I-psychopathological syndrome ye-catatonia (ukusuka kwisiGrike "ukudonsa, umxhatshazo") ichazwe kuqala ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba. umjongi wengqondo waseJamani uKarl Ludwig Kalbaum. Wawukhetha kwaye wawufunda njengeengqondo ezizimeleyo, kodwa abalandeli baseKalum baqala ukujonga i-catatonia njenge-subtype ye-schizophrenia.
Yintoni i catatonia?
Izibonakaliso zezitholampilo zesifo ziyiziphazamiso zeemoto - ukuxhamla, ukuziphatha okungachukumisi okanye ukunyanzelisa. Ukugxininisa kwithethini ye-muscle kunokudibana nomonakalo wengqondo (ngenxa yokubetha, isisu, isifo seTretret, izifo ze-somatic kunye neemeko, ukuthatha imithi ethile, iziyobisi, njl.). I-Psychosis ibonakala njengempawu yeengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezingqondweni. Kwezinye izigulane akunakwenzeka ukuchonga izizathu zesifo.
I-Catatonia yisifo esibangela iingxabano phakathi kweengcali ezivela kwihlabathi lonke. Isizathu esona sivela kuyo asikaziwa, kwaye kukho iingcinga kuphela. Ngoko, ukubonakala kwe-syndrome kubangelwe:
- ukusilela kwi-cortex ye-cerebral cortex ye-gamma-aminobutyric acid;
- ngokukhawuleza ukukhutshwa kwiingqondo ze-hormone ye-dopamine;
- ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi ye-serotonergic kunye ne-cholinergic (emva kokuyeka ngokukhawuleza kwe-clozapine);
- ukuvela kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kokwesaba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi kunye ne-thalamus.
I-Catatonic syndrome
Umbuso wekatiyoni uquka ukuphazamiseka kwemoto, ngamanye amaxesha kuhlanganiswe ne-delirium, i-hallucinations, ukudideka kwengqondo kunye nezinye iingxaki ze-psychopathological disorders. Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kusekwa ngokuqwalasela imbali, iimpawu zeklinikhi, iimviwo ze-neurological kunye neziphumo zophando. Isifo sengqondo sifanele sichaze ukuba sisifo se-pathology esasibangela ukuba uphuhliso lwe-syndrome. Le meko ingafunyanwa ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane beempawu zayo ziphindwa rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini.
Izimpawu zeCataton
I-Catatonic syndrome ichaphazela abantu banoma yiphina iminyaka - abantwana kunye nabantu abadala (ubuninzi ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50). Kwimeko yokuqala, le ngxaki iyithatha indlela yokuziphatha ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neendlela ezithintekayo zokuziphatha: ukunyanzelisa okanye ukunyaniseka, ukuxhamla, ukuguquka, njl njll. Kwabo abaneminyaka eli-16 ukuya kwe-30, ukubonakaliswa kwe-cataton kuya kufinyelela kakhulu. Iimpawu zokugula kwabasetyhini kwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya ku-5 i-5 ingahle iphosakele ngenxa yongxowankulu: ukubonakalisa ubuso kunye nenkulumo, ukuziphatha kwezithuthi, njl. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-symptomatology ye-syndrome ilandelayo:
- ukutshatyalaliswa - izigulana ziphindaphinda ngokuphindaphinda izithuba, ukunyakaza;
- i-echosymptoms - ukuphindaphinda kwamanye amagama kunye namazwi;
- ukungahambi kakuhle okanye ukunyanzelisa ukungasebenzi - ukungaphumeleli ukuzalisa izicelo okanye ukulungisa izenzo);
- ukuxhamla kunye nokutshatyalaliswa - ukuguquka kwindawo engavumelekanga.
Kuphuhliso lwesifo kunokubonisa ukuba iimpawu ezinjengexesha elinomdla, ubumbano lweemvakalelo kumntu okanye kwisifundo esifanayo, ukuvalela, ukuthula okupheleleyo (ukutshatyalaliswa komzimba) okanye ukuthetha okungahambisani nokuxhatshazwa kwemizimba, uphawu lwe "umlotha womoya" (umntu ulele kwisimo esingenakulungeleka kunye nentloko yakhe ephakanyisiwe), amehlo avulekileyo, i-reflex grasping.
Iingxaki zeCatatonic
Isibakala esisisiseko sekatonia sisigxina esichazwe ngumxinzelelo wegazi kunye nokuthula. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeli meko: i-cataleptic stupor, i-negativistic kunye ne-numbness. Izigulane ziyakwazi ukugcina isikhundla esithile somzimba okanye isibonakaliso sobuso ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukuziphatha okungekho ngaphantsi kwe-cataton ukulibaziseka umsebenzi wezithuthi, apho isikhundla somzimba kudla ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ukungalunganga. Ukuphendulela okuchaseneyo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezifo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezingenanto, ezingahambelani nemeko.
Ukugubha kweCataton
Ukuba isigulane sisiselula, sisebenza kwaye senza izinto ezinenjongo kwaye ezingenjongo, kukho ukuphazamiseka kwekatiaton, iimpawu zazo ezinokuhlulwa zibe zimbini iintlobo. Indlela yokukhathazeka ibonakaliswa ngokuphucuka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ayichazwanga kakhulu: iqala ngokutshintsha kwemizwelo, ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga, intetho yokukhathazeka. Uhlobo lwesibini lokuvuselela luyingozi, apho uphuhliso olunzulu lweempawu luphawu. Isigulane senza ngokukhawuleza, ngokunyanisekileyo, ngokuqhubekayo, kwinqanaba lobunzima, lingazilimaza yena nabanye; izenzo zakhe ziyingozi.
