Indlela yokulima iteksi - ufuna ntoni ukufumana ukunambitheka okucebileyo?

Naluphi na umyezo wegadi ujonge indlela yokufumana isivuno esihle. Kwaye abantu abaqhelanisiweyo nendlela yokukhula icuba bangenza iimpazamo xa bekhetha indawo kwisayithi okanye ubude bokunkcenkceshela, okuya kuchaphazela kamva umgangatho wezinto ezibonakalayo.

Luhlobo luni lwecuba lokukhula?

Esi sityalo sinokuthi siphele okanye sonyaka. Kuyo yintsapho yeSolanaceae kwaye iyalinywa ukuze ikhuphe iimveliso ezimbi - amaqabunga omiswe kunye nomhlaba ukuba isetyenziswe ukuzalisa i-cigarettes kunye nemibhobho. Ngaphambi kokutyala kuyimfuneko yokwenza ukhetho, luhlobo luni lwecuba olungcono ukukhula, ukuqhubeka kwizinto zalo:

1. Ugwayi u rustic. Iqhelekileyo i-lekhorka, njengoko ibizwa kwakhona, ikhula ukuya kwi-120 cm kwaye iqukethe izikhathi ezingaphantsi kwe-nicotine kuneentlobo zeentombi. Ientyatyambo eziluhlaza zihamba nge-tube kunye ne-lobes ejikeleziweyo. Kwinqaba eliphakathi kunye naseningizimu, i-lekhorka iye yanyuswa ukususela ngekhulu le-19, ukusuka kwiintsuku zokuqala ezifudumele kude kube sekwindla. Iintlobo zolu hlobo - Ostrolist 316, Samsun 85, Turkish, Durman.
2. Ugwayi uyintombi. Kwakhona kuthiwa "ityhafi yangempela" (Nicotiana tabacum) ngenxa yokuba ukunambitheka kwayo kunamandla. Uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu olubonisa indlela yokukhula iintlobo zeentlokoma zolu hlobo zibhekwa njengezakhiwo zayo eziphezulu ze-thermophilic. Amahlumela aza kunika kuphela kwimimandla enefuthe eliphezulu okanye ihlobo elishisayo. Eli candelo liquka "iJaji entsha 142", "Trapezond 92", "Trapezond Kubanets" kunye ne "Pehlets".

Utywala icuba

Ikhulu le hektare lomhlaba linokuqokelela ukuya kwi-40 kg yeegayibhile izinto eziphathekayo, ngenxa yokuba umsi wentsholongwane udla i-8 kg ngonyaka. Ukutshala itekswa kunye nokunyamekela oko kwenziwa, ngokusekelwe kwindlela yokutyala. Kuye kwasungulwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba xa ityalwe ngokuthe ngqo emhlabathini, esi sityalo sinqande kakhulu ekukhuleni kwaye sivelise isivuno esingekho. Ngoko ke, ityhufu ihlwayelwe ngezityalo njengolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ugwayi ukwenzela ukuba izityalo zihlwayelwe ekuqaleni-phakathi kuka-Februwari ekhaya. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, imbewu ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ngosuku, apho ungongeza khona i-permanganate encinci ukuze uhlaziye i-disinfection imbewu.
2. Imbewu ihlamba amaxesha ama-2-3 kwaye yomiswa.
3. Umhlaba ukhululekile ngokukhululeka, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhule iteksi kuphela emhlabathini ogcwele i-oksijini.
4. Kwibhokisi okanye kwiipate zepeat 4-5 cm yomhlaba uthululwa, kodwa ubunzulu bokubhaptizwa kwembewu akufanele kudlule kwi-0.5 cm.
5. Emva kokutyala imbewu, bafafaza umhlaba kwaye banamanzi amaninzi. Ibhokisi ihlanganiswe nefilimu: amahlumela phantsi kwayo aya kubonakala kwiintsuku ezingama-6-10, kuxhomekeke kwindlupheko yomoya egumbini.
6. Xa kuyimfuneko, umhlaba uthululwa ukuze ufike kumacembe e-cotyledon, ngaphandle koko amahlumela aya kufa.

Isicwangciso sokutywala icuba

Ngomdla kwanoma yimuphi umthengisi - ukubeka indawo elula yokunisela, ukukhenkcela okanye ukutshintshela xa kuyimfuneko. Ukutshala iteksi kwindawo evulekile kwisayithi kufuneka kulungiswe zonke izinto ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuhlela amabhedlele:

1. Ukumiswa. AmaBanga kunye nokukhula okuncinci bangatyalwa kwiindawo zokugcina izithombo kwiibhokisi zepantshini kunye nezimbobo zokuhambisa amanzi. Olu khetho lufanelekile ukukhula ngexesha lokubanda, ukuba uceba ukuvuna kabini ngonyaka.
2. I-Horizontal. Ukubekwa kwendawo yokuhlala kwindawo evulekileyo akufanele kube nesimo setyhula, kuba ukutshala kwecuba kwi-flowerbeds kusebenzise kakubi indawo yomhlaba. Imiqolo echanekileyo ingahlukaniswa ngama-grooves ukulungiselela ukuthambisa.

