Uxinzelelo lwe-arterial kubantwana - itafile ngokudala kunye nemithetho yokulungisa ukuphambuka

Emzimbeni womntu, igazi lijikeleza isangqa - ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kwizitho zangaphakathi nasemva. I-Arterial ingcinezelo eyenziwa yi-biological fluid ezindongeni zeempahla zokuhamba ngokuthe ngqo. Kubantwana bancinci kunabantu abadala. Oku kubangelwa kukukhanya kwe-lumen kunye ne-elasticity yeendonga zemithambo yegazi, inethiwekhi enkulu ye-capillary.

Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kubantwana

Qinisekisa ukuba isibonakaliso esibhekisiwe kubalulekile kwimeko yokuzola, umntwana akafanele abe neentloni. Ukuba wayengesabi, ungayifaka inkqubo njengomdlalo. Uxinzelelo lwe-arterial kubantwana lubalwa ngokusebenzisa i-tonometric standard okanye ye-elektroniki ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:

1. Ixesha elifanelekileyo liyakusasa, kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokunyanzelisa umntwana ukuba aphumle.
2. Ukuba i-crumb ifuna ukufumana isidlo sasemini, kungcono ukuyeka iprogram, kwaye uyenze iyure emva kokutya.
3. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kubantwana, kufuneka usebenzise izitya ezikhethekileyo. Ububanzi obuphakanyisiweyo buxhomekeke kwiminyaka yobudala. Iintsana - 3 cm, abantwana abaneminyaka elilodwa - 5 cm, abantwana abasenkulisa - 8 cm.
4. Umgca ophantsi we-cuff ngu-1.5-3 cm ngaphezu kwe-ulnar fossa.
5. Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1.5-2 yobudala bayacetyiswa ukuba batshintshe uxinzelelo kwisimo se-supine. Ukuba umntwana usekhulile, unokumcela ukuba ahlale ethule.
6. Esikhatsini senkomfa kunye nesandla, umnwe womntu omdala makafanele ngokukhululeka.
7. Umxube we-elbow kufanele ulungiswe kancane, ukwenzela ukuba umda wepaleni ufumaneka kwinqanaba lentliziyo.
8. I-phonendoscope ifakwe phantsi komgca ongezantsi. I-membrane yayo kufuneka ibekwe kwi-ulnar fossa.
9. Kubalulekile ukujoza umoya kwi-cuff ukuya kumgangatho we-60-90 mm Hg. de ukuvakala kwe-pulsation.
10. Emva kokupompa, i-valve yepeyari kufuneka ifuthe kancane. Umoya kufuneka uphume kancane.
11. Ukuvela kwezibonda zokuqala ezivakalayo kubonisa izinga eliphezulu loxinzelelo lobungqingili, kunye neetoni zamagqabi okugqibela - kumda ophantsi.
12. Imilinganiselo ephindaphindiweyo yenziwa emva kwemizuzu eyi-10-15.
13. Chaza i-indicator echazweyo inconywa imihla ngemihla ngokulandelana, ngokukhetha amanani aphantsi kakhulu njengeyokugqibela.
14. Ukuthelekisa, kufuneka ufunde uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kubantwana - itafile ngeminyaka iqulethe idatha ephakathi, ngoko ukuphambuka kungaphakathi kwe-10 mm Hg. Ubugcisa. kuthathwa njengamkelekileyo.
15. Ukuba awukwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimelela ngetoniyometer, kungcono ukuthenga ifowuni okanye ukudibana neziko lempilo.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Arterial kuyinto evamile kubantwana abaneminyaka

Ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwesalathisi kubonwa ngonyaka wokuqala wobomi bomntwana. Ekuqaleni isiqhelo soxinzelelo lwengcinezelo kubantwana sinye efanayo kwizesini zombini. Emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kutsho kwe-9, iparameter iya phezulu kubafana, emva koko iphinda yenziwe. Ngokweminyaka, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwabantwana lukhula rhoqo. Oku kungenxa yokunciphisa i-lumen yeempahla kunye nokunciphisa ukunyaniseka kweendonga zabo.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Diastolic luqhelekileyo ngeminyaka

