Ukuba umntu uceliwe ukuba abize igama lezinto eziziwayo, yena, mhlawumbi, uya kubhala malunga nezine. Ngokuqhelekileyo sikhumbula ukubona, ukuvumba, ukuva nokuthintela. Enyanisweni, ihlabathi leemvakalelo zethu likhulu kakhulu. Uya kufunda malunga neentlobo, iipropati kunye neepatheni zoluntu ezivelayo kweli nqaku.
Ngoko, yintoni umvakalelo? Le yinkqubo yengqondo ebonisa iipropati ezizimeleyo zezinto kunye neziganeko ezizungezile xa zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izitho ezithile zengqondo. Ngethuba lethu inqubo yesifo ihlala ibandakanyeka.
Iintlobo kunye neepropati zokuvakalelwa
Ngokwesiko, zonke iintlobo zengqondo zidibene ngokwahlukeneyo:
1. I- Exteroceptive. Olu hlobo lweemvakalelo luvela xa i-stimuli yangaphandle isebenza kwi-receptors yomhlaba, oko kukuthi, isinika ingcamango yemifanekiso yehlabathi langaphandle. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zentlobo nganye yeemvakalelo, ukuvakalelwa kwe-exteroceptive kwahlula ngokudibana kunye nokuva.
Iintlobo zonxibelelwano zoqhagamshelwano ziquka:
- tactile okanye tactile. Ngenxa yoluhlobo lwenzame, sinokumisela ngokuthintela, ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa kwiphepha, ithambileyo okanye ikhuni yesonka, njl njl. Ukongezelela, yinto ethintelayo "esitshela" ngohlobo lwentsebenziswano yomzimba wethu ngomhlaba othile: ukulahla, ukuxubana, uxinzelelo, njl.;
- bushushu. Olu hlobo lwenzwa luyilungiselelwe ukubonelela umzimba, ngenxa yokuba siziva utshintsho lushisa;
- Ukuvalelwa kabuhlungu kungekuphela nje "ukusixelela" malunga nezinto ezinokuzenzekelayo, ugesi okanye iikhemikhali zezinto ezizungezile, kodwa zenza umsebenzi okhuselayo, ukubonakalisa emzimbeni ukuba uhlangabezane nento eyingozi kunye neyingozi;
- ukunambitha. Olu hlobo lovakalelo luxhomekeke kwimeko yomzimba. Ngokomzekelo, umntu olambileyo uyazibona iilekese ngakumbi ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye ukuthanda okunjalo njenge-tartness, ubukhali okanye i-spice kuvela ngenxa yokusebenzisana nezinye iintlobo zengqondo: ukushisa, ukunyanzela okanye ukucoca.
Iindidi zentswelo ezikude ziquka:
- bonwayo. Ngoncedo lombono, sithola inxalenye enkulu yeengcamango zehlabathi, kunye nomgangatho wobuso, ubukhali bawo kunye nobuzwe bokukhanya kuya kuxhomekeka kukuphi uhlobo lomfanekiso kwiingqondo zethu;
- eziphicothiweyo. Intsimi yentlebe ibanzi ngaphezu kokubonakalayo, kuba sinokuva oko kwenzeka emva nangasecaleni, ngaphandle kokuguqula iintloko. Ihlabathi lezandi libaluleke kakhulu kumntu, kuba ulwimi lubeka isiseko sokwabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwabantu;
- olwenziweyo. Ubungqina bolu hlobo lovakalelo kukuba loo mntu ucofa kunye nemibono yabo inxulumene nexesha elidlulileyo lomntu okanye iimozulu zezulu.
2. Ukungahambi. Eli qela lidibanisa iintlobo zengqondo ephakama xa isenzo senziwa ngaphakathi, kuba i-receiver receptors ikhona kwizitho zangaphakathi. Ezi zindleko zibaluleke kakhulu kumzimba wethu, kuba zibonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle emsebenzini wakhe. Ngenxa yokuvakalelwa kwangaphakathi, siziva silambile, sinxanwe, intlungu yezitho zangaphakathi.
3. Ukuvakalelwa ngokufanelekileyo:
- static-dynamic. Olu hlobo lovakalelo luvela kwipropati ye-vestibular kwaye lijongene nokulinganisela nokukhawuleza;
- kinesthesia. Siyabulela kwimvakalelo ye-musculo-articular, sinokugweba ukuchaneka kokuhamba kwethu;
- ezixubileyo. Yolu hlobo lwenvakalelo elisetyenziswe ngabantu abayizithulu nabangasisithulu, kwaye umthombo wokuvela kwayo kukutshintsho kwingcinezelo.
Iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuphazamiseka kwemizwa:
- ukuchithwa kwengqondo - ukuphulwa okuhambelana nokutshintsha okubukhali kumda weentlungu, ngoxa ububele buyancipha, kwaye umntu uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo oluthathaka olufanayo, njengokuba zibonakaliswe kwi-stimuli eqinile nebuthathaka;
- ukungaqondi kakuhle - ukukhuthaza. Umntu ugxininisa ubukhulu beentlungu nangona xa ebonakaliswe ebuthathaka
zivuthayo; - i-paresthesia luhlobo lokuphazanyiswa kweemvakalelo xa, xa kungabikho nto, umntu uzizwa ephazamisekile okanye ekhwaza kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba.
Yiyo eyahlukileyo yoluvo oluzalisekisa umsebenzi oyintloko weembono zethu zehlabathi, kwaye zonke iintlobo zengqondo zithathwa njengengqondo njengendlela yokuqonda into ejikelezayo. Ngoko ke, umzimba ophilileyo onokuziva uninzi lweempembelelo zezinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle, ubona ubomi ngokubanzi nangokuchanekileyo.