Wonke umyezo wezolimo kufuneka azi ukuba kutheni izihlahla ze-apula. Imithi kufuneka ivuselelwe ukuze idale imeko efanelekileyo yokuphuhliswa kwayo. Ukucoca isithsaba semithi ye-apula, ukuze kungaphakathi kwayo kungabi yinto yokuhlaziya umoya, kwaye kwakukho ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Kwakhona ukutyala kwenza ukubonakala komthi kukhangele kwaye kuyisusa kuma-parasites.
Indlela yokucoca kakuhle imithi yamapula?
Ubuchwephesha bokutyala izihlahla ze-apula kuxhomekeke ekuhanjisweni kwamasebe akhulayo, isantya sokuzala, iminyaka yobudala. Kubalulekile ukwazi ixesha le nkqubo, ukuze ungalonakalisi umthi, kodwa ukukunceda ukuba uhlakulele kakuhle, ukwenza isithsaba esihle, ukuphucula umgangatho weziqhamo, ukuphucula, ukukhupha imithwalo engaphezulu kwemagatsha angavelanga. Oku kulula ukuyifumana, ukugcina imithetho yokusika izihlahla ze-apula.
Nini ukukhawulela imithi yamapula?
Unonophelo olumgangatho wezityalo ngexesha elithile lonyaka linemiba yalo. Ixesha lokusika izihlahla ze-apula:
- Spring - ngasekupheleni kweKwindla - ekuqaleni kuka-Apreli, ngaphambi kokuba ihlumela iqale kwaye ihlumela elitsha likhule. Eli xesha liyakwamkeleka ngakumbi, kuba ukuphuma komthi kumthi akukaqalanga, kwaye kusekupheleni komjikelezo.
- Ihlobo - lwenziwa kulo lonke ixesha.
- Ukwindla - kucetywayo ukususela ekupheleni kukaOktobha ukuya kuNovemba ngelixa amahlamvu esele ewa emithini, kodwa akukaze kulindeleke ukuba kunciphise ngokweqile kwiqondo lokushisa.
- Ubusika bunokwenzeka ngoFebhuwari. Kunconywe kwimimandla esezantsi, apho iqondo lokushisa elibalulekileyo lingapheliyo.
Ukusika izihlahla zemipula
Ingundoqo yokwehliswa kwentwasahlobo yentsimi yanciphisa ukuphilisa amahlumela kunye namagxolo. Ngamanye amaxesha isityalo sidinga ukulungiswa kwesithsaba ukwenzela ukuba sihambelane kakhulu - isithsaba esifanelekileyo siza kuvumela umthi ukuba uphefumule ngakumbi kwaye uqiniseke ukuba ukungena kwelanga ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiqhamo. Ukulungisa izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo:
- Ukutyala imipula ye-apula entwasahlobo iqala ngokususwa kwawo onke amasebe aqingqiweyo kunye namaqabunga. Ukuba oku kungenziwanga, imbewu izakusebenzisa amandla ekuvuseleleni amasebe angenalusizo, kwaye iziqhamo ezinqabileyo aziyi kuba neziqhamo.
- Emva kokuphelisa zonke izihlumela zonyaka, kwisihlahla esivame ukuhluma i-nutrients kuphela.
- Amasebe asele anqunywe ngokuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yesityalo:
- Ngomnyaka wokuqala wobomi, onke amahlumela asuswe kwi-seedling, eshiya kuphela amahlumela e-skeletal, ancitshiswa ngu-2/3 ubude.
- Ngomnyaka wesibini, amasebe anamandla angama-3-5 asele kwi-apula. Amahlumela aphantsi kufuneka abe mude kunaphezulu, ngoko amahlumela aphezulu anqunywe yi-1/3 yobude. I-trunk ephakathi nayo iyanqunyulwa kancinci, kufuneka idlule isithsaba ngo-20-25 cm.
- Emva komnyaka wesithathu, umthi uhlotshiswe ngesithsaba. Amasebe akhula ngaphakathi, ahlangene nezihluma ezivelisa iziqhamo, apheliswa. Ukusika iziqhelo kwenziwa rhoqo kwiminyaka emibili. Kwimithi emidala, xa kuhlaziywa ukucwenga ukucwiliswa kucetyiswa ukuba kususwe ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yesabelo samasebe ngonyaka - kulahla amahlumela endala kunye angavelanga.
Isithsaba esifanelekileyo kufuneka sibe neengxenye ezintathu, isicwangciso sokwakheka kwawo entwasahlobo:
- Umzila wokuqala uqukethe iinkqubo ezintathu ze-squelet.
- Iyesibini yimingeni emine ebalulekileyo.
- Okwesithathu ngamasebe amabini angama-skeletal.
Ukutyunjwa kwehlobo lweemipula
Ngexesha lehlobo, ukucima izixhobo ze-apula ngokucoca, kuhloswe ukuphula izihluthulelo ezithintela ukungena kwomoya kunye nelanga zibe sisikrini selanga. Ngokwenene, oku kusebenza kummandla wayo omkhulu, ukuze kuphuculwe ukungena kokukhanya kwisiqhamo. Ukucwangciswa okunjalo kuza kuzisa umthi ukuvelisa iziqhamo nokukhusela kwiipasites. I-Apple izikhwebu ehlobo:
- Ukulungiswa kwesithsaba kwenziwa. Xa iinqununu zihlanganiswe ngamagqabi, iindawo apho u-shading oqulunqweyo kubonakala ngokubonakalayo - zicatshulwa.
