I-Cosmopolitan kwiLizwe lamanje njenge-Philosophy yezombusazwe

I-Cosmopolitan ibizwa ngokuba yi-bourgeois ideology kunye nefilosofi yobomi behlabathi, ingundoqo yayo kukuba iphika ilungelo lobume kunye nelifa lemveli leenkohlo. Abantu abazibona njengezi-cosmopolite bazibiza ngokuba ngabemi behlabathi ukuze baqhekeze iingxabano phakathi kwabemi bamazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba bonke abantu kufuneka baphile ngoxolo.

Yintoni i-cosmopolism?

Igama elithi "i-cosmopolitanism" lithetha ukutolika okuthe ngandlela-thile, oluye lwaqulunqwa ngokuqwalasela ukugxilwa kwezopolitiko:

1. Ukwandisa imbono yobunye bonke abantu abamele bazive bengabantu abangatshatanga.
2. Iingcamango zeBourgeois, ezazivakalisa ukuthanda izwe.
3. Iqoqo leengcamango ezichasa ilungelo labantu ukuba zizimele.

I-Cosmopolitan ngumntu olahla ubukumkani bakhe kunye neengcambu, eyaziwayo njengommi welizwe lonke ngelo xesha. Kwifilosofi, ezo zobuntu zabizwa ngokuba ngabemi belizwe elilodwa-i-Cosmopolis, i-Universe efanayo. Kwixesha lokukhanyisa, le ngcamango yaguqulelwa njengomngeni kumthetho wongqungquthela, echaza ukuba umntu akayilo ilizwe okanye umbusi, kodwa yena ngokwakhe.

Uphawu lwe-cosmopolitanism

Isimboli se-cosmopolitan sisimboli seflegi yoRhulumente wehlabathi weSizwe soLuntu-inhlangano eyenza isicaciso sobemi belizwe. Bakhupha iipassports zommi wehlabathi, ukuza kubakho abantu abangama-750,000 abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ababhalisile apho. Kuze kube ngoku, kuphela iMauritania, iTanzania, iTogo kunye ne-Ecuador baye bamkela amaxwebhu anjalo. Ifulegi ibonisa isibalo somntu esibhalwe kwihlabathi, njengesangqa. Oku kufanekisela ilungelo lomntu onokuyicinga njengelizwe lakubo nayiphi na indawo eplanethi, kuba ilizwe lomthonyama liphela lihlabathi elikhulu.

I-Cosmopolitan - i-pros and cons

Ingcamango yokuba "i-cosmopolitan" ngexesha lamaSoviet yayinempawu engalunganga, nangona amaninzi amaninzi adumile abizwa ngokuba ngabaxhasi beli ngcamango. Abaphandi beza kufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba uye wathetha, zombini i-pluses kunye ne-minuses. Amaphuzu aphambili:

1. Akunakulibandakanya uthando lomhlaba wakubo, kodwa kuphela olugqiba iindidi eziphezulu zokuvavanya koluntu oluhle.
2. Ikhusela imbonakalo ye-chauvinism, iinzame zokuphakamisa isizwe esinye phezu kwabanye.
3. Kuvusa umdla kwiinkcubeko zabanye abantu.

Amanqaku angundoqo:

1. Iyakucima kwaye iphelise imemori yeenkozo, izinto zokomoya nezesizwe engqondweni yomntu.
2. Iyancipha umva wekratshi lakho kwilizwe lakho.

Njani ukuba ube ngumntu ongekho?

Kukholelwa ukuba umntu ongeyena umntu ongayekanga ilizwe lakubo, kodwa ucinga ukuba umhlaba wonke ube ngumhlaba. Uyaxhomekeka kwiingcamango ezinje:

1. Akukho mazwe athile kunye nobuzwe, kukho ilizwe elilodwa, kunye noluntu olulodwa.
2. Inzuzo yoluntu ayikho ngaphaya komntu.
3. Akwamkelekanga ukutshutshisa abantu ngombala wesikhumba, ukholo kunye nokukhubazeka ngokomzimba.

Kwiinguqulelo zanamuhla ze-cosmopolitans ngabantu abaqonda ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabanye, ukuhlonipha abantu ngabanye, nokungabikho kwisizwe esithile. Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe umelela abaxhasi beengcamango ngabantu abangaqapheli amalungelo enkululeko okanye ezobupolitika, ukubonakaliswa kweNazism kunye nokumenyezelwa kobuzwe bodwa.

