I-Hemoglobin kunye ne-erythrocytes, ezenzileyo imisebenzi yazo, ziyaxhomekeka kwisibindi. Ngenxa yenkqubo enjalo, i-bilirubin yenziwa - i-pigment yellow-green. Yisalathisi sesibindi kunye neestile, iindlela zokuxilisa. Ngoko ke, imimiselo evumelekileyo evumelekileyo ye-bilirubin egazini labaseTyhini ibhekwa njengenye yeengongoma eziphambili ekuqhubeni iimvavanyo zelabhoratri ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezahlukeneyo ze-hepatological, i-endocrine kunye ne-digestive.
Isiqhelo se-bilirubin epheleleyo ekuhlalutyweni kwegazi kwabasetyhini
Ukubunjwa kwe-bilirubin kuqala ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziqukethe i-hemoglobin kunye nokuthutha i-oksijini kuzo zonke izicubu ezincinci kunye nezitho zangaphakathi. I-Erythrocytes, ixesha elingapheliyo, lifake ipeni kunye nomnatha wethambo, kunye nesibindi, apho iinkqubo zokutshatyalaliswa kwazo zenzeka. Ngenxa yokungqubana kwezi seli kunye nenxalenye ye-hemoglobin, i-bilirubin ikhutshwa. Okokuqala, ayikho ngqo kwaye inetyhefu emzimbeni, ngoko kwi-pellyyma yesibindi ihlawulela i-enzyme ezikhethekileyo eziguqula i-compound zibe yi-bilirubin ngqo. Into eboshiweyo idityaniswe kwi-bile, emva koko ingena emathunjini kwaye ilandelwa ngokwemvelo kunye neendwangu.
I-Bilirubin kule meko iqukethe i-urobilin kunye ne-stercobilin, ezi zigugu, ezinika umthunzi womgubo kunye nemfesi, ngokulandelanayo. Ngoko ke, xa uxinzelelo lwekhampani oluphantsi kokuqwalaselwa luya kwanda, umbala wokukhutshwa kwakhona utshintsho. I-Urine ithola umbala omnyama, kwaye amaqhekeza ajika amhlophe.
Isiqhelo sesibalo okanye i-bilirubin esele kwigazi kwabasetyhini livela kwi-3.4 ukuya kwi-17.2 μmol / l. Ukuba kukho imbali yesifo sesibindi, imbali yakutshanje ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis, ama-indices angakwazi ukusuka kwi-8.5 ukuya kwi-20,5 i-μmol / L, elandelwa ngumgangatho.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ixabiso elichaziweyo liqwalaselwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba yonke imithetho yaqwalaselwa xa idlulisa uhlalutyo:
- Ungadli ngexesha lokufunda. Kungcono ukunikela ukutya ngamahora angama-12, kodwa masithi ikhefu li-4 iiyure.
- Ungadli ikofi kunye naluphi na isiselo esinalo caffeine ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi.
- Musa ukusela i- hepatoprotectors , izilungiso ze-choleretic, imishanguzo echitha igazi (aspirin, heparin, warfarin).
- Musa ukulambalala, ungadli ngaphambi kokuphanda.
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunikezelwa kwegazi elimnyama li malunga ne-9 ntsimbi ekuseni.
Yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-bilirubin egazini legazi kwindawo yabasetyhini?
I-pigment yellow-green-pigment okanye i-bilirubin isakhi kunye ne-glucuronic acid, ekulungele ukukhishwa emzimbeni, akumele idlule ngaphezu kwe-4.3 μmol / l (kwamanye amabhinqa - ukuya ku-7.9 μmol / l kunye nezifo ezikhoyo kunye nezifo ze-gallbladder) okanye 20 -25% ye-bilirubin iyonke.
Ixabiso elincinci le-yellow-green pigment egazini lichazwe yinto yokuba, ngokusemthethweni, ikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa i-rectum kunye ne-feces kunye ne-bile.
Yintoni eqhelekileyo ye-bilirubin engabonanga kwigazi labafazi?
Ifom echazwe kwifomu engatshintshiyo (iqhekeza elingachangekanga), njengoko sele likhankanywe ngaphambili, liyingozi yendalo kwaye ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni ngokukhawuleza kwiiseli zesibindi.
Isiqhelo se-bilirubin engafumanekanga okanye ekhululekile kwigazi labasetyhini akufanele lidlule kwi-15.4 μmol / l. Ngaloo ndlela, i-pigment engabonakaliyo malunga ne-70-75% ye-bilirubin engama-plasma.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba inqabana engqalileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-free form, ayikho enye into, kodwa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sexeshana kunye ne-albumin. Ukuchonga ingcamango yayo ngqo kwibhubhoratri inokwenzeka kuphela emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwelolekyuli kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo ibe yimeko yokuzinza amanzi.