Umgama wokutshala icuba

Inkqubo yokusabalalisa ihlumela emva kokukhula ikhethiweyo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba leliphi. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhule izityalo zefodya, kufuneka ukhethe umgama phakathi kweendonga, kuba zilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Ekwindla zihlanjululwa ngokucokisekileyo zokhula kwaye zifakelwe izithako ze-organic nge potassium kunye ne-magnesium. Amahlumela entwasahlobo afakwa emhlabathini kwelinye leentlobo ezimbini:

1. 70x100 cm. Lo mgangatho phakathi kwezityalo uthathwa njengento efanelekileyo kwiintlobo zeentombi ezibonakaliswa ngokukhula ngamandla. Unesistim esisisiseko esinamandla, esithintekayo kwi-sprawl, enokuthintela ngokunyusa umgama phakathi kwemigqa.
2. 50x30 cm. Iindidi ze-Tuber ziyi-deterministic, ngoko i-root compact system yanele 50 cm phakathi kwemiqolo kunye ne-30 cm phakathi kwezityalo.

Ixesha lokutywala iteksi ecocekileyo

Izithombo kufuneka zihanjiswe kwindawo evulekile ukuba kukho kakade amaqabunga angama-3-4 kwi-stem. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubudala bezityalo ngeli xesha ngama-40-45 iintsuku. Amaqabunga acuba ngogqabi angatholakala ngokudlulisela amahlumela emhlabathini kwiintsuku ezingama-30, njengoko kwenziwa kwimihlaba ethile yaseMelika. Ixesha elichanekileyo lokutywala iteksi kubalwa ngokuqwalasela ummandla wokukhula:

1. Emazantsi, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ikuvumela ukuba wenze ukutshintshwa kwangoko ngoMatshi 2-3. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesi sityalo akuyimfuneko.
2. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi, iteksi ihlwayelwe kwiimbewu emva koko ize idluliselwe kwindawo evulekileyo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi-ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli.
3. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, iteksi ingakhula kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo eziluhlaza, ukukhansela ixesha lokutshintshwa kwimihla ethile ngenxa yeemeko ezilinganisiweyo.

Iimeko zokukhula kwecuba

Ulwazi locwangciso lokutyala kunye nokunyamekelwa kwezityalo alukwanele ukufumana isivuno esipheleleyo. Impembelelo enkulu ekunakaleni kweqabunga inikwa ngumqathango wokukhula ngokususa amaqabunga agule kwaye afile, ukususwa kweentyatyambo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ingaba ngubani ongathanda ukutshaya iteksi kwindawo yendawo yommandla ongasemngceleni wendawo enomdaka ophantsi, kukho iimeko ezingenakuphikiswa:

1. Uthotho. Ukuba ukunkcenkceshela akwanele ngenxa yehlobo elomileyo, i-humidifiers okanye i-nebulazers ifakwe kwigadi. Abanikazi bezityalo, abanokuzithemba ngendlela yokutsala icuba, bachitha imali eninzi ekufakekeni kwezixhobo ezinjalo, ngelixa abalwazi abanamava abanakuze bacinge ukuba ukuhluma kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba iJicic kunye nephunga lamaqabunga.
2. Ulungiso lokukhula. I-Stephens kunye nemifuno kufuneka ikhutshwe, ukuze zonke ijezi zifike ekukhuleni kweqabunga. Ugwayi uqala ukuvuthwa ukusuka phantsi kwesityalo, ngoko unokukwazi ukusinda ngokukhawuleza ukuya kutsho ezintlanu zamagqabi. Ukuba ezinye zazo zonakaliswe, zisuswa ngexesha lokuvuna.

Iqondo lokushisa iteksi

Kwinqanaba ngalinye lokuhluma izityalo, ufuna i-temperate regime. Ehlabathini evulekile kunzima ukulawula ukusuka ngaphandle - umzekelo, ngexesha lokulima icuba (i-lekhorka) kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Ngoko ke abalimi bazama ukulungelelanisa ukutshintsha kweendalo zendalo ekuqwalaseleni ukuba:

• Izityalo kufuneka zihlonywe emva kokufakelwa kwe-20-22 ° C;
• ukuphuhliswa kwamagqabi amakhulu kuqala ngo-25-28 ° C;
• Ukuphela kokuphela xa izinga lokushisa lihla ukuya ku-15-18 ° C.

