Ukukhangisa kwangaphandle - iingeniso kunye nokungonakali

Kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zedolophu esizungezwe ngentengiso yangaphandle: izibhengezo, amabhodi kunye nezikhombisi, kwaye iiskrini zangaphandle ze-LED zangoku zithandwa. Kukunzima ukwakha indlela yokuhamba ukuze ungaphazamiseki nayiphi na yalezi zixhobo.

Yintoni ukukhangisa kwangaphandle?

Umntu ongahlanganiswa nophakamiso, akunakwenzeka ukuba abize ngaphezu kweendlela ezintathu zendlela yokuhambisa ulwazi. Enyanisweni, ukukhangisa kwangaphandle naluphi na ulwazi olubonakalayo, olubonwayo kunye nolwahlukileyo olufakwe kwizakhiwo zesikhashana kunye nezisigxina eziphakanyisiweyo kwizakhiwo, indawo ekhululekile, ngaphaya kwendlela okanye kuyo. Isici esibalulekileyo kukukhetha okuncinci, oko kukuthi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezivakalisi zibonakala.

Ukukhangisa kwangaphandle - iingeniso kunye nokungonakali

Injongo yemilayezo yokuthengisa kukutsala ingqwalasela yabathengi abanakho. Phakathi kweentlobo ezikhoyo zempembelelo enjalo akukho nto efanelekileyo, nganye inemiqathango yayo. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa intengiso yangaphandle, kufuneka ukwazi malunga nempawu zayo eziphambili. Ngaphandle koko, kulula ukwenza iimpazamo kwaye ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuphumelela komyalezo.

Iingxaki:

1. Uqhagamshelwano lwexeshana . Umdluli-wecala uya kubamba isibonakaliso kwimpawu ezimbalwa.
2. Bunzima . Akukho nto inokuthi ifuthe kwicandelo elijoliswe kuyo, umyalezo uza kubonwa ngumntu wonke.
3. Uxinzelelo oluphantsi . Abantu bahlala bekela ingqalelo kwiindawo ezikhanyayo, kodwa musa ukuzikhumbula.
4. Isimo sengqondo esibi . Nasiphi na isigidimi sokukhangisa sibonwa njenge-stimulus, kwaye yangaphandle iphanga nokubonakala kwesi sixeko.
5. Ukuchaneka . Ubuninzi bolwazi aluyi kuqondwa ngenxa yoqhagamshelwano olukhawulezayo.
6. Iingxaki zobunzima . Ubhengezo lwangaphandle alubonakali nje kwimithetho yomthetho, izithintelo zingachaza negunya lendawo. Ngoko ke, ekubekeni kwayo, kufuneka uchithe izibonelelo ezinzulu zolawulo.
7. Iindleko . Ukongezelela kwiindleko zokufakela kunye nemveliso, ezingenasisiseko, inkampani iya kufuneka ichithe imali ngokubeka iliso rhoqo kwimeko yesakhiwo kunye nokuhlaziywa ukuba yonakaliswe.

Iingeniso zentengiso yangaphandle:

1. Ukulula . Umyalezo ufundwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezongezelelweyo.
2. Imbopheleleko . Ungayihoyi okanye ukhubaze esi sikhangiso asiyi kusebenza.
3. Ukufikelela ngokubanzi . Ukusebenza xa ukhetho lungakhethi kwindawo yokuqala.
4. Ummandla ophezulu . Izakhiwo ezinkulu zibangela umdla, kwaye ukukhangisa kwangaphandle kunika ubungakanani obukhulu kakhulu.
5. Ukusabalala . Inokusetyenziswa kwiimarike zendawo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba yande kwilizwe lonke.
6. Ukuqwalaselwa . Xa yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, le yindlela efanelekileyo yokubamba imveliso entsha okanye uphawu.
7. Iindleko . Ukudalwa kwezo ntengiso kuyabiza, kodwa ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana kwexesha elide lithengwa ngenye yexabiso elincinci.

Iintlobo zentengiso yangaphandle

Inani leefomathi kunye nabathwali bahlala bekhula, ukwenzela ukuba iindlela zokukhangisa kwangaphandle zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amakhulu amabini.

1. Imidiya yokugcina . Oku kubandakanya zonke iinketho ezisezindaweni zazo ngokusisigxina. Zihlukaniswe zibekwe kwizakhiwo kunye nokuma ngokwahlukileyo. Ezi zilandelayo zizisekelo okanye isicwangciso.
2. Imali yexeshana . Akunalo indawo echanekileyo kwaye iboniswe ixesha elithile.

