwi-parentrenal administration. Oku kungenxa yokuba akubona zonke iziyobisi ezinxulumene ne-cephalosporins zichithwa ukusuka kwinqanaba lomzimba. Njengomthetho, i-antibiotics kwiipilisi imiselwe izifo ezincinci zonyango kwisithuba sengqesho.
Uluhlu lwee-antibiotics zeqela le-cephalosporin kwiipilisi
Cinga ukuba i-cephalosporins ingasetyenziswe ngomlomo, ngelixa ihlukanisa ngokwezizukulwana.
Cephalosporins 1 isizukulwana kwiipilisi
Ezi ziquka:
- Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil.
Ezi zi yobisi zibonakaliswe ngoluhlu oluncinci lwemiphumo, kunye nezinga eliphantsi lomsebenzi ekuchasene ne-britney-negative bacteria. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunconywa ukuba unyango lwezilwanyana ezingenakunqanda ulusu, izicubu ezithambileyo, amathambo, amalunga kunye ne-ENT iziganeko ezibangelwa yi-streptococci kunye ne-staphylococci. Kule meko, ukunyanga kwe-sinusitis kunye ne-otitis, la mayeza ayimisiwe ngenxa yokuba ayangena ngokungena kwiindlebe ezisemkhatsini nakwizono zomzimba.
Uhlobo oluphambili lweCephadroxil oluvela kwiCephalexin kukuba le ndlela yokugqibela ibonakaliswe ixesha elide lezenzo, okukuvumela ukuba unciphise amaxesha amayeza. Kwezinye iimeko, ekuqaleni kwonyango, i-cephalosporins yesizukulwana sokuqala ngesimo seenjini ingalawulwa ngenye indlela yokutshintsha kwifom yefowuni.
Cephalosporins 2 izizukulwana kwiipilisi
Phakathi kweziyobisi zale nkqutyana:
- Cefaclor;
- Cefuroxime.
Uhlobo lwe-cephalosporin yesizukulwana sesibini ukulwa ne- gram-negative bacteria lubanzi kunoko lwesizukulwana sokuqala. Ezi macwecwe zingalawulwa kunye:
- Izifo ezithintekayo ezichaphazelekayo zokuphefumula (umthambo, i-pharyngitis, i-bronchitis engapheliyo, i-pneumonia ezuzwe ngumphakathi);
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo zephepha lomchamo;
- izifo ezingenakunzima kweengcambu, izilonda zebhakteria zamathisto athambileyo, amathambo namalungu.
Ngenxa yokuba uCefaclor akakwazi ukudala iindawo eziphezulu kwiindlebe eziphakathi, ayisetyenziselwa i-otitis media, kwaye i-Cefuroxime axxeti ingasetyenziselwa kule ngxaki. Kule meko, i-antibacterial spectrum yezibini izidakamizwa zifana, kodwa iCefaclor ayisebenzisanga kakhulu malunga ne-pneumococci kunye nentonga ye-hemophilic.
Cephalosporins 3 izizukulwana kwiipilisi
Isizukulwana sesithathu se-cephalosporins siquka:
- Cefixime;
- Ceftibuten.
Impawu zala mayeza:
- umsebenzi ophezulu malunga ne-enterobacteria kunye no-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- iipropmacokinetic eziphambili;
- ukungena kakuhle kwiisishu.
Ezi antibiotics zisetyenziswe rhoqo xa:
- i-bronchitis engapheliyo ebangelwa intonga ye-hemophilic kunye ne-moorocell;
- izifo ezithinta izikhumba ezibangelwa ziziqhamo ezininzi.
I-Cefixime ikwalelwe ukuba i-gonorrhea kunye ne-shigellosis.