Umhlaza wesibeleko sisifo esoloko sifika ekukhanyeni kwizigaba ezilandelayo, oko kukukhohlisa. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba le nzala iyintoni na, ukuba umntu unokukhankanya njani ukuphuhliswa kwayo, ukwenzela ukukhusela imiphumo emibi ngexesha.
Izizathu zesifo somhlaza
Isayensi yezokwelapha ayengazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo emzimbeni yindlela yokubangela isisu esibi kwiindonga zamathumbu. Kule meko, ininzi yezinto ezibalaseleyo, phambi kokuba enye okanye ngaphezulu apho i-oncology yebilini ivela kwiimeko ezininzi:
- Izifo ezivuthayo kunye nezigulane zesistim sokutya, ezibhekwa njengeprespubescent (i-polyps, i-adenoma, izilonda zesilonda, ukuguguleka kwesifo , isifo se -Crohn, isifo se-celiac , njl.);
- ukutya okunomsoco (ukuxhaphaka kwimenyu eyosiweyo, i-fatty, i-peppery, izitya zokubhema, ininzi yenyama, ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekileyo kwemveliso yezityalo, njl.);
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
- ukutshaya;
- ukuqhenyiswa okungapheliyo ;
- ukungena kwama-carcinogens emzimbeni ngokutya;
- u bunzima;
- ukungabikho kwemoto;
- izidalwa zendalo (ukuba izihlobo eziseduze zafunyaniswa nomhlaza wamathumbu emathumbu, ikakhulukazi kwiminyaka engama-45).
Umhlaza we-intestinal uvela njani?
Izibonakaliso zomhlaza wesisu, iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo azibalulekiyo kwaye zingabalulekanga, zihlala zikhumbuza ezinye izifo ezininzi zesistim sokutya. Kwimichiza, iimpawu zomhlaza wamathumbu asemathunjini aqokelelwe kuma-syndromes ahlukeneyo kunye nezibonakaliso ezilandelayo:
1. I-Toxic-anemic, ehambelana nokuphulwa komgangatho we-mucosa wamathumbu kunye nokungena kwee-toxins ezivela emzimbeni ukuya kwi-flow flow blood:
- ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza;
- buthathaka;
- intlungu entloko;
- intlungu emalunga;
- utshintsho kwintliziyo kunye nesigqi sokuphefumula;
- ukwanda kancinci kumbindi womzimba;
- kunciphisa i- hemoglobin egazini .
2. I-entocolitis, ebangelwa iinkqubo ezivuthayo emathunjini:
- udodi okanye ukuzitywa;
- intlungu esiswini emva kokutya;
- Ubukho bokuba ngongcolileyo kumagqabi amancinci, egazini okanye enqabileyo;
- ukuguquka.
3. I-Dyspeptic, ehambelana nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yamathumbu kunye nemetastasis esibindi:
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza;
- isiphumo, esichazwe ngumnikelo ovuthayo;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- izifo zesebe.
4. I-Obturation, ephawulwe ngexesha le-metastasis kunye nokwakhiwa kokubambezela okuvuthayo kwingingqi ye-tumor:
- ukuvakalelwa rhoqo kwesisu esiswini;
- intlungu kwisisu emva kokutya;
- ukudityaniswa ixesha elide, apho i-laxatives ayinakunceda.
5. Ukunyamezela-ukuvuvukala, ukubonakala kwiimitha zesithinteli kwizitho ezikude:
- intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini;
- ukuguquka;
- ukuqothulwa;
- Amancinci aneengcola ezingcolileyo;
- Izibonakaliso zelungu eliye lalinganiswa.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - iimpawu kwiimpawu zokuqala
Umhlaza wesibeletho, iimpawu zokuqala ezibonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza, zivela ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoko zisoloko ziqaphele isigulane kwaye zinyanzeliswa ukuba zize kudokotela. Ukuze ungaphuthelwa ekuqaleni kophuhliso lwenkqubo yokugula, kubalulekile ukunyamekela oku kulandelayo imiqondiso yesifo somhlaza:
- Imfumba emdlavuza wamathumbu emathumbu iqulethe imivuno yegazi okanye i-suppositories ye-mucocutaneous;
- intlungu yomhlaza wesisu isendaweni esesiswini kwaye inikezwe ngasemva, i-perineum;
- Ubuthakathaka obungachazwanga, ukukhathala, ukungondleki.
I-Cancer yamathumbu amakhulu - iimpawu kunye neempawu
Ukuba kukho umhlaza wengxenyana enkulu, i. i-tumor ibonakala kwiindonga zekholoni, oku kulandelayo:
- izitulo ezikhululekile;
- unqwenela ukukhupha;
- ubuhlungu okanye ubuhlungu obuhlungu kummandla we-subcostal ngakwesokudla okanye kwesobunxele;
- ukucima.
