I-anyanisi iyalinywa kwintsimi nganye yemifuno, kuba isetyenziswe kuzo zonke izitya. Ngako oko, ukuba ufuna ukutyala, ngoko kufuneka ufunde kwangaphambili ubunzima obunokufuneka ubhekane nalo mzekelo kunye nendlela yokulahla okanye ukuwaphepha. Kule nqaku, siza kujonga indlela izifo kunye neentlanzi ezichaphazeleka ngayo i-anyanisi (i- anyanisi , i-leeks, i-baton kunye nabanye), nendlela yokunyanga xa usulelekile.
Izifo zee-anyanisi kunye nonyango
Peronosporoz
Izifo eziqhelekileyo zezi-anyanisi zi-peronosporosis (i-downy mildew).
- Iimpawu: ukubonakala kweendawo ezikhanyayo kunye ne-plaque elimhlophe kwiimpawu kunye namacembe esi sityalo, oko kuba mnyama.
- Unyango: ungazifefa nge-sulfate yobhedu, i-chloride yobhedu, i-Bordeaux i-liquid okanye i-HOM, kodwa ke awukwazi ukuyidla. Kukulungele ukumba izityalo ezithelelekileyo kunye nokutshala abanye kwindawo entsha.
- Ukuthintela: Indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela le sifo kukutshisa i-anyanisi (imbewu okanye ukuhlwayelwa) kwiqondo lokushisa okungenani + 40 ° C, kwaye ukuphepha ukukhungulwa kwemifuno, ukuqhuba ukuthungca kwabo ngomthi womthi nokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezityalo zihlala emva kokuvuna.
Esi sifo sinokubamba ngisho ne-anyezi yangexesha elide-i-bat-bone, eyaziwa ngokuchasene nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
KaMoses
Esi sifo sentsholongwane sibonakala xa sikhula u-anyanisi . Ngenxa yentsholongwane, amaqela asephuzi avela kumaqabunga, kwaye ngokwawo ahlala esicaba, isityalo siphula kakhulu okanye siswele.
Awukwazi ukuphilisa umongo, unokukhusela kuphela esi sifo. Abathengisi bale ntsho longwane bazinambuzane kunye nama-apidi, ngoko-ke amanyathelo okukhusela ahlambalaza nge-insecticide ezibulala ezi zinambuzane.
Ukuguquka kwezantsi (fusariosis)
Ukuchaza lesi sifo kunokwenzeka kwimigqabi ephuzi kunye neomisiwe yamacembe, ukubola kweengcambu kunye ne-bulb ithambileyo yombhobho. Ukukuthintela, kufuneka usebenzise imveliso yokutya okunempilo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo uqoke iibhubhu emva kokuvuna kwaye uhambelane nayo yonke imithetho yokugcina.
Ukongezelela kwizifo eziluhlu, i-anyanisi ifumaneka:
- ukubola komlomo;
- isikhunta esimnyama;
- i-bacteriosis (ukubola kwebhaktheriya);
- ukugquma.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi kwi-anyanisi
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, kubangela ingozi enkulu ekuvuneni i-anyanisi, ngakumbi i-onion fly, i-onion moth kunye ne-stem nematode.
- I-anyanisi ibhabha - emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwezi nambuzane, ukumiswa kweengcebiso zamagqabi kunye nokubola kwe-bulb. Ngokukodwa kuyingozi kwi-anyanisi. Ukuba ufumanisa umkhondo wokuhlala kwakhe embhedeni, kufuneka uwathulule ngesisombululo setyuwa yetyuwa (250 amagremu ngalinye ngeelitha ezili-10 zamanzi) okanye ufefe ngothuli lwefodya okanye pepper. Ukumthusa, ungayifaka i-anyanisi yecuba okanye izaqathe.
- I-onion moth - ithinteka ngakumbi kwiintlobo zee-anyanisi ezikhulile ukuze zisetyenziswe njengemifino (iilki, ubhedu, i-shallots), ekubeni izibungu zayo zidla ngaphakathi kwintyatyambo yeentsiba. Njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela, kucetyiswa ukuba ufefe iibhedi ngothuli kunye nomsila wefodya kanye ngeveki okanye uwathambisa ngezisombululo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha indawo yokufika, ukucoca umquba,
kuqhube umhlaba kwaye utshabalalise ngokupheleleyo iinqaba zokutshala ekwindla. - I-stem nematode yintlanzi ehlala emhlabeni. Ukuze ugweme ukungcola nayo, kufuneka ukuphathwa kwento efanelekileyo yokutshala: ukufudumala iiyure ezili-12 kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-50 ° C okanye ungcolile ngamanzi eetyuwa kwiiyure ezingama-48. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ukujikelezwa kwezityalo, rhoqo ukukhawulela umhlaba wesayithi kunye nokuvuna izityalo zemifuno ezisuka kwimibhede.
Ukwazi oko, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, indlela yokulwa xa ukhula anyanisi, unokufumana isivuno esihle.