- Kwixesha elifudumeleyo, amahlumela amancinci kunye namahlumela angaphezulu apheliswa.
- Amagatsha amancinci akhula ngokukhawuleza athatyathwa ekupheleni kukaJuni ukuya kumodareyitha amandla okukhula kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweziqhamo zeziqhamo.
Ukutsalwa kwekwindla kwemithi yamapula
Injongo yonyango emva kokuvelisa ukulungiselela umthi ubusika busika ngokukhupha amagatsha amadala kunye namagatsha asele. Inkqubo iyadingeka kwinqanaba lokujonga, ukuze kuhlaziywe isityalo, ukushiya ukukhusela. I-Apple izikhwebu ekwindla:
- Ukususwa kweentsimbi ezinkulu, eziqhekekileyo phantsi kwesisindo sesiqhamo. Kusadingeka ukuba ulahlekise imivimbo epholileyo kunye namasebe avuthiweyo.
- Isithsaba sidinga ukukhula nokhula ngaphandle kwamagatsha abuthathaka apheliswe, aqinile kwaye ahlale ehleli.
- Zonke iintsimbi ezikhulayo kwindawo engafanelekanga, okanye ngaphakathi kwisithsaba, zipheliswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukunyunjwa kwebusika kwemithi yamapula
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukusika izihlahla ze-apula ebusika yinkqubo emnene, ngelixa imithi iphumla. Kodwa kuvunyelwe kuphela kumzantsi, ukufudumala kwamanzi, ngenxa yokuba i-bark yesityalo ebandayo iya kuba yintlupheko kwaye ingonakaliswa kakhulu, kwaye amasebe-aphephe. Ukungabikho kwamahlamvu kuvumela umbono omhle womthi uze ubone zonke iingxaki. Ukusebenza kwebusika kuquka ukukhutshwa kwamasebe anqunywe ngumoya, ikhephu elimanzi, amagqabi anomileyo, aqina. Ukuyiqhuba isiluleko, xa ubushushu kwisitrato abuyehla phantsi kwe -10 ° C, ngoko imithi iya kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza inkqubo.
Izixhobo zokusika izihlahla ze-apula
Ukuba uceba ukutyala umthi we-apula, ukunyamekela imithi kungabandakanyi nje kuphela ukwazi ukuba yimaphi amahlumela okufuneka afutshane kunye nawaphi na okufuneka awenze. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi izixhobo zokusebenzisa, indlela yokuzisebenzisa kakuhle, ukuze amanxeba amancinci, indlela yokucwangcisa umthi emva kokunyanzeliswa, ukunciphisa ukulimala kwi-spill. Izicatshulwa kunye nezikrini zegadi zinciphisa okanye zinqumle amahlumela amancinci. Ubonwe-ithuluzi eliyimfuneko yokucwangcisa amakhophi amandulo. Yonke into kufuneka ihlambuluke, ibukhali, ukuze "ingasuleli" amanxeba.
Indlela yokwenza iinkcazo zeeaples emva kokucoca?
Ngokukhawuleza umthi uphinde wabuyiselwa emva kokusika iziqendu, amacandelo enqunqileyo aphethwe ngamacandelo akhethekileyo. Indlela yokugubungela amagatsha emva kokusika i-apula:
- Ukukhusela izifo zefungal, onke amacandelo angakhuselekanga kunye nokulungiselelwa kweethusi: umxube we-lime kunye ne-sulfate yentsimbi ngokudibeneyo kwe-10: 1 okanye i-Abaga-peak (50 ml nganye nge-10 l yamanzi yongezwa nge-20 ml ye-antibiotic Fitolavin).
- Emva koko amanxeba anesisindo esingaphezulu kwe-2 cm ukutywina umonakalo ohlanganiswe ngopende lweoli, i-varnish-balm okanye igadi yegadi (i-rox, i-rosin kunye neoli kunomlinganiselo we-2: 1: 1). Ngenxa yoko, umthi womthi wezityalo awuyi kuphuma kwiinkalo.
Emva kokudubula umthi we-apula, amaninzi amaninzi - yintoni oyenzayo?
Ukuba kukho amahlumela amaninzi kwi-apple tree emva kokusika, kungcono ukwenza i-prischipku. Yenziwa ehlobo, phakathi kuka-Agasti-amaqhekeza amatye awasuswa, awaphule afike kwisiseko. Ngenxa yokuba amahlumela awanakunqandwa, umthi uya kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukuphathwa, mhlawumbi kunyaka ozayo kuya kubakho kule mimandla ukucoca umthi we-apula uphuma. Kulo lonke ixesha, abahlali basehlobo bafumana iimfama kumafama, ukuze iinkqubo ezintsha zingabonakali. Ukucima ityala elingenasidingo kwisebe le "eyelet", umninimandla unceda umthi ukuba ungabhubhisi amandla ayo kunye neentshisi ezingenanto.