Isibindi siyilungu ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womntu. Ingumngcipheko we-secretion wangaphandle, ojongene nokungathathi hlangothi kweekhemikhali zetyhefu, ukulungelelaniswa kwegazi, ukugaya kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ukuvutha kwesibindi sesibindi kuthiwa yi-hepatitis. Eli thuba lidibanisa iqela lezifo ezivela kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo.
I-Hepatitis - Iindidi
Ngokutsho kweklinikhi yekliniki, le ntsholongwane ihlelwa kwifom ephakade kwaye engapheliyo. Ngenjongo yokonyango olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukufumana ukuba yiyiphi i-hepatitis eyenziwa ngenxa yokuhlukana kwe-etiotropic (yintoni ebangela ukuba):
- usulelayo (i-virus);
- inetyhefu;
- ngokuzenzekelayo;
- ibhola.
I-hepatitis enobuchule
Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kwenzeka ngeempawu ezinzima ezibonakalayo kwiintsuku zokuqala. Ukwazi ukuba yintoni i-hepatitis kunye nendlela ebonakalisa ngayo, kulula ukuyifumanisa ifomu yayo kwaye uqale unyango. Olu hlobo lwesifo lunomdla olulungileyo kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi ziphela ekuphumeni, akunakwenzeka ukuba zifumane ikhosi.
I-hepatitis engapheliyo
Umfanekiso weklinikhi wenkqubo yokuvuvukala iyinto encinci, eso sifo siqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza. Abantu abaneenkcukacha ezingapheliyo ze-hepatitis ezikhoyo zibonakaliso kuphela. Ngaphandle kwonyango, isifo esiqhenqa siphumela ekuphuhliseni i-cirrhosis yesibindi. Le yimeko apho iiseli eziqhelekileyo ze-parenchyma zithatyathwa yinyama edibeneyo kwaye ilahlekelwe yimisebenzi yayo. Ngamanye amaxesha isifo sinzima kangangokuba kukho umhlaza wesibindi.
Izifo Ze-Hepatitis
Imvelaphi yokuvuvukala kuxhomekeke kwifom kunye nobume bentsholongwane. Kulula ukucacisa ukuba yintoni eyenza i-hepatitis echaphazelekayo eyenzayo-indlela yokusulela isifo ihambelana ne-agent agent (isifo, i-british, i-parasite). Kwezinye iimeko kunzima ukufumanisa isizathu esiyinyani sokugula, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ayichaphazeli irejimen yonyango.
I-hepatitis
Isi sifo siphambili kunye nesibini. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-viral hepatitis iyafumaneka. Iyakuchukumisa ama-pathogens afanayo. Ukwahlula kubandakanya ezo ntlobo zokugula:
- I-Hepatitis A (isifo sikaBotkin). Ukuvuvukala kubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-HAV. Idluliselwa ngendlela yomlomo, oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi anesifo kunye nokutya.
- I-hepatitis B. Isizathu sisifo seHBV. Basulelekile ngesondo, kwikhaya, endleleni. I-agent causative ifunyenwe kwiiprotheni ze-biological fluids-i-sperm, igazi, i-saliva kunye nabanye.
- I-Hepatitis C. I- HCV igqithisekayo kunye ne-biological fluids, isizathu esithile esisisiseko sokusuleleka sithathwa njengokuba unxibelelana negazi elisulelekileyo.
- I-hepatitis D. Izifo zihamba nefomu yesibini yokugula. Ukungena kwegciwane le-HDV kwenzeka ngokufanayo okanye emva kokusuleleka ngu-HBV. Indlela yokudluliselwa kwegazi iphuma ngegazi kunye neziphumo zayo.
- I-Hepatitis E. Olu hlobo lokuvuvukala lufana nesifo sikaBotkin , esichengeza ukuxilongwa. Intsholongwane idluliselwa ngendlela yomlomo.
- I-Hepatitis F. Iintlobo ezingaziwa kakuhle, ezaziwa ngeziphumo zophando kunye nedatha ye-epidemiological. Ngaphantsi kwelo hlobo lwesifo, ii-virus zenzelwe ukuphuhlisa emva kokusuleleka kwezinye iintlobo zesifo se-hepatitis kwaye zithunyelwa nge-fluological fluids.
