Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphambili kuyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu sezambatho, iitamatati kunye nezityalo ezihlobene. Xa umonakalo, isivuno sawo sinciphise ngo-70%. Ngako oko, unyango lwezityalo ze-potato ngaphambi kokutshala kwi-phytophthora luyinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu enceda ukukhusela ukulahlekelwa kwezityalo ezizayo.
Ukulwa namazambane phytophthora
Xa isifo sezambatho kunye ne-phytophthora sichaphazela ama-tubers, amaqabunga kunye neziqu. Okokuqala, iimpawu zesifo ziyabonakala kwiintlobo zemifuno. Amagqabi omnyama avela kumacembe aphantsi kunye neengxenye ezihlukeneyo zesitshixo, ezanda ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko kukhokelela ekumnyama nasekumiseni kwamagqabi, kwaye kwimeko yomswakama-ukuwabola. Kwi-tubers, i-phytophthora ibonakalisa ngohlobo lwe-grayish, kwaye i-brown, iindawo ezinzima. Kule meko, i-necrosis enokugqithisa isasazeka ngaphakathi kwe-tuber.
Ukukhula kwexesha elibi liye kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Kwimozulu epholile kwaye enomswakama, isifo sinokutshabalalisa izityalo kwisayithi kwiiveki 1-2.
Ukuthintela ukuvela kwezifo kuya kunceda unyango lwembewu yezambane ngaphambi kokutshala kwi-phytophthora.
Indlela yokuphatha amazambane kwi-phytophthora ngaphambi kokutyala?
Isinyathelo sokuqala siya kuba ngongqinisiso olunzulu lwezinto zokulima ukwenzela ukuchonga izifo eziyizifo ezikhuselweyo. Okungakumbi kubo, isifo esiya kuba sisisifo.
Ukongezelela, kufuneka ingqalelo ingqalelo kwiindawo zokulima izitato. Isayithi kufuneka ikhethwe kakuhle kwaye idakwe ngokukhawuleza emva kwemvula. Njengomthetho, i-foci yesi sifo ikhawuleza isondele kufuphi neendawo zeebhanti zehlathi, kwiindawo eziphantsi kwintsimi. Kwisayithi apho akufanele kubekho izibonda zamandla. Isizathu sokubonakala kwe-phytophthora kwiitatate sinokusuleleka kwizityalo zentamatyambo, ezichaphazelekayo kwesi sifo. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba zihlukanise ukutshala kwazo komnye.
Ukuhluma ukutsalwa kokutsalwa kwama-tubers kufuneka kwenziwe. Oku kuya kukhawuleza inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwezityalo kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okutshatyalaliswa kwabo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukusetyenziswa kweetatate kwi-phytophthors kuqhutywa ngamalungiselelo alandelayo:
- Maxim, KS;
- Phytosporin;
- Ridomil Gold MC;
- Bravo;
- Shirlan;
- Ditan M-45.
Ukunyanga kwama-tuber tubers kunye nezilungiselelo ezizodwa kuza kubambezela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo iintsuku ezili-10-14. Lo mqathango ofanelekileyo wokukhusela isityalo sakho esizayo.