Ibhokisi lokukhanya - ibhokisi ekhanyayo

Isakhiwo esivaliweyo kunye nokukhanya kwangaphakathi. Isakhelo senziwe ngensimbi, kwaye umzimba wenziwe nge-polycarbonate yeselula, i-glass ye-acrylic okanye i-PVC, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezingaphantsi kwexesha zisetyenziswa kule njongo. Umfanekiso wenziwa usebenzisa umbala wombala wefayili okanye ukushicilela umbala. Ibhokisi lebhokisi lihamba phambili, kuba ukukhanya kungaphakathi kwebhokisi lokukhanya. Ukufakwa kweentengiso zangaphandle zolu hlobo kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokumiswa, kukho iindlela zokwenyuka komgangatho.

Iileta zokukhanyisa

Olu hlobo luyinkimbinkimbi kunamanye ekuveliseni, kodwa umbala walo kunye nokumelela kuphezulu. Iibhokisi zentengiso zangaphandle zihluke - kukho iplati ye-PVC okanye isinyithi, i-pseudo-volumetric kunye ne-volumetric ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, kodwa ezona zikhangeleka zihamba ngokukhawuleza. Babonakala bekhangelekile emini, kwaye benze imbonakalo efanelekileyo ebumnyameni. Kukho ubuchwepheshe obuninzi kwimveliso yabo.

1. Ukukhanya kwangaphakathi . Uyilo lufana nebhokisi lokukhanya, kodwa umlo unzima kakhulu. Zenziwe ngeprofayili ye-aluminium kunye nodonga lwentsimbi kunye neepaneli zobuso ezenziwe ngeglasi ye-acrylic, zivaliwe ngefilimu ye-vinyl enefuthe elikhanyayo. Iiphelo zokuphela zingenziwa ngeplastiki eguquguqukayo ukufumana ukukhanya okukhawulezayo. Ngaphakathi kwileta, ii-LED okanye izibatho ze-neon zifakwe.
2. Ngemvula evulekile . Isetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifakwe kwiindonga okanye uphahla lwezakhiwo. Kule meko, ukungabikho kweepaneli zangaphambili kwenza ukuba iileta zicacise ngakumbi, kwaye ngenxa yobude obukhulu, umntu akanako ukwesaba izenzo zokuchitheka.
3. Ngempembelelo ye "kontrazhur . " Umqolo ubonakala, yonke into yenziwe ngesinyithi. Ngaphakathi i-neon okanye i-LED ekhanyayo. Ebumnyameni ubhaliso lufumana isakhelo sesitayela. Umbala wenxalenye yensimbi unokuba yiyiphi into yokubonga ngokusetyenziswa kwengubo yokupheka.

Ukuma kolwazi

Eyaziwa ngamaxesha aseSoviet, iibhodi zeengxelo zafunyanwa kwakhona kwiimpawu zolwazi, zikwazi ukugcina isibheno sabo kubaphulaphuli. Zingaba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi. Ukufakela okumiselweyo, ukufakwa kwiibhloko zekhonkrithi, itafile okanye imilenze inokwenzeka. Iifom zentengiso yangaphandle yalolu hlobo zihluke, ngokuqhelekileyo zikho iindlela zokukhetha imitha ngomitha kunye nemitha ezimbini. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuguqula ngokukhawuleza ulwazi olumeko lunikezelwa ngamapokethi ayenziwe ngobukhulu be-plexiglas A4 (amanye amanani angangoko).

Neon ukukhangisa

Ehlabathini sele isetyenziswe ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20, kodwa eRashiya yaqala ukubonakala kuphela kwi-90s. Iimpawu zentengiso yangaphandle yalolu hlobo zivumela ukuba zihlale zifunwa kule mihla:

• ukuchaneka - ezifanelekileyo ezicwangcisiweyo zangaphandle nangaphandle, zingasetyenziselwa ubuninzi beqondo lokushisa;
• uqoqosho - ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphantsi, ubomi benkonzo yiminyaka eyi-10-15;
• ukukhangela - ukhangela ingqalelo ebusuku nobusuku;
• Impumelelo - malunga nemibala eyi-100 iyatholakala, ingasetyenziswa njengenxalenye yeenkqubo ezinamandla.

Intsika yokupapashwa

Kuyi-bhodibhodi yesibini elandayo eneendawo ezifikelela kwi-1.5 metres square, ezingekho ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-5 ukususela ekuqaleni. Indlela enokungabizi kwaye eyisebenzayo yenkampani ukwazisa malunga neenkonzo zayo. Ingafakwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesakhiwo, ihlangene kunye kunye nanye, ikhetho ikhona ngokukwazi ukutshintsha ulwazi. Iinjongo eziphambili ukuhamba nokuhlala. Ukukhangisa kwangaphandle kunye nokuncediswa kweentsika kunokwenzeka, kodwa oku kuya kubangela ukwanda kwexabiso.