Umhlaza wesisu esincinci - iimpawu kunye nokubonakaliswa
I-Cancer yamathumbu amancinci ifunyaniswa kakhulu kuninzi, ikakhulukazi kwabasetyhini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pathology ifunyaniswa kwizigulane ezigugile. I-Cancer yempawu emathunjini amancinci ihlala ilandelayo:
- iintlungu ezintle kwindawo yesigodi;
- ukunyamezela isisulu;
- intlungu kwi-anus ngexesha lokuchasana;
- ukuhlanza rhoqo.
Amanqanaba omhlaza wesisu
Ekuphuhliseni umhlaza wesilonda, iingcali zichonga izigaba eziliqela ezibonisa ukwanda kweempawu zokugula:
- 0 isigaba -ukubonakala kwimizimba ye-mucosal yesisu somzimba omncinci weeseli ezingama-atypical ngokukhawuleza ukwahlula kwaye zingahlaselwa kwiiseli ezibi;
- Isigaba 1 - isisu esincinci sisezindongeni zamathumbu (kwinqanaba elincinci okanye elincinci), i-lymph nodes ayichaphazelekayo, akukho zithintelo;
- Isigaba sesi-2 - i-neoplasm ifinyelela ubukhulu be-2 - 5 cm kwaye ichaphazela zonke iindonga zodonga lwamathumbu emathunjini, i-metastases ayigcinwanga, i-lymph nodes ezikufutshane zingathinteka;
- Isigaba sesi-3 - i-tumor ebulalayo idlula ngaphaya kwamathumbu, ixhaphaza izitho kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane, okanye ihlala inxalenye enkulu yecala lokukhupha, ikhula ngaphakathi, i-lymph nodes ezijikelezayo zichaphazelekayo;
- Isigaba sesi-4 - umdlavuza wamathumbu omzimba unobungozi obude obuqhelekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo kwisibindi, imiphunga), i-tumor ikhulu kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo somhlaza
Xa kukho isikrokrelo somhlaza wamathumbu emathumbu, inamnesis iqokelelwa, i-palpation esiswini kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-digital kwimeko ye-rectum. Le yindlela yokuqala yokuxilonga etholakale sele sele yamkelwa ngugqirha. Emva koko, isiguli siyafumana ukuthunyelwa kwezinye zezi zilandelayo zifundo zezixhobo:
- sigmoidoscopy ;
- rectoscopy;
- colonoscopy ;
- Irrigoscopy ;
- I-Ultrasound yesigxina sesisu;
- ikhompyutheni kunye nokuboniswa kwamandla omzimba wezitho zokugaya;
- fibrocolonoscopy;
- i-fluoroscopy yesidumbu nesibindi;
- Laparoscopy.
Ukongezelela, kuya kubakho ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngomhlaza wesilonda, kuquka iisampuli zabaxhasi bamagqabi (ngenxa yobunzima beeseli zomhlaza kwigazi) kunye nokufundwa kwamagqabi ngenxa yobunzima beengxube zegazi. Xa ukuxilongwa kugqityiwe ukucacisa isigaba sesi sifo kunye nokukhethwa kweendlela zokwenza unyango, i-biopsy yamathambo amathumbu ayenziwa, ilandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-histological and cytological examination.
Unyango lomhlaza wesilonda
Ukubuza malunga nendlela yokuphilisa umdlavuza wamathumbu omzimba, isigulane, okokuqala, kufuneka sithintele ukulwa nesifo kwaye ukholelwe kwimiphumo ephumelelayo. Isiseko sonyango ngumsebenzi wokutyunjwa ukususa isisu esinomhlaza esilandelwa yi-chemotherapy okanye i-radiotherapy. Kwiimeko ezingenakusebenza, xa i-tumor ikhule kakhulu kwaye ichaphazele izicubu kunye nezitho ezikufutshane, unyango olumiselweyo luphucula imeko yesigulane kunye ne-chemotherapy ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubukhulu be-metastasis.
I-Chemotherapy yomhlaza wesisu
Ukuqwalasela indlela yokunyanga umdlavuza wamathumbu emathunjini kwimeko ethile, ugqirha uyaqwalasela izinto ezahlukeneyo: umlinganiselo wonakalo kunye nemetastasis, iminyaka yesigulane, izifo ezithintekayo, njl njl. Ikhemotherapy idla ngokuqhutyelwa ngaphambi okanye emva kokuhlinzwa, iziyobisi zilawulwa ngokubanzi. Iyeza eliphambili elisetyenzisiweyo li-5-fluorouracil. Ukongezelela, ezinye izidakamizwa ze-cytostatic okanye idibaniselwano zayo zinokumiselwa: i-capecitabine, i-irinotecan, i-topotecan, njl. Iinkalo kunye ne-chemotherapy regimens ziyahluka.
