Iingxaki emva kokugonywa

Ukugonywa kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukukhusela umntwana kwizifo ezinzulu njenge-hepatitis, isifo sofuba, i-poliomyelitis, i-rubella, ukukhwehlela, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus kunye ne-parotitis. Ngaphambi kokuba izitofu ziphuhliswe, ezi zifo zathatha ubomi babantwana abaninzi. Kodwa nangona umntwana engasindiswa, iingxaki ezifana nokukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, ukungabikho komntwana, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo ye-cardiovascular kwashiya abantwana abaninzi abakhubazekileyo ubomi. Ngenxa yeengxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kokugonywa, abazali abaninzi banqabile ukugoma abantwana, le ngxaki kwizonyango isabunzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingozi yezifo zezifo ziyakhula ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantwana abangakhuselekanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kukho inkcazelo enkwanthileyo malunga nemiphumo emibi emva kokugonywa. Abazali abanquma ukugonya imfuno yokuqonda ukuba zenziwa njani iintsholongwane kwaye zimele zithathwe ntoni.

Ukugonywa kukungena kumzimba wabantu ababuleweyo okanye ababuthathaka, okanye izinto ezi zivelisa. Okokuthi, i-agent engabandakanyekanga yeso sifo isetywe. Emva kokugonywa, umzimba uhlaselwa kwisifo esithile, kodwa awugula. Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba umntwana uya kuba buthathaka emva kokugonywa, umzimba uya kufuna inkxaso. Ukugonywa kukuxinzeleleka komzimba, ngoko ke kukho imimiselo enyanzelisayo ekufuneka ibonwe ngaphambi nangemva kokugonywa. Umgaqo obaluleke kakhulu - izitofu zenziwa kuphela kubantwana abaphilileyo. Xa kukho izifo ezingapheliyo, akufuneki ukuba ugonywe ngethuba lokuxhatshazwa. Kwezinye izifo, ubuncinci beeveki ezimbini emva kokuphulukana kufuneka kudlule, kwaye kuphela ke kunokwenzeka ukuba uphumelele ugonyo. Ukuze ugweme iingxaki emva kokugonya, ugqirha kufuneka ahlolisise umntwana - hlola umsebenzi weentliziyo kunye nezitho zokuphefumula, ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha malunga nokuphendula okuthe tye. Emva kokugonywa, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlale ubuncinane kwisigamu seyure phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yomntwana, ugqirha unokuncoma ukuba athathe ama-antihistamines kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2 phambi kokugonywa ukunciphisa ukuphendulwa komzimba. Iqondo lokushisa emva kokugonya kumntwana lingavuka ngokukhawuleza, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqale ukuthatha i-antipyretics phambi okanye emva koko emva kokugonywa. Oku kuyimfuneko ngakumbi ukuba izinga lokushisa emva kokugonya sele likhuliswe ngexesha lokugonywa kwangaphambili. Ukungakhuselekanga kwesi sifo kuphuhliswe kwiinyanga ezi-1-1,5, ngoko emva kokugonywa, impilo yomntwana ayifanele ibe yingozi, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela i-hypothermia, ukugcina ingcinezelo ngamavithamini. Iintsuku zokuqala 1-2 iintsuku emva kokugonywa kwengane ayinconywa ukuba ahlambe, ingakumbi ukuba ukukhulelwa kwakhe kuphelelwe amandla.

Ngasinye isitofu sinokuhamba kunye neenguqu ezithile kwiimeko zomntwana, ezijongwa njengesiqhelo kwaye zingasongela impilo, kodwa kunokubakho ubunzima bokuphila. Abazali kufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni imeko yomntwana emva kokugonywa kuthathwa njengesigqirha, kwaye apho kukho imfuneko yokufuna uncedo.

Isitofu sokukhusela i-hepatitis B senziwa ngosuku lokuqala emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Emva kokugonywa kwe-hepatitis, impendulo eyamkelekileyo yincinci kunye neentlungu kwi-site injection eqhubekayo kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2, ubuthathaka, ukwanda kwamanani okushisa, intloko. Xa kukho ezinye iinguqu kwiimeko, qhagamshelana nogqirha.

Isitofu sokulwa nesifo sofuba se-BCG senziwa ngomhla wesi-5-6 emva kokuzalwa. Ngethuba lokukhutshwa esibhedlele kukho iziganeko zokugonywa, kwaye emva kweenyanga ezi-1 ukuya ku-5 kwi-injection site kubonakala ukungena kwe-8 mm ububanzi. Emva koko, i-pustule efana ne-vial ibonakala, i-crust yenziwe. Nangona i-crust ingabikho, kuyimfuneko ukuyibukela, ukuze isifo singabanjwa, ngexesha lokuhlamba, akufanele uhlabe indawo yokugonywa. Kwiinyanga eziyi-3-4 ukugqithwa kudlula kwaye kuhlala kwinqaba encinane. Kumgqirha emva kokugonywa, i-BCG ifanele iphathwe xa kungekho mpendulo yendawo okanye ukuba ubomvu obunamandla okanye ukuxhaswa kuqhutywe nge-pustule.

Emva kokugonywa kwi-poliomyelitis, akufanele kubekho ukuphendula, kunye naluphi na utshintsho kwimeko yomntwana, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha.

Emva kokugonywa kwe-DTP (kwi-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-pertussis) iingxaki zidla rhoqo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, izakhi zokugonya ngamnye zisetyenziselwa ukuhlaziywa okulandelayo. Kukho ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuma-38.5 ° C, ukunyuka okuncane kwimeko. Le mpendulo ithatha iintsuku ezingama-4 ukuya ku-5 kwaye ayiyingozi kumntwana. Kwiimeko apho, emva kokugonywa kwe-DPT, ulusu luba lukhulu kwaye lufake kwi-site injection, iqondo lokushisa lingaphezu kwe-38.5 ° C, kwaye imeko ibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba udibane nodokotela. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokugonywa, i-lump yenziwe, ikakhulu ngenxa yokulawulwa kakubi kwesigontsho. Iimvumba ezinjalo zichitheka ngaphakathi kwenyanga, kodwa akuyi kuba yinto engafanelekanga ukuba ingcali ibonakale.

Xa ugonywe kwiimvumba (umva) emva kokugonywa, itywina elincinci lingavela. Iingqungquthela zengxowanxu zinokunyuka, iintlungu zesisu zisesigxina zingase zenzeke. Iqondo lokushisa emva kokugonywa kwamathambo alukhupheli kwaye lincinci.

Kwomntwana emva kokungena kwi-inoculation kwi-measles ngokungenakuthi kukho utshintsho lwemo. Esi sitofu silawulwa kanye kuphela kwiminyaka eyi-1. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, iimpawu zemasisi zingabonakala emva kweentsuku ezingama-6-14 emva kokugonywa. Iqondo lokushisa liphakama, impumlo ephazamisayo ibonakala, i-rashes encinane kwesikhumba ibonakala. Iimpawu ezinjalo ziphela phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-2-3. Ukuba umntwana emva kokugonywa uziva egula ixesha elide, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukubonisana nodokotela.

Emva kokugonywa kwe-tetanus , iimpendulo ze-anaphylactic ezisongela ubomi zingakhula. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphakama, iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba kufuneka zifunwe uncedo.

Emva kokugonywa kwe-rubella, iziphumo ezingasayi kubonwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokukho iimpawu ze-rubella emva kokugonywa, ukubonakala kwe-rash, ukwanda kwe-lymph nodes. Unokuba neempumlo, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane.

Xa ukugonywa kuvunyelwe kuphela indlela eya kumntwana ngamnye. Ngako-ke, kungcono ukuya kumaziko akhethekileyo okanye ugqirha wosapho owazi impilo yempilo kwaye angachazela abazali yonke imiba ye-vaccination kunye nokujonga imeko yomntwana emva kokugonywa. Indlela yokufundisa izakunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki emva kokugonywa, ngoko ke ukuba ngaba abazali banquma ukwenza ukugonywa, ke kuyimfuneko ukuba balungiselele ngokupheleleyo kwaye bathembele impilo yezingane zabo kuphela kubaqeqeshi abanolwazi.