Ukususela ekuzalweni umntu unyanzelekile ukuba asebenze kunye nenyaniso ejikelezileyo kunye nabanye abantu. Uzama ukuqonda oko akubonile nokuva. Ikhuthaza ithuba lokuphila ngokuvisisana nendalo kunye nawe. I-gnoseology yezesayensi ichaza ukucinga njengento kwaye ihlula iifom zayo ezibalulekileyo: ukuqonda kunye nokuqonda.
Yintoni ukuqonda ukuqonda?
Ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo kukusetyenzana lweendlela zokuqonda umhlaba osijikelezile. Ngokwesiko, ichasene nokucinga, okwesibini. Uhlobo lokulawula ubunyaniso kunye noncedo lwengqondo aluhlali kwisicatshulwa esekelwe kwingcamango yezinto ezikhoyo. Inkqubo ye-anatomiki neyomzimba ivumela ukudala imifanekiso ethile kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluphambili malunga nendawo yangaphandle yezinto. Imvakalelo emihlanu eyona nto ijongene nale nto:
- emehlweni;
- ukuva;
- ngcamango;
- ngcamango;
- ku thintela.
I-Psychology yokuqonda ukuqonda
Ukusuka kwinqanaba leengcinga zeengqondo, ukuqwalasela yinkqubo eyenzekayo kwiinqanaba eziliqela. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ihlabathi langaphandle kunye nezinto zonke kulo "zibhalwe" ngokwenyama yabantu. Kwesibili kuza ukuqonda, oko kukuthi, ukwakheka kweengqiqo kunye nezigwebo. Isigaba sokugqibela "sokuphuma" kwi-psyche, xa ingcamango ifika, ulwazi lwakhiwa, oluvumela ukutolika iimvakalelo zokuqala.
Ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwindoda kuphela. Kwizilwanyana, kubonakala kwinqanaba elincinane, ngoncedo lwayo bafumana amava afanelekileyo. Ukuqiqa kunye nokuqonda abantu ngokwemvelo kubomi bezilwanyana kwizinto eziphilayo. Kungatsholwa ukuba amandla okuqonda aguqukile kwaye waba ngumntu. Ngaphandle kokungqinisiswanga, akunakwenzeka ukungena kwizinto ezisemgangathweni kunye nokuqonda isizathu seziganeko. Lawa macala enkqubo enye.
Ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo kwifilosofi
Inzululwazi ekhethekileyo ye-gnoseology (ukusuka kwi-Greek gnosis - ulwazi, iipositi-ukufundisa), ngokuqwalasela ukuqonda njengento, ibhekisela kwisahlulo sefilosofi. Kukho umlinganiselo ohlukileyo kuwo: ukuziphatha kwimizimba (ukusuka kwintetho yesiLatini - ukuqonda), enye yezikhundla apho: engqondweni akukho nto eyayingayi kuvela kwiimvakalelo ngaphambili. Umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ochaphazelekayo ngabacinga ngaba: ngaba abantu bavavanya ngokwenene into ebonakalayo? Isazi sefilosofi esidumileyo saseJamani u-Immanuel Kant sathi ukuqonda konke kuqala ngamava - "umsebenzi" wezitho zengqondo - kwaye ihlukaniswe kuwo amanqanaba amaninzi:
- iimvakalelo;
- sizathu;
- engqondweni.
Kwaye izazi zefilosofi zamaGrike zazikholelwa ukuba indlela eyona nto kunye neyithembekileyo yokuqonda into eyiyo iyimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo. Uncwadi lwefilosofi yasekhaya, ukuthembela kwimisebenzi ye-V.I. ULenin, wayezikhethela njengesinyathelo esizimeleyo, esingaphantsi kokucinga okungabonakaliyo. Inzululwazi yanamhlanje igxeka iingcamango zexesha elide, kuba ukucinga ngendlela engafaniyo kunye neyoyiyo engafaniyo kwimiyalezo eyahlukileyo, kodwa ngamnye unokuzuza kwaye ayikwazi ukuhambelana nomnye ongaphantsi. Umthamo wokunikwa kwengqondo kuhlanganiswe kuwo wonke umntu.
Ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo - ubuchule kunye neengxaki
Ukuba uthelekisa ukuqiqa kunye nokukhathazeka, unokufumana iinkonzo kunye neengxaki. Iimvakalelo neemvakalelo zidlala indima ephambili ekuziqhelaneni nehlabathi langaphandle, ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo lolwazi umntu uyazifumana kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa indlela yokuqonda ihlabathi ikwazi ukukhawuleza kwaye inokungaphumeleli kwayo:
- kukho imida kwinkqubo;
- kukho iiphoso;
- kuthobekileyo;
- ibonisa kuphela imiqondiso yezinto ezahlukeneyo;
- ukuqonda kwabantu kunzima kakhulu kwaye kubanzi kunokuba kusetyenziswe imifanekiso;
- Akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa umxholo weengqondo kwimifanekiso nakwiimvakalelo.