- I-hepatitis G. I-agent causative inezinto ezininzi ezikhoyo. Igciwane le-HGV lingena emzimbeni ngegazi kunye ngesondo esingakhuselekanga, kodwa akukacaci ukuba luzimela ngokuzimeleyo inkqubo yokuvuvukala okanye inxulumene nesifo esihlukileyo.
- I-hepatitis yesiSekondari. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesibindi kunokuhamba kunye neentsholongwane ze- herpes , i-rubella, i-Lassa fever, i-mumps kunye nabanye.
Iifom zeBhakteria zikhula malunga nemvelaphi ye-syphilis ne- leptospirosis . Iintlobo ze-parasitic ze-hepatitis zibangelwa izifo ezinjalo:
- i-toxoplasmosis ;
- amebiasis;
- scytosomiasis;
- opisthorchiasis ;
- fascioliasis.
Inetyhefu ye-hepatitis
Ukulimala kwimizimba yesibindi kubakho ngenxa yesifo esinetyhefu. Ukuba awuyiqondi into eyenziwa yi-hepatitis kwaye isebenzise unyango olungenakulungeleka, iingxaki ezinobungozi zingakhula. Izizathu zokuvuvuka kwesibindi kwimeko apha zilandelayo:
- ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala;
- utywala;
- ukuthatha amayeza;
- ukuxiliswa kwamakhomikhali.
I-Hepatitis
Isifo esinqabileyo esenzeka kuphela kwifomu engapheliyo, esoloko ikhokelela kwi-cirrhosis eqhubekayo. Okwangoku akuzange kwenzeke ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuba kutheni i-hepatitis enjalo-ukuvutha kwesibindi kuqala ngaphandle kwezizathu ezicacileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo kubangelwa yimpembelelo yezinto ezingqongileyo ezingqongileyo kubantu abaneempawu ezithile zofuzo.
I-Radiation Hepatitis
Uhlobo oluthathwayo lokuvuvukala lufunyanwe kakhulu kwizigulane zomhlaza emva kokusebenzisa i-ionizing therapy. Abameli bezinye iifestile banalo-hepatitis - izizathu zokuqala ziquka:
- ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezivuthayo;
- izingozi kwizixhobo zamandla enyukliya;
- ukuvavanya usebenzisa i-radiation ionizing kunye nezinye izinto.
Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi - iimpawu
Umfanekiso wekliniki we-pathology kuxhomekeke kwimeko yesifundo sesi sifo. Ngefomu elimangalisayo, iimpawu zokuqala zesifo sofuba zifana nokusuleleka ngumkhuhlane:
- bushushu;
- ubuthathaka, ukunyaniseka, ukunganakwa;
- intloko;
- ukuphazamiseka kokutya;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- ukukhupha;
- ukunciphisa ukusebenza;
- isicefe
- unxaniwe.
Xa ufumanisa ukuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba yi-hepatitis-ukuvuvukala kwesibindi se-parrenchyma. Kancinci, iimpawu ezingentla zihlangene neempawu ezithile:
- kumnyama komchamo;
- i-jaundice yesikhumba, i-sclera kunye ne-membranes;
- ukucaciswa kwamathambo;
- ukulala okukhulu;
- ukuqheleka kobushushu bomzimba okanye ukunciphisa ukunyuka kwexabiso;
- ukungabi nxilweni, i- anorexia ;
- izifo ezibangelwa yi-dyspeptic.
Iimpawu ze-hepatitis ezingapheliyo zichazwe kangako, ngokuqhelekileyo isifo esichukumisayo asihambisani nanoma yimaphi iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kunokwenzeka ukukrokra iinkqubo zokuvuvukala kwisibindi ngokwemifanekiso yeklinikhi:
- ubuhlungu bexesha elifanelekileyo kwicala lokunene, ukuqinisa ngokuzikhandla ngokomzimba nokusebenzisa ukutya "okunzima", utywala;
- ukubomvu kwesikhumba ezintendeni ;
- i-yellowing ye-sclera;
- iziphazamiso zesitopu;
- ukuguquka;
- Iphunga elimnandi okanye intle emlonyeni;
- ukuphazamiseka kokutya;
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza okungafaneki;
- ukutyeba nokukhupha;
- ubushushu bomzimba obuphakanyisiweyo;
- izifo zokulala;
- ukukhathala;
- intloko;
- ngqondweni;
- ukwanda kwintsholongwane yesibindi.