Ukusebenza emzimbeni wesibeleko
Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo kubandakanya inkqubo yokuhlinzwa, njengento yokuthengiswa kwamathumbu emathunjini - ukususwa kwe-tumor kunye nenxalenye ethintekileyo yelungu. Ngamanye amaxesha ngokufanayo, ukususwa kwee-lymph nodes ezonakaliswe yintsholongwane yomhlaza, izicubu ezinamafutha. Umsebenzi ungenziwa ngendlela yendabuko, okanye ngokusebenzisa iiplctures ezincinci kwisigxina esiswini. Ukongezelela, ukuba kususwe, umjelo we-radiosurgical sometimes usetyenziso. Ngomlinganiselo omncinci we-tumor, usebenziso lwe-endoscopic lwangaphakathi lusebenza kwi-rectum.
Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke iimeko ukuba zichane ngokuchanekileyo ubukhulu be-neoplasm kwaye inani leethambo zisuswe. Ngenxa yolu, uncedo oluninzi lokungenelela lufunekayo. Ekubeni kukho i-foci yesibini, ukupheliswa kwabo kugqityiwe. Ukuba ama-metastase atshintshe isibindi, i-cryotherapy okanye ity laser ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa ukwenzela ukususa izicubu zesisu.
Ukutya umhlaza wesisu
Ukuphucula ukulwa nesifo esiyingozi, ukulungelelaniswa kokusebenza kwenkqubo yokutya, ukufana nokutya, ukungenisa izondlo, kubalulekile ukuba ulungelelanise ngokufanelekileyo ukutya okunomdla kumhlaza wamathumbu emathumbu. Akubaluleke nje kuphela ukutya okutya, kodwa kunye nolawulo lokutya, imithetho yokutya. Ngaloo ndlela, izigulane ziboniswa ukutya ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elithile (iiyure eziyi-2-3), ngokucokisekileyo, ukuhlaziya okukhawuleza kokutya ngaphambi kokungena. Ukutya kufuneka kufudumale, kulungiswe ngokutsha. Ukongeza, kufuneka uphuze amanzi amaninzi.
Ezi ziitya ezilandelayo, ezilungiselelwe ngendlela yokubilisa, ukuhamba, ukusetyenziswa kwe-steam, zincedo:
- isobho semifuno;
- intlanzi ephilileyo kunye nenyama;
- ipayipi;
- imifuno, izithelo, amajikijolo;
- izitya zobisi obuncinci obuninzi;
- iimveliso ze-macaroni ukusuka kwengqolowa yengqolowa, njl.
Ukungqinelana:
- zonke iinqatha, ezibiweyo, zitshiza, ziyatshisa;
- utywala;
- amafishi amnandi;
- ukutya okusemgangathweni;
- ukukhethwa;
- ikhofi, i-cocoa, itiye eqinile;
- tshokoleta;
- iimveliso ze-confectionery kunye nama-cream creams;
- ubisi bonke, njl
Unyango lomhlaza wesisu ngamathumbu omntu
Ngendlela yokunyanga umdlavuza wekoloni kunye nezilwanyana zamadoda, kukho ulwazi oluninzi kwizityalo ezizonyango eziziwayo kunye nabalandeli beyeza. Ngethuba elifanayo, ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke nolo hlobo unyango, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba umhlaza awukwazi ukutshatyalaliswa kuphela ngamachiza omntu. Ezi ndlela zingasetyenziselwa nje ukuba uncedise kunye nemvume yokungena ngudokotela. Nantsi enye yeendlela zokupheka ezijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukukhusela, ukucima isahlulo samaseli omhlaza, ukuthintela ukutyunjwa.
Ukuphilisa i-decoction
Izithako:
- Iingcambu ze-Licorice ezomileyo ezichotshoziweyo - itafile e-1. isipuni;
- amanzi - 1 iglasi.
Ukulungiselela nokusetyenziswa:
- Dlulisa izinto zokuvelisa ngamanzi abilayo.
- Faka kwindawo yokuhlambela ngamanzi kwikota yeyure.
- Ukunyanzelisa imizuzu engama-40.
- Ukunyamezela, ukupholisa, kwengeza amanzi kwixabiso langaphambili lomlambo.
- Thatha isipuni seminye imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokutya kathathu ngosuku.
Umhlaza wesifo somzimba - ukuhlaziya
Izigulane eza kufuneka zive kugqirha onjalo, zifuna ukuba zihlala ziphi na umdlavuza wamathumbu emathumbu. Ukuphendula ngokungapheliyo lo mbuzo awukwazi, ngenxa yokuba. konke kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi kunye nokudibanisa kweemeko. Ngokwezibalo, emva kokuba umdlavuza wamathumbu emathunjini amanyathelo apheliswe, umlinganiselo wokuphila osisigxina wezigulane uneminyaka engama-90%. Ngomhlaza wesigaba sesibini, isibonakaliso sinciphisa ukuya kuma-55-80%, isithathu-ukuya kwi-50%, yesine-ukuya kwi-1%. Kule meko, ithuba lokuphindaphinda kwezigulana emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba unyango lomhlaza luyancipha luye lucacile.