Iintlobo zengqiqo yokuqonda
Ukuqonda ngokubanzi kwehlabathi kuqhutywa ngoncedo lwenkqubo yentliziyo. Umhlalutyi ngamnye uchatshazelwa yinkqubo yonke. Ifom ezininzi iintlobo zokujonga:
- ngoncedo lokuva;
- imbono;
- oqhagamshelwano;
- ivumba;
- Iintyatyambo;
- zixhobo ze vestibular.
Abanye bathi intuition inokuqonda ukuqonda. Nangona kunjalo, ihluke kwiingcamango kunye nokukhathazeka kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda inyaniso ngenxa ye "ukukhanya." Intuition ayisekelwe kwintetho kunye nobungqina obunengqiqo. Inokuthiwa yinto ekhethekileyo yezinto ezimbini - ngelo xesha uqikelelo olunengqiqo nolungenangqiqo.
Inendima yokuqonda ingqiqo
Ngaphandle kwamalungu omzimba, umntu akakwazi ukuqonda ukunyaniseka. Ngombulelo kubahlalutyi bakhe uqhubeka edibanisa nehlabathi langaphandle. Iinkqubo zengqiqo yolwazi zibandakanyeka xa kukho isidingo sokufumana ulwazi malunga nalo mcimbi, nangona kuya kuba yinto engaphelelanga, engaphelelanga. Ukuba umntu ulahlekelwe ezinye zeemali zokucinga (iimfama, izithulu, njl.), Kuya kuhlawulwa umvuzo, oko kukuthi, ezinye izitho ziya kuqala ukusebenza ngezinga eliphezulu, imo. Ngokukodwa ukungafezeki komzimba womntu kunye nokubaluleka kweziveki zezinto eziphilayo kuyabonakala xa iziphoso zizalwa.
Iimpawu zengqondo yolwazi
Abantu kunye nezilwanyana bangasebenzisa ulwazi lomntu. Kodwa kukho into ebalulekileyo, ebonakalayo kuphela kwizidalwa ezihlakaniphile: ukukwazi ukucinga into engayiboniyo ngamehlo am. Ubume benkcazelo yokuqonda abantu kukuba bakha imifanekiso esekelwe kwamabali abanye. Ngoko ke, sinokuthetha ngendima enkulu yolwimi ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo yokuqonda kunye noncedo lwezitho zengqondo. Uphawu oluphambili lweembono zengqondo lubonakalisa ngokucacileyo into ejikelezayo.
Izindlela zokuqonda ukuqonda
Isethi yemisebenzi kunye neendlela, apho kugqitywa khona ukuqonda, zininzi. Zonke iindlela zihlukaniswe zibe zimbini iintlobo: iimbono kunye nemfundiso. Ngenxa yobuqhetseba bokuqonda, iinkolelo ezininzi (okanye zenzululwazi), ezifana nokuhlalutya, ukuchithwa, ukufaniswa, njl., Azisebenzi kuwo. Unokwenza umvelelo wezinto kuphela ngoncedo lwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuqwalaselwa - oko kukuthi, imbono yezinto ezintle, ngaphandle kokungenelela kuzo.
- Imilinganiselo - ukuzimisela komyinge wezinto ezilinganisiweyo kwisithenjwa esisodwa.
- Ukuthelekisa - ukuchongwa kwamanani kunye nokungafani.
- Ukuzama ukubeka izinto kunye neziganeko kwiimeko ezilawulwayo kunye nokufunda kwabo.
Iifom zokuqonda
Ukuqonda ngokuqhelekileyo yinkqubo ngeyinyathelo-nyathelo kwaye inamanyathelo amathathu alungiselela ukutshintshwa kwelinye inqanaba - ukukhutshwa kwamanye amazwe kuphakamileyo. Iifom ezisisiseko zokuqonda ukuqonda:
- U kuqonda. Isigaba sokuqala, apho izitho zomntu zichaphazelekayo ngezinto. Unika umbono ohlangothini olulodwa lwezinto, umzekelo, intyatyambo enhle inokubakala kakhulu, kwaye i-apple ekhangelekayo iyinto enyanyekayo ukunambitha.
- Ukuqonda , okukuvumela ukuba uqokelele ulwazi ngesiseko esinye okanye ezininzi kwaye wenze umfanekiso opheleleyo.
- Ukunikezelwa . Dlala kwaye udale imifanekiso ebonakala kwimemori. Ngaphandle kweli nqanaba, akunakukwazi ukuqonda ukunyaniseka, kuba umfanekiso obonakalayo usekwayo.
Yonke imigaqo yokuqondwa kwengqondo ineemida, kuba ayinakukwazi ukuphonononga kwizinto eziphambili. Ukuhamba ngaphaya kwazo, ukucinga kusetyenziswa, okuvela kwiimifanekiso ezenziwe ngaphambili. I-Logic kunye nohlalutyo isetyenziselwa ukuqonda ubunzulu bezinto eziphambili: eli liyinyathelo elilandelayo. Ukucinga ngokuphilileyo kunye nokucinga okungabonakaliyo kuyahlukana kwaye kuthatha inxaxheba ngokulinganayo kwindlela yokuqonda eyiyo.