Uhlalutyo lwe-hepatitis
Ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology evezwe kuqala kuviwo kunye nombuzo womntu, ukuchonga iimpawu ezibonakalisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala. Qinisekisa ukusola ukuxhaswa ngegazi lokuhlola i-hepatitis, kwimiphumo yokunyuswa kwe-bilirubin kunye ne-aminotransferases. Ukuba isibangela sesifo sisifo sengqindi, kukho i-agent engummangaliso kwi-biological fluid. Kwimeko yomsuka wokuzithobela egazini, izinga eliphezulu le-antibodies lizimisele:
- kwi-microsomes yesibindi;
- nuclear;
- ukuhambisa iiseli zesisu.
Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa, ugqirha uqokelela idatha kwizinto ezilandelayo:
- umsebenzi wobugcisa;
- qha ga mshelana neentloni kunye nezinye iimveliso zamakhemikhali;
- ukufumana izidakamizwa ze-hepatotoxic;
- iindlela zokonyango kwezifo ze-oncological;
- ukuchithwa kwimizila emisebe yelanga;
- ubukho bezobisi;
- ubunokwenzeka kunye nobuninzi bezonxibelelwano kunye nezixhobo zamanzi.
Unyango lwe-hepatitis
Ulwaphulo luphuhliswa ngugqirha onolwazi kwaye luxhomekeke kuhlobo lokugula. Kukho iindlela ezi-3 zokuphatha ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, ezisetyenziswa ngokufanayo:
- amalungiselelo ezemithi;
- ziyeza zonyango;
- ukutya okhethekileyo.
Ukulungiselela ukuvutha kwesibindi
Naluphina uhlobo lwe-hepatitis luhamba kunye nokukhululwa kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi, obutshaya umzimba kwaye luvimbele imisebenzi yokucoca i-glands yangaphandle kwemfihlo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, unyango lwe-detoxification luqale lwenziwe, lujoliswe ekuhlanjululeni igazi kunye neenkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokucoca umzimba. Intravenous (nge-dropper) isetyenziselwa isisombululo:
- i-glucose nge vithamini C;
- i-chloride ye-sodium ene-hepatoprotector (Glutargin okanye i-analogue);
- Rheosorbylact kunye neentetho.
Ukongezelela, iindlovu zokulawulwa komlomo zimiselwe:
- Atoxyl;
- Enterosgel ;
- Polysorb.
Ukumisa iipasim of muscle ephosakeleyo isebenzise iinqununu:
- Papaverine;
- Kodwa-Shpa;
- Drotaverine kunye neempawu.
Ukubuyisela iiseli ze-parenchyma yelungu elonakalisiweyo kwaye lijonge imisebenzi yalo, i-hepatoprotectors inceda:
- Essentiale;
- Heptral;
- Sowaldi;
- Karsil kunye neempawu.
Ulwaphulo olulindelekileyo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezibangele ukuvuvukala kwesibindi - unyango lunokubandakanya amayeza ahlukeneyo ahambelana nezifo ezinama-pathogen:
- untiviral (i-Interferon, i-Telaprevir kunye neentetho);
- ii-antibiotics (i-Doxycycline, i-Oxycycline kunye nabanye);
- antiparasitic (Praziquantel, Albendazole kunye nezinye);
- i-horticone ye-corticosteroid (i-Prednisolone, i-Methylprednisolone kunye neentetho).
Ukuphucula impilo kunye nokuququzelela imeko yesigulane, unyango olungumqondiso luyalelwe, olubandakanya:
- antipyretic mayeza;
- iivithamini;
- antiemetics;
- i-enzyme yokugaya kunye nezinye iziyobisi.
Iingcingo zesibindi sokuvuvukala
Isisombululo esona saziwa kakhulu yendalo yesifo se-hepatitis yintlambo yobisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwisidlo sayo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba uthathe ioli. Kunconywa umlenze wamanzi ukuba udle i-1 teaspoonful 5 amaxesha ngosuku, ngendlela ecocekileyo, uhlanjwe phantsi ngamanzi, okanye wongezwe kwizidlo ezilungiselelwe. Ioli yohlaza kufuneka ixilwe 5 ml ama-3-5 ngamaxesha kwisigamu seyure ngaphambi kokutya, kwiinyanga eziliqela.
Unyango lwe-hepatitis kunye namachiza omntu uquka ezinye iindlela zokupheka ezifanelekileyo, ngakumbi ezo zineemveliso zeenyosi. Impumelelo yonyango evela kubusi (1 isipuni) kunye ne-pergie okanye impova (1 ithisipuni). Lo mxube unceda ukujamelana nokuxiliswa komzimba, onomphumo omuhle kwimpilo yonke kwaye ukhuthaza ukubuyisela ngokukhawuleza kwesibindi somsebenzi.
