Xa izityalo zemifuno zingena kwisigaba sokukhula okunamandla, kukho umngcipheko wokuwa okanye ukuphuka isitshixo phantsi kobunzima bamaqabunga okanye iziqhamo. Ukuqonda indlela yokubopha utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, iingcebiso zeengcali ekukhethweni kwezixhobo zokulungisa kunye neendlela zokuxhasa ziya kunceda ukuqokelela ngokupheleleyo ukuvunwa okucebileyo.
Ngaba ndifuna ukubopha utamatisi?
Ngokufakela iziqu zetamatato kwixhaswa elizinzile, imfuneko ayihlali ihlala ikhona. Kukho iintlobo, iteknoloji yezolimo kunye neempawu ze-hybrid ezingabonakaliyo ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezixhasayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-garter ye-tomato kwindawo yokutshisa, ukuba ngaba ngamabakala anokukhula okulinganiselwe, akunamsebenzi. Ezi zitamatisi zikhula zibe ngama-40-50 cm ukuphakama kwaye zibe nesigxina esiqinile esingawa phantsi. Isizathu sezizathu zokuthi kutheni iitamatisi zidinga i-tie-ups ziquka:
- Ukuqhekeka kwe stem stem. Iintlobo ze-Ampel ziyakwazi ukusasazeka, ngenxa yeziphi iifama kunye neentyantyambo zihlala zidibana nomhlaba onomanzi. Ukumisa inkqubo yokubola kunye nokuthelela i-peduncles, isiqu sinamathele kwisixhobo esicacileyo okanye intambo elude.
- Isivuno esincinane. Njengokuba kungathandeki ukugcina ixesha, ukubopha utamatisi kwiindleko zokubamba ukunyuka kweendlela kunye nangenxa yefruiting eninzi. Ngaphandle koko, iziqhamo ezisebenzayo zezihlumela ezisisigxina, ezithatha ubunzima bezityalo zatamatato, ziya kuqala.
- Ukumiswa. Amandla okukhula angenamkhawulo akanakulawulwa ngenye indlela. I-garter yenziwa ukuze iindidi ezinokukhula kwe-2-2.5 m zingangeni kwi-3-4 m.
Ndifanele nini ukubopha utamatisi?
Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokunika ulwalathiso lokukhula kwetamatato lugqitywa ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. I-garter echanekileyo kwi-greenhouse ithatha ukuba ubuncinane amaqabunga angama-8-10 sele abonakale kwisityalo, kwaye ubunzima be-sigaba esezantsi kwisitshixo sifinyelela ubuncinane kwi-1 cm.
- Usuku lwama-35-40 iintsuku zokuqala zokuvuthwa;
- Iintsuku ezingama-50 ukuya kwi-60 ukwenzela iintlobo eziphakathi kokuvuthwa;
- Iintsuku ezingama-70-80 zeentlobo zokuvuthwa emva kwexesha.
Okukhethwa kukho ukulungiselela iitamatato
Ukukhawuleza kwi-garter kwenziwa ngenye yezicwangciso ezininzi ezikhoyo. Unokukhetha enye, uqwalasele izinto ezinjengommandla wasegadi, inani lezityalo kwisigca ngasinye kunye nobubanzi beentsika. Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokugada i-tomato ziza kuluhlu:
- Ukukhawuleza kwi-cone okanye kwi-prism. Xa iitamatato zihlwayelwe kwindlela yesetyhula, ifreyimu efakwe phakathi kwinqanaba kunye nezityalo ezine-4-5 zijonge kuyo ngexesha elifanayo.
- Horizontal trellis. Indlela ilungile kubaqalayo, kuba ivumela ukulawula ukukhula kwetamatato njengoko ikhula.
- Verllis. Iingcebiso kubagadi belimibuzo malunga nendlela yokubopha utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, kuvuma ukuba iintonga okanye iintambo zifuna iindleko zezemali ezingaphantsi kwaye ngoko ke ithemba elininzi.
I-Garter yamatamatisi amade kwi-greenhouse
Isitshixo esisisigxina se- tomato engapheliyo sinamandla kangangokuba isistim esisondezayo sidinga indawo eninzi kunye nokugqoka okuphezulu rhoqo. Iintlobo ezide zihlala ixesha elide kuneziqhamo xa zihlalisa phantsi kweengcambu, ngoko-ke abaxhasi begaraji akufanele baphazamise imilenze, ngaphandle koko iintambo okanye izingosi zentambo ziya kuqala ukubola xa zidibene kunye namanzi. Inkqubo yokutyhila indlela yokubopha ngokufanelekileyo utamatisi ibandakanya izigaba eziliqela:
- Ukukhululeka komhlaba ukuze uzalise i-oksijini kwaye uququzelele i-ramming yeerandi okanye iintonga.
- Ukufakwa kwiimida zombhede weentsimbi kwi-2.5-3 m ukuphakama.
- Namathisela iintambo kwiintsika uze ubophe iziqu zentyatyambo kuzo.