I-Catatonic Schizophrenia
Inqabile, inzima kwaye, njengomthetho, ukugula kwengqondo okungenakuphulukiswa kuyindlela ye-catatonic ye-schizophrenia. Kwenzeka kwipesenti encinci (1-3) ye-schizophrenics. Isifo sisichaphazela yonke imisebenzi yomzimba, kwaye ukuphulwa okukhulu kwenkqubo yemoto kuyabonwa. Izigulane zeCataton zihlala kwindawo enye ixesha elide, nangona kungenakwenzeka ukusuka kumbono womntu oqhelekileyo (emi emlenzeni owodwa okanye elula ingalo phezulu). Iimpawu ezichanekileyo ze-catatonic schizophrenia yindlela yokutshintsha kunye nokuzonwabisa.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kweTataton
Okokuqala, i-catatonic schizophrenia ibonakaliswe ngumsebenzi ongenakukhubazeka. Kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu: i-paranoid, i-hallucinations, njl. Kwixesha elisemva kwesifo, uhlahlo olubi lwentlalo lukhula. I-catatonic delirium, njengomthetho, iyenzeka nge-cataleptic stupor, xa isigulana sitshatyalalisa ixesha elide, ayiphenduli kwisibheno esikhulu kuye kwaye iyafumaneka ukuba inxibelelana ngokuthula.
I-Catatonia ngaphandle kwelanga lokuqonda libizwa ngokuba yi-lucid. Phantse njalo ikhula kwi-schizophrenia. Ifom ye-onedid of the disease ihamba nephulo lokubonakalisa ihlabathi lenene, ukungathandabuzeki kokucinga, ukuphazamiseka, i-amnesia (epheleleyo okanye inxenye). Abanye oogqirha bajonga ukuba i-catia eiyroid ibe yindlela enzima kakhulu yokuhlaselwa kwe-schizoaffective. I-Catatonic syndrome yale hlobo ivela ngokukhawuleza.
Isimo seCatatonic
I-Oyneroid syndrome ibonisa ukugqithwa kwengqondo yesigulane ngamava afana namaphupha, utshintsho olubukhali kunye nokudideka. Iphupha lePataton lizaliswe ngamava amnandi kunye namazwi angabonakaliyo. Bangakwazi ukudibanisa nenyaniso. Isigulane sisithatha inxaxheba kwisimo esicatshulwayo, kukho ukuphazanyiswa kwindawo ethile ngokukhethekileyo "mna". Kukho utshintsho olukhawulezayo lwendlela yokuzonwabisa.
Ukudakumba kweCatatonic
I-Catatonic syndrome ikhula ngokuzimeleyo kunye kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo sihamba kunye nokudandatheka, okunyusa imiqondiso yekatonia. Ngokomzekelo, isigulane kwisigxina singasishiya ixesha elide, sibhekane nentlungu, nokuba singashukunyanga ngomnwe-kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Isimo esicinezelekileyo siba sisizathu sendawo epheleleyo yesigulane.
ICatatonia ebulalayo
Kukho uhlobo lwe-schizophrenia, olubonakalisa ukuqala ngokukhawuleza, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo, ukuvuswa kwe-catatonic eqinile, ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba, ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana kunye nokuguqulwa kwamathambo kwisimo se-hematopoietic, ukuphuhliswa kokudinwa kunye ne-coma. Elinye igama lesi sifo ngu-hypertoxic schizophrenia. Ukugxekwa kwe-syndrome kuyinto engathandekiyo, nangona i-catatonia ebulalayo iyaphathwa.
ECatatonia - unyango
Umntu ofumene i-catatonia akakwazi ukuhanjiswa kunyango phambi kokuba iingxaki zengqondo ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwesifo zichongiwe. Izifundo ezizodwa kufuneka ziqhutywe ukuba zingabandakanyi ezinye izizathu ze-neuroloki kwaye zifumane ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo aseCatonia. Ukuba i-catatonia ikhula ngesiseko se-schizophrenia kunye naluphi na ukungaqhelekanga kwengqondo, unyango kufuneka luqale ngokukhupha isigulane seempawu zezi zifo. Isigulane siqhubeka sigqirha ugqirha, sifakwa esibhedlele.
Iintlungu ze-catatonic ezikhungayo zifuna ukufumana amanyathelo athile enyango. Kwisigaba sokuqala, isigulane sinikezwa isisombululo esingabalulekanga se-caffeine kunye nesisombululo se-10% se-barbamyl. Xa iiprojekti zemoto ziphinda ziqaliswe, ukulawulwa kweziyobisi kuphelile. Unyango olungcono kakhulu unyango luxhomekeke ngoncedo lwe-ECT - unyango lwe-electroconvulsive kunye nama-benzodiazepine amalungiselelo. Ngethuba elifanayo ngokusebenzisa isifo se-ultrasound isigulane sisoloko sihlolwe ukuba sigqibe iinqanaba zokubuyiselwa kwakhe.
Kukho izimbangela ezininzi ze-catatonic syndrome, ezenza ukuba unyango lwayo luqhubeke. Kwinqanaba langoku lokuphuhliswa kweyeza, le meko yendalo yengqondo ayiyiyo isigwebo. Iimeko eziphiliswayo zingabizwa ngama-40% wezigulane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingcali zikwazi ukufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuphucula okuqhubekayo kwimeko yesigulane.