Prizmatron

Kule meko, ukukhangisa kwangaphandle kufakwe kwikhuselo elineenkampu ezihamba phambili ezintathu. Ifilimu enombala opheleleyo wombutho isalathini kwicala ngalinye. Ngenxa yoko, imilayezo emithathu iboniswa kwiintshukumo (inkampani enye okanye eyahlukileyo). Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo beli khuselo li-3 ngamitha engama-6, kodwa ezinye iinketho zinokwenziwa kwisicelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo Ukusetyenziswa kweentengiso zangaphandle zolu hlobo kunikezelwa ngenxa yamanqaku alandelayo:

• I-Backlight - ulwazi lubonakala nanini na imini;
• intshukumo-idonsela ingqalelo engcono kunomfanekiso wesimo;
• imiyalezo emithathu kwibhodi enye - kukho ithuba lokuthetha ngakumbi ngomkhiqizo omnye okanye ukwandisa amandla empembelelo ngenxa yezinto ezihlukileyo zemifanekiso ngamnye.

Iphaneli yobumba

Inkundla yeevenkile enye okanye ezimbini zokubhengeza, ukulinganisa kwangaphambili, ubukhulu becala - 1.2 ukuya kwi-1.8 mitha, ukufakwa kwezakhiwo ezinkulu kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kuvunyelwene isivumelwano esongezelelweyo. Ingaba yintshintsho kunye nokukhanya ngaphandle kwayo, kuvunyelwe ukubeka iibhloko. Uyilo lwenziwe ngeprofayili ye-aluminium kunye nensimbi yentsimbi, ulwazi lusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa ifilimu yokubambelela okanye ibhanti. Amakhonkco asebenze ngokuphumelelayo anikezela ngeemfihlo ezilandelayo zentengiso yangaphandle yalolu hlobo, ezingabonakaliyo ngokukhawuleza:

• Umbono we-100% ngenxa yendawo kwindawo nganye yokuhamba;
• ukunxiba ukuxhatshazwa - akalahlekelwa yimbonakalo emanzini kunye nelanga, ekuqeshweni kukukhuseleka ngokuthembekileyo kumonakalo osebenzayo;
• ubude - intsimi yentengiso incinci, ngoko ke kuphela ulwazi olukhunjulwayo lufumaneka.

Ukufakwa kwendawo

Indlela eqaqambileyo neyobuchule yokukhetha ubukho bakho, yenziwa ngefomati yezithombe eziplaniweyo kunye nezentando, kunye nangaphandle kokukhanya. Iinkampani ezinomdla wokufakelwa kwephahla, ukuthengiswa kuyadingeka ngokukodwa imifanekiso, kuba sele beyaziwa kwiimarike kwaye abayidingi ukunqoba kwayo. Iindleko zezo zakhiwo ziyamangalisa, kuba akudingeki ukuba zenzeke, ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe imfuneko ukuhlalutya isiseko, ukubala umthwalo ovumelekileyo, kwaye ulungiselele ipakethe ephawulekayo yamaxwebhu.

Ukupapashwa kwiibhodi zebhilidi

Ikhusi elizimeleyo likuvumela ukuba ufake isikhangiso sakho ngobukhulu obukhulu, umgangatho ngowama-3 ngamitha 6. Ibhodi yebhengezo yokuqala ibonakala eMelika malunga neminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo, ngoko bekuyiintengiso eziqhelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo. Ngoku ezi ziyilo ezihlukeneyo kunye namacala ama-2 okanye amathathu ukuthengisa. Umfanekiso ungasetyenziselwa kwiphepha okanye ibhanti yebhanki, ezininzi iikhoksi zanamhlanje zibuyiselwa.

Ukukhangisa ngaphandle - ibhanki

Umzobo wokukhangisa umfanekiso oprintwe kwisithenti esikhethekileyo unokufakwa eludongeni lwesakhiwo. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-intanethi eqhubekayo okanye igridi isetyenzisiweyo, eqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kokukhanya. Ukukhangisa kwebhanki yangaphandle kusetyenziswa ukudala umfanekiso okanye ukutsala ingqalelo kwimveliso yenkampani. Uhlobo oluthile lubonakaliswe ngumbono we-laconic - akukho zixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezinzima. Intsimi enkulu yentengiso inceda ukwenza umyalezo ubonakale kunokwenzeka.