- Ukongeza iintambo ezintsha njengoko ihluma ityhula.
I-garter yamatamatisi aphakathi kwe-greenhouse
Iintlobo ezinokukhula okukhawulezayo kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu zizithobekile, ngokuphambene nobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo yokuphakama kwe-stem ephezulu ukuya kwi-1 m. Ubukhulu bee-Tomate ubude bufuna ukunakekelwa ngononophelo, ukwakheka kunye ne-garter kwinqaba. Isigqibo malunga nokubopha utamatisi kufuneka sithathe ingqalelo le miba yokulima utamatisi. Isikimu esona sodwa esilungileyo kulo mzekelo sinamathele adibeneyo, esilungisa amahlumela asisiseko sityalo.
Gadget Gadget
Uyilo lokulungisa i-tomato, njengomthetho, lwenziwa ngokuzimela. Kwiindawo zokugcina izitya zegadi, unokufumana izixhobo zayo, ezenziwe ngombonakalo ophezulu, ukhuni, isinyithi. Isixhobo sokugubha utamatisi kwisitrato sinokuquka izinto ezilandelayo:
- iwele;
- intambo eyenziwe nge-polyester;
- iimpahla ezenziwe ngeenkuni okanye eplastiki;
- amacongcelo okufumana i-trellis ebonakalayo;
- iintonga zensimbi.
I-twine yesitrato
I-twine isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imivini ye-ampel okanye utamatisi ongapheliyo kwi-trellis okanye i-wire mesh. Ukuze kungabi namathuba ama-2-3 ngonyaka ukugqiba indlela yokubopha utamatato kwi-greenhouse nge-twine, ukuba idibanisa okanye iphule, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha intshontsho okanye intambo yekoton. I-polypropylene twine iyahlukana, kwaye intambo yelinen ilinywe emvula, ebangela ukuba ihlathi kunye neetamatato liwele emhlabathini. I-garter yenziwa kwiqhina elinye kunye neemeko zokukhululeka kwe-stem, ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuhamba kweentshisi ukushiya kunye nokuvuna utamatisi.
Ingqungquthela yokugubha utamatisi
Iinqwelo ze-tomato zibophekile nazo ziboshwe kwi-trellis okanye kwiinqwelwana ezihamba ngaphantsi kwe-plafti ye-greenhouse. Ezinye iindlela zokugubungela i-tomato zingonakalisa isiqu, ngelixa i-loop esithambileyo isitshixo esisisiseko sityalo sihlala sikhululekile. Indlela yokudibanisa i-loop iquka ezi zigaba:
- Ukusika i-twine kwiinqununu ezingama-70-100 cm.
- Amabini abemi ecaleni kwesiqunto setamatato abanjwe ngophawu olulodwa kunye nokulindela ukuba ubude beengcambu zeentambo zihluke kakhulu kwiimpazamo ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuphela okufutshane kwepaji kuguqulwa phantsi kwesiseko selophu.
- Umngcipheko we-twine ulinxeba kwinqwelo, ukuqinisa i-knot.
I-Clothespins yokugada iitato
Abakhuseli emithonjeni okanye emagqabini okugada kuthiwa bafanelekile kubaqalayo. Zonke ezinye iindlela zetamatato ze-garter zifuna ubuncinane amava kunye nezixhobo zasegadi. Ngoncedo lweembotyi, iimpawu zetamatato zinokuqhotyoshelana phantse nayiphi na indawo:
- ngaphaya kwendawo yokuhlala;
- ukulenga kwilayili;
- emaphethelweni ajikelezayo;
- kumelwane, izityalo ezinqabileyo.
Iingcingo zeTweed zetamatatoes
Ngamava, abalimi beloli bazama ukufaka iintonga zeenkuni ukuxhasa iziqu. Ukungabikho kwabo kuthathwa njengokukhanya, ngenxa yokuba bazinzile, abakwazi ukuthwala ubunzima bezityalo kunye neentshukumo zomoya. Kungekudala, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubonakalisa uluvo malunga nendlela yokubopha itamatisi ngokufanelekileyo kwi-greenhouse ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuthembeka koyilo, ukukhanyela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise izigxobo zokhuni ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokukwazi ukulimaza iingcambu zetamatato. Izindonga zensimbi zokufakwa kwintsimi ziphantsi kwemithetho ethile:
- Ukusika imivalo kunye nokuqhawulwa kwe "hangnails" kwimida, ngokukodwa ukuba isisombululo ngesimo seqonkqo senziwe ngamacwecwe.
- Ukulungiselela isiseko sokufakelwa kweentonga. Ukuba umhlaba awukhululekile, kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngezandla okanye uxutywe neloam enzima.
- Ukukhethwa kobunzulu bokucwiliswa kwesakhiwo sokugqoka ehlabathini. Njengokuba kungenakunqweneleka ukubopha utamatisi kwi-hothouse ngokukhawuleza, kunyanzelekile ukuba ungcwatye phantsi komhlaba ubuncinane ubuncinane obungama-30-40 ngendonga.