Amaxesha apho umtshato uqhawulo kunye nokugwetyelwa kuwo wonke amazwe, wahlala kude. Ukususela kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela, inani lezahlulo eRashiya ubuncinane ngamawaka angama-500 ngonyaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba amawaka eentsapho aphulwa minyaka yonke.
Ziyabukeka njani iinkcukacha zomtshato kwiRashiya?
Iimanani ezigcinwe kubhalisi belizwe zidanisa. Unyaka ngamnye udumo lomtshato obhalisiweyo luwa. Umahluko phakathi kwenani lemitshato kunye neerhafu eRussia iyahla ngonyaka ngonyaka. Kwimimandla yanamhlanje, umtshato wasemzimbeni uhamba ngefestile. Kodwa abantu abaninzi abanakucingisisa ukuba umtshato womtshato awuniki umtshato kunye namalungelo kunye nemisebenzi ngokumalunga nomnye.
Izibalo zoqhawulo-mtshato eRashiya ngo-2013 - ngu-667,971 kwimitshato ye-12,25501. Ngaloo ndlela, ipesenteji yomtshato e-Russia ngo-2013 yayingu-54.5%.
Abademographer bachazela ezo zibalo zibuhlungu kukuba ixesha langoku umtshato womfana kunye namantombazana azalwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90. Kwaye i-90ties yayiphawulwa ngumlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokuzalwa kwaye iintsapho ezininzi zazingathatyathwa kakhulu ngelo xesha. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusiyo kuphela isizathu sokuba izibini ezitshatileyo zaseRussia zihlukaniswe.
Izizathu zokuqhawula umtshato eRussia
Amantombazana amaninzi kunye nabantu abatsha bakhumbula umhla wabo womtshato ubomi. Le mini inikeza uvuyo olukhulu kumyeni kunye nomtshakazi, izihlobo kunye nabahlobo. Ewe, usuku lomtshato luyilo lokuzalwa kwintsapho entsha. Ngelishwa, njengoko iinombolo zibonakalisa, imibutho emininzi ayinamandla kwaye ivele iphule. Ubuncinane be-15% yeenkonyelaniso zentsapho ngo-2013 malunga nonyaka.
Ngokweengxelo ezininzi zeentlalo, iingcali zifumene izizathu ezibangela ukuqhawula umtshato kwi-Russian Federation:
- Utywala kunye neziyobisi. Esi sizathu sisona siqhelekileyo, kwaye sibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-41% yemitshato.
- Ukungabi nendlu yokuhlala. Ngenxa yoko, malunga ne-26% yezibini zitshatileyo.
- Ukungenelela kweentsapho kwintsapho. Esi sizathu sibangele i-14% yeqhawulo lomtshato.
- Ukungakwazi ukufumana umntwana - 8% yemitshato.
- Ukuhlala ixesha elide-6% yeqhawulo lomtshato.
- Ukuvalelwa kwe-2%.
- Ukugula kwexesha elide lomlingane - 1%.
Kwakhona, izazinzululwazi ziye zafumanisa izizathu ezininzi zokuthintela ukutshata. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo - kunzima "ukwahlula" abantwana (35%), ubunzima kunye nokwahlukana kwepropati (30%), ukuxhomekeka kwezinto eziphathekayo kwesinye iqabane (22%), ukungavumelani kwendoda okanye umfazi ngokuqhawula umtshato (18%).
Yona inkqubo yokuqhawula umtshato e-Russia ilula. Esi sibini okanye omnye wabo ubhala isicelo sokuqhawula umtshato. Ukutshatyalaliswa komtshato kungenziwa kwiofisi yokubhalisa okanye kwinkundla. Kwi-Ofisi yeRejista unokufumana umtshato kuphela xa iqabane lakho lifuna ukuba kunye, nangona bengenabantwana abangaphantsi. Kanye kunye nesicelo, abatshatileyo banikezelwa ngeepassports zabo, isatifikethi somtshato kunye nesitifiketi sokuhlawulwa komsebenzi karhulumente wokuqhawula kwi-ofisi ye-registry. Ukuhlawulwa komsebenzi wombuso wokuqhawula umtshato kungenziwa ngeofisi yokubhalisa imali okanye ngebhanki. Emva kwenyanga - ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqwalasela, abafazi bafumana isatifiketi sokuqhawula umtshato kunye nomqondiso kwipasipoti apho umtshato uqedwa. Ekubeni kubantwana abancinci, umtshato usenziwa kuphela kwinkqubo yomgwebo.
Ukwahlukana nomfokazi waseRashiya kuqhutyelwa kuphela kwinkundla. Inqubo yokuqhawula umtshato kunye nomntu wasemzini imide kwaye idinga amaxwebhu angaphezulu ekuphunyezweni kwayo. Ukwenza le nkqubo ibe lula njengoko inokwenzeka, ummangalelwa kufuneka afune uncedo lommeli.