I-sorbent
Izithako :
- imbewu ye-oat - 1 iglasi;
- amanzi - 1 litre.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Phala i-oats ehlambulukileyo ngamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa.
- Ukunyanzelisa iiyure ezili-12.
- Nika isisombululo kwisibilisa.
- Pheka enye imizuzu engama-30 kwishushu esiphantsi kakhulu phantsi kwesimbozo esivinyiweyo.
- Gquba umkhiqizo ngendwangu eninzi kwaye ushiye elinye iiyure eziyi-12.
- Nciphisa iyeza.
- Phuza i-0.5 indebe yomhluzi isithuba seyure ngaphambi kokutya, amaxesha amathathu ngosuku.
Ukutya kunye nokuvutha kwesibindi
Ulwaphulo lwezifo ezichazweyo lubandakanya ukulungiswa kokutya okufunekayo ukukhutshwa kwesibindi. Isiseko sokutya kukuqonda okokuthi i-hepatitis - inkqubo yokuvuvukala kwisigxina se-secretion yangaphandle, ephula umsebenzi wayo nemisebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, yonke imveliso eyenza umthwalo kwisibindi ayifakiwe kwimenyu:
- iimveliso ezenziwe ngebhotela kunye ne-puff pastry;
- isonka esitsha nesonka;
- amabakala anamafutha enyama, intlanzi, iinkukhu;
- ngemveliso;
- iimveliso zokutshaya;
- caviar;
- ukutya okusemgangathweni;
- ukukhethwa;
- sausages;
- marinades;
- maqanda;
- mafutha ezilwanyana;
- imifuno edala ukuvumba emathunjini (igalikhi, isithombo, iklabishi, i-sorrel nabanye);
- amakhowe;
- iibhonti;
- Iisobho ngeentsholongwane ezingenagqityiweyo kunye nosanhlamvu;
- zonke iziqholo;
- ityuwa (kakhulu kuncinci);
- iziqhamo eziqinileyo neziqinileyo;
- amajikijolo kunye namaqhekeza;
- iilekese;
- ngamanqatha, umsila omuncu;
- ubisi;
- ukhilimu;
- iibhokhwe ezibukhali;
- izityalo ezikhanyayo;
- macaroni;
- ipargri, i-millet, ibhali, ibhali;
- icocoa;
- utywala;
- ikhofi;
- iziphuzo ezibhakabhaka kunye nezibandayo.
Yintoni ongayidla ngesibindi sesibindi:
- isonka esimhlophe sangoozolo, ii-biscuits;
- inyama ephilileyo, intlanzi, iinkukhu kuphela ngendlela yokutya inyama;
- iprotheni omelet;
- Ubisi obuncinci obuninzi kunye nemveliso yobisi yobumuncu;
- ioli yemifino kunye nebhotela (encinci);
- Ubisi (ngamanzi kwisilinganiselo se-1: 1) i-porridge ye-mucous;
- isobho;
- iifuno ezitshisiweyo, ezityiweyo okanye ezitshiweyo, eziqingqiweyo;
- izithelo ezivuthiweyo nezimnandi, iziqhamo;
- jelly;
- i-marshmallow;
- kissel;
- i pastille;
- umhluzi we-dogrose;
- uzvar;
- itiye nobisi kunye nemon;
- iziqhamo ezimnandi, iberry, i-tomato juices;
- namanzi.
Ukuthintela i-hepatitis
Ukulumkisa izifo ezihlolwe ngokulula, ukuba zihambelane neminye imithetho. Ukwazi okokusuleleka kwe-hepatitis, kubalulekile ukuthobela imigangatho yokucoceka, ukuphepha izenzo zesondo ezingakhuselekanga. Kubalulekile ukuhlolisisa ubuchule bezinto ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene noqhagamshelwano kunye ne-biological fluids. Impendulo yombuzo, ingaba inokwenzeka ukubamba i-hepatitis ngexesha lokugcoba umzimba, tattoo kunye neenkqubo ezifanayo, zithandekile, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa okunjalo akunakwenziwa kwiindawo ezingaqinisekanga. Ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo ze-pathology pathology zikhona izitofu ezifanelekileyo.