Ukukhula icuba kweli lizwe - umhlaba

E-Cuba naseMelika, umhlaba wokutyala izityalo awuzange uphathwe ngeetrekta, kuba nazo zihambelana nomhlaba. Xa utshaya lukhulile, isichumisi, ukuthambisa kunye nokuqokelela kwenziwa kuphela ngesandla ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo. Kwi-dacha unakho ukuphinda uyenze imimiselo efanayo ngokudala imigqa ephakamileyo ukuze unganyatheli phantsi komhlaba eduze kwezityalo ngelixa uhamba ngegadi. Ukunyamekela umhlaba unikezela ukuthotyelwa kwaloo mithetho:

1. Sebenzisa njenge-humus yonyaka wengqumbo yecuba kunye neengcambu ezishiye emva kokuvuna.
2. Lawula ngaphezu kweklorine emhlabeni. Ubungakanani balo buya kubonakala ngokukhwabanisa amaqabunga kumahlumela nangona basemthunzini. Ungayilahla ngokufaka isanti kwisiqalo esiphezulu somhlaba uze ukhulule.
3. Ukuqwalasela ubunzulu bokulima. Umhlaba wokutyala kufuneka uthathe ubuninzi bama-20-25 cm.

Ukunyamekela iteksi

Xa isithombo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-25 cm, siqala ukufuna isithunzi ukuze sinike iqabunga ingcamango enamandla kunye ne-flavour. Emva kokufika emhlabathini, ukunyamekela ukutshintshwa kwecuba ecocekileyo: kufuneka akhiphe isitshixo okanye indawo yokukhusela emabhedeni ukuze enze umthunzi kwiintsuku ezishisayo. Ukwenza ithembekile, kuyimfuneko ukugcina imiqathango ethile:

1. Kwiimida zombhede kufuneka kutywekwe iigwegwe ezi-4 zokulingana okwaneleyo ukujamelana nobukhulu bokuqhaqha isithwathwa esicacileyo okanye ifilimu.
2. Iigwegwe kufuneka zibhaptizwe ubuncinci be-5-7 cm ubuncinci, ngoko akudingeki ucinge malunga nendlela yokutshaya iteksi phantsi kwetente ewela rhoqo.
3. Qinisekisa "imilenze" ingongezwa ngoncedo lwamatye okanye igravel, ithululelwe emgodini wokufakela.
4. Kwiintonga, emva kokugqiba ezi zixhobo, ucezu lwengubo okanye ifilimu evulekileyo ilula ngaphezu kobukhulu besigxina.

Ukukhula icuba kwintsimi - ukuchelela

Ngokuphambene nento yokuba le nkcubeko ithanda ukuxiliswa kokunkcenkceshela kwinqanaba lokuhluma, lithanda ukukhula kunomhlaba kodwa lungekho mhlaba. Kubaluleke kakhulu indlela yokunkcenkceshela. I-jet yamanzi ilawulwa phantsi kweengcambu, iyayifaka kwaye iholele kwisifo ngefungus. Kuzo zonke iincwadi ezikhankanya indlela yokuhluma iteksi yokutshaya kwintsimi, kuboniswe ukuba kufuneka kusetshenziswe ngamanzi. Ukutshiza ngohlobo lwesitya esincinci esivela kwisibhamu sokutshiza senziwa ukuze amanzi afinyelele kwisiqu kunye namaqabunga.

Ukunyamekela izityalo zecuba - ukugqoka okuphezulu

Iingcambu zesityalo zinamandla kangangokuthi zidinga ukugqoka okuphezulu, ngoko yonke imizamo kufuneka ijoliswe ekuphuculeni ukuphuhliswa kwamaqabunga nokwandisa indawo yabo. Ukulima kunye nokutyalwa kwecuba kuhamba kunye nokutyiliswa kwezi zibophelelo ezilandelayo:

• i-phosphorus;
• i-ammonium nitrate ;
• ukuhlaselwa kweentaka;
• i-sulphate okanye i-potassium chloride.

Ukukhula icuba kweli lizwe - izifo kunye neentlanzi

Ukongeza kwezilonda zefungal eziqhelekileyo zezityalo ze-horticultural, kukho ezinye izingozi kwi-stem kunye namaqabunga. Ukuqonda indlela yokukhula kwecuba yeguba okanye ugwayi ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba sikwazi ukukhusela kwiipasites nezinye izifo ezihlobene. Phakathi kwabo, eyingozi kakhulu yile:

1. Ingcambu yomnyama. Ichaphazela izityalo ezincinci, ngenxa yokokuthi amahlumela aphilile kwaye aphelile, kunye neengcambu zeendawo ezibonakalayo ezimnyama.
2. Ibhondi yetamatato. Isifo sezityalo zentamatyambo sichaphaza ucuba: kwi-stem kubonakala iindandatho kunye neendlela zokufa ezicothayo.
3. Iingcambu ezomileyo zibolile. Wonke umyezo wegadi uyaqonda ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukukhula iteksi ukuba iingcambu zaso zome. I-dry dry wrinkles, iphazamise ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kunye nezondlo.
4. Umlenze omnyama. Esi sifo sithintela isiqu, senza sinyanzele kwaye siphephe. Isiseko sesityalo sijika esimnyama njengoko i-microorganism iqala phantsi kwegama elithi Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn.