Xa isalathiso sokuzalwa sidlulayo, umzimba we-fetus awuhambeli nje kuphela, kodwa uyaziguqula kwakhona kwi-canal yokuzalwa. Ukugqithisa i-pelvic ring kunye nama-soft tissues - aguqa okanye aphethile iinxalenye zomzimba. Yonke inkathazo yokuguqulela, i-flexural and extensor movements, eyenziwa ngumntwana kulo mzekelo, kuthiwa yi-biomechanism of birth.
Iyona ndawo ephantsi kakhulu, eyokuzalwa kuqala, ibizwa ngokuba yi-point point, kunye nendawo apho iziqhamo zihlala khona ngaphantsi kwe-pubic symphysis-indawo yokulungisa. I-biomechanism yokubeleka ixhomekeke kwinkcazo (yintoni inxalenye yomntwana ongaphantsi komnyango we-pelvis encinci), ukungeniswa (inxalenye yomntwana osele wangena kwaye wagxininisa kwi-pelvis encinci), ubukhulu kunye nomlo we-pelvis kunye nentloko yomntwana.
I-Biomechanism yokubeleka kunye nentetho
Intsingiselo iyinto eqhelekileyo entloko (intloko itholakala ngaphaya kokungena kwintlaka) kunye ne-gluteal (ngasentla kwesango-amacangca omntwana), oblique, umtshintshi okanye umlenze wenkcazo-oku akuyona into eyahlukileyo kwimiqathango kwaye ifuna ukungenelela kwentsholongwane yezilwanyana kunye neendlela ezizodwa zobasebenzi. Kwintetho ye-occipital, i-wired point kuyoba yi-occiput. Imbono yangaphambili yinto apho umqolo uphendulela kwindonga yangaphambili yesisu, kwaye ngasemva lijongene nodonga lwangemva.
I-Biomechanism yezabasebenzi kunye ne-occipital presentation
1. Phambi kokujonga:
- ukuguqa kwentloko (i-fontanel encinci iba yintambo ye-wire);
- ukujika kwangaphakathi kwekhanda kwintsimbi yomama, apho i-nape ye-fetus ishukumisela ukuya kwi-symphysis, kunye nebunzi kwi-sacrum yomama;
- Ukwandiswa kwekhanda xa udlula phantsi kwe-arc laparar, apho isiqhamo sithe sichasene nenxalenye ye-suboccipital kwaye intloko ingapheli phantsi kweli nqaku lokulungisa, idlula ngobukhulu oblique (9.5 cm);
- ukujikeleza kwangaphandle kwentloko kunye nokujikeleza kwangaphakathi kwamagxa, xa amahlombe ekugqithiseni ubukhulu bawo bukhulu kwisiguquko esiphezulu okanye oblique, emva kokudlula amahlombe, zonke ezinye iziqhamo zeziqhamo zizalwe ngokukhawuleza.
2. Kwimbono yangemuva:
- ukuguqa intloko (i-wire point isinanci encinane okanye ummandla phakathi komncinane nomkhulu);
- ukuguquka kwangaphakathi kwentloko - i-nape iphendukela kwi-sacrum, kunye nebunzi kumbono wesobunxele, ukwanda okongeziweyo kwentloko - ngexesha lokukhuphuka kwekhanda, inxalenye yangaphambili yayo inxamnye nomda ophantsi we-symphysis - le yinto yokuqala yokulungelelanisa apho intloko igobile khona, kwaye okwesibini yi-suboccipital i-fossa, apho isiqhamo sithe sichasene ne-coccyx, ukongezwa kwenzeka ngokuzalwa kwentloko;
- ukujika kwangaphandle kwentloko kunye nokujika kwangaphakathi kwama-hangers.
Kwezinye iintetho zentloko, ukuzalwa kunokwenzeka nge-extensor (yangaphambili nangobonakaliso buso), kodwa kwisigxina sangaphambili singabonakaliswa kakhulu kwaye ukufa kwabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa kuyinto enkulu kakhulu - ngokufakela okukhulu, ukuzalwa komntwana ongumntwana okhulayo kungenakwenzeka.
I-Biomechanism yezabasebenzi nge-pelvic (breech)
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luyinkcazo yevreech yomntwana, apho umntwana uza kuzalwa khona. Ukubeletha kule ntetho akuyona inkathalo, kodwa kunzima kakhulu.
I-Biomechanism kunye neprovicvic:
- ukufakwa kwesigxina se-fetus kwi-pelvis encane oblique ngosayizi, inamba yocingo iba yinye yamathambo ebusana;
- Ukujika kwangaphakathi kwamatye ngobunzima obuchanekileyo, emva kweyiphi enye yamagqabha ejongene ne-symphysis, enye - kwi-coccyx;
- i-trunk, i-trunk, apho i-point of fixation ye-buttock-phantsi kwe-arch lumbar, iyakujikeleza kwaye inxalenye ye-pelvic izalwa;
- ukujika kwangaphakathi kwamagxa kunye nokujika kwangaphandle kwesiqu, apho amahlombe omntwana afumaneka kwisayizi ngokuthe ngqo;
- umda wecala lomhlaba, apho igxala eliphambili lixhomekeke phantsi kwesifuba kwaye umxhesho ogqithisiweyo uphathwa xa uguquguqukayo;
- ukujika kwangaphakathi kwentloko, iguqula i-occiput phambili, i-suboccipitary fossa ixhomekeke phantsi kwegama elilodwa kwaye lilungele, lizalwe ngesimo esifanelekileyo.
Intshumayelo yomlenze ifana ne-pelvic presentation, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo bazama ukugwema ukuwela emilenzeni kwaye bazame ukunciphisa ukuzalwa kwabo, bezama ukuguqula umyalezo wentambo kwi-gluteal.