Ukutyalwa kwe-cosmopolitanism

"I-Cosmopolitan" okanye "ummi wehlabathi" - isikhundla esinjalo, esingekho kwimigaqo yokuziphatha, asikwazi ukuhambelana nabalawuli. Ekubeni iqhayiya lizwe labo, umnqweno wokukhusela nokukhusela, lihlala liyingxenye ebalulekileyo kwimfundo yobuzwe kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya kwanoma yiphina imeko. Ingakumbi ngokunyanzela ukuhlasela i-cosmopolism yeenkokheli zaseSoviet, kuqalwe noStalin, oye waba neengqalelo enkulu ekuboniseni le ngcamango.

Ukulwa ne-cosmopolitanism

Umzabalazo wokulwa nama-cosmopolitans phakathi kwekhulu lokugqibela e-Soviet Union yayibonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ekunciphiseni abantu abaneengqondo, abaye babecelwa ukuba bavelane neengcamango zaseNtshona. Iphulo ekumelene nabaxhasi beli ngcamango laboniswa kungekhona nje kwiingxoxo, zabizwa ngokuthi "utshaba lwabantu" kunye nokubhekiselele kwiinkampu, ezibonwa ekuchasweni okunjalo zikhutshwe kwimisebenzi yazo, zitshutshiswa.

Umjikelo wesibini womzabalazo onxamnye nale ngcamango yawa ngexesha leMfazwe yeCold, xa abantu befuna ukuba bahlangane ngokunyaniseka kwiinjongo zeqela. Ukuziqonda nje ngokuba ngummi wonke amazwe ngexesha elilodwa, kuquka, kwaye unenzondelelo kwinkqubo ekhoyo, yayingalingani ngokulingana. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, iiphulozo ezimnandi ngokumelene ne-cosmopolitans zahlelwa, ngesizathu esithile amaYuda ahlala ekhetha le nxaxheba. Nangona bavakalelwa ngentsingiselo yokuthanda ubutyebi kunye nokhetho lwabantu babo ngaphezu kwezinye iintlanga.

Cosmopolites eyaziwayo

I-worldview ye "cosmopolitanism" yayicatshulwa yinto ekhangayo ngabantu abaninzi abaziwayo, kwaye ngamnye wabo wayeneengcamango zakhe kunye nokuchazwa kwalo mbono.

1. Owokuqala ukuzibiza ngokuba ngumfilosofi ongumntu onguMoya uDiogenes, wagxininisa ukuba iimfuno zomntu zimi ngaphezu kwentando yobuzwe.
2. I-physicist eyaziwayo u-Einstein yamemezela ukuba uluntu kufuneka ludibanise kwaye luqaphele urhulumente omnye - i-congress esungulwe phantsi kwe-General General Assembly.
3. UMongameli waseMelika Truman udumise imbono yokudala i-republic republic, kunye nobunkokheli baseMerika.
4. Udokotela uHarry Davis wazivakalisa ukuba ngummi wehlabathi, kwaye waqulunqa umbutho onika iipassports ezinjalo kuwo wonke umntu.

Iincwadi malunga ne-cosmopolitanism

Umgaqo-nkqubo we-cosmopolitanism ukhange abaphandi abaninzi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo, elowo wazama ukufumana iingxabano zalo "ngokuba" kunye "nokuchasene" neengcamango ezikhoyo.

1. Yu. Kirschin "I-Cosmopolitan yindoda yoluntu" . Umbhali ubonisa iingcamango ze-cosmopolitan e-Ancient Greece, eChina nakwamanye amazwe, ahlalutye iinjongo ezibalulekileyo kwikamva.
2. Tsukerman Ethan. Uqhagamshelwano olutsha. I-digital cosmopolitan ngexesha lokuthetha . " Ibhulogi efundayo neyaziwayo ichaza amanxibelelwano oluntu kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obuya kutshintsha ikamva.
3. A. Potresov "Ihlabathi kunye ne-cosmopolitanism. Imigca emibini yentando yesininzi . " Incwadi iphakamisa iingxaki
4. inkcaso yezinto ezi zimbini kwiqela leMenshevik, ukubaluleka kwabo kubaluleka.
5. D. Najafarov. "Stalin kunye ne-cosmopolitan 1945-1953. Amadokhumenti e-Agitprop yeKomiti ePhambili yeCPSU . " Ujonge umkhankaso wokulwa nale ngcamango njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo weSoviet.
6. Fougères de Montbron. "I-Cosmopolitan okanye iCitizen Yehlabathi . " Umbhali uchaza indlela iingcamango ezahlula ngayo kwilizwe looyise, egxininisa ukuba ihlabathi lifana nencwadi, kwaye umntu owaziwayo kuphela nelizwe lakhe, funda elinye lamaphepha.