Ixabiso elichaziweyo libizwa ngokuba lixabiso eliphantsi okanye eliphantsi. Ubonisa ukuxhatshazwa kweenqanawa zomhlaba kwaye ubonakalisa ubunzulu bexinzelelo lwegazi ngexesha lokuphumla kwentliziyo yesisu. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo kubantwana liyodwa ipharamitha, kodwa kukho kukho imilinganiselo. Zixhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ngexesha lokuqhawuka kwentliziyo (systole). Inkqubo ekhethekileyo yenzelwe ukubala i-diastolic yomsinga wegazi kubantwana-i-table ye minyaka ihlanganiswe ngokwezi fomula zilandelayo:

• ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-12 - 2 / 3-1 / 2 yeengcinezelo ze-systolic;
• emva konyaka - 60 + inani leminyaka epheleleyo.

Uxinzelelo lwe-Systolic -

Le parameter ibonisa amandla okuhamba kwegazi ngexesha loxinzelelo lwentliziyo yesisu kunye nokuxoshwa kwe-biological fluid kwiinqanawa. Ixabiso luni na uhlobo loxinzelelo lwegazi kubantwana luxhomekeke kwiminyaka yabo kunye nomgaqo-siseko womzimba. Ukongeza kwesi sibonakaliso sichaphazela isimo somzimba kunye nesimo sengqondo somntwana, ukutya, izifo eziza kuzalwa kunye nexesha lemihla. Uxinzelelo lwe-systolic ephakathi kubantwana lubalwa ngokusebenzisa iifomula ezilandelayo:

• iintsana - 76 + kabini inani leenyanga zobomi;
• emva komnyaka - iminyaka engama-90, wanda nge-2.

Iimiselo zengcinezelo yobomi kubantwana - itafile

Ukuze ungathathi ixesha ngexesha lokubala rhoqo kwaye ungadityaniswa kumanani athatywayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lamkelekileyo. Indlela efanelekileyo yokuthelekisa ukusetyenziswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye neqhelekileyo kubantwana itafile. Ibonisa imida encinci kunye nemigangatho emininzi yeparameter ebekwe ngqalelo ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-0 ukuya kwe-15. Akukho zizathu zokubandezeleka, ukuba ngaphakathi kwazo uxinzelelo lwegazi kubantwana lubakho - itafile ngaminyaka ibhalwe ngezansi. Kunqweneleka ukuyigcina okanye ukuyiprinta.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kwintsana

Imeko echazwe kuthiwa yi-hypotension okanye i-hypotension. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kubantwana alufanekanga phantsi kwefuthe lezinto zangaphandle kwaye luzinzileyo. Ingxaki isimo esilungeleyo, esithintela ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo ye-nervous and endocrine, ibangela umgangatho wobomi bomntwana.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kubantwana lubangela

I-hypotension yexesha elifutshane ivela kwiintsana eziphilileyo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye lunokwenzeka ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• ixesha langaphambili;
• Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu;
• isondlo sangoku;
• ukukhathala.

Kubalulekile ukuthobela ingqalelo kwezinye iimeko ezichaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi kubantwana - idayibhile yobudala ayifuni ingqalelo ngomzimba womntwana, indlela yakhe yokuphila kunye nesimo sendawo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi kwiintsholongwane ezincinci ziphantsi kweendlela eziqhelekileyo ezivunyelweyo. I-hypotonia iyabonakala xa ivumelanisa entsha, ngokukodwa ukuphakama kwezulu okanye i-tropical, isimo sezulu, ukuhlala kwiindawo eziphantsi kwengcinezelo yemozulu. Ukuxilongwa kwemvelo kudla ngokufumaneka kwiimbaleki zomntwana emva kokuqeqesha okunzulu.

Ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwengqondo kubangelwa kwezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• ukuhamba okuphantsi;
• intrauterine pathologies;
• izifo zokuphefumula rhoqo;
• zengqondo, ingxinano yengqondo;
• isifo esingapheliyo sokuvuvukala;
• Imodi engalunganga yosuku;
• ngophaya;
• ukuzalwa;
• isifo se-thyroid;
• isifo sikashukela ;
• ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
• ukungabikho kwamavithamini;
• ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
• iimpendulo ezithintekayo;
• myocarditis nabanye.

Iimpawu, iimpawu zengcinezelo yegazi ephantsi

Umfanekiso wekliniki uhambelana neminyaka yabantwana. Kunzima ukubona ukubonakaliswa kwangaphambili kwe-hypotension kwiintsana. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi komntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi konyaka unempawu ezilandelayo:

• ukulila;
• unyawo olumanzi nolushushu, iintende;
• ukukhathala ngokukhawuleza;
• kulala;
• ngxamele.

Iimpawu ze-hypotension ekukhuliseni abantwana:

• ukuguquka kwemizwa rhoqo;
• ukungcola;
• ubuthathaka emzimbeni;
• ukungakhathaleli;
• nomsindo;
• ukukhupha ;
• ubomvu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuxuba kwesikhumba;
• intloko;
• ukuvakalelwa kwintliziyo;
• ingxolo ezindlebeni;
• ukungabonakali;
• ukuphelelwa amandla .

Umntwana unescinezelo segazi esiphantsi - kufuneka ndiyenze ntoni?

Ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-hypotension kuya kunceda itekleti yendalo kunye ne-tea emnyama kunye noshukela. Kukho neyeza zonyango ezinganciphisa ukwanda kwengcinezelo yegazi kubantwana - unyango ngemali esekelwe ku-Eleutherococcus, i-Ginseng kunye ne-Chinese magnolia imidiya ende, kodwa isebenzayo. Ezinye iintsana zidinga amanye amayeza anamandla aphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi. Zigqityiwe kuphela ngugqirha, ngoko ke ngokuzinza okubalulekileyo kubalulekile ukubonisa umntwana kwiingcali.

Ekhaya, kwakhona, utshintsho oluncinci lwexinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi - yintoni enokuyenza ekhaya:

1. Ncedisa umntwana ukuba aphuhlise kwaye agcine ulawulo olulungileyo lomhla.
2. Ukulinganisela ukutya, ucebise imenyu ngamavithamini nakumaminerali.
3. Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo, ukunyamekela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
4. Nciphisa ixesha elichithwe phambi kweTV kunye nekhompyutha, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokulala.
5. Ukufundisa umntwana ukuba ahluke nomphefumlo .
6. Gwema ukungquzulana kwintsapho.
7. Ukunika ixesha lokwenza umsebenzi. Ukubhukuda okubalulekileyo, ukudansa, ukugibela ihashe.

Uxinzelelo oluninzi kubantwana

Uxinzelelo lwexinzelelo okanye uxinzelelo lwengqondo luqhelekile ekukhuleni. Ukunyamezela kwengcinezelo yegazi kumntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-12 ayinqabileyo kwaye ibonisa ukwephulwa okukhulu emzimbeni. Ukuba uhlala uhlakulela iimpawu zengcinezelo yomsongo, kufuneka uthathe umntwana wakho kwangoko ugqirha. Ngaphandle kolwaphulo olwaneleyo, le ntsholongwane ibangela iingxaki eziyingozi.

Ukuphakama kwengcinezelo yegazi - kubangela

Into ephambili ebangela ukuba le ngqungquthela ihlengahlengiso lwe-hormone. Ngethuba lokusasaza , ukunyuswa kwe-adrenaline kunye ne-aldosterone kwanda, okubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kubantwana abaselula - itheyibhile ngeminyaka ibonisa ngokucacileyo le nkqubo. Kususela kwiminyaka eyi-12 ukuya kwe-15 isibonakaliso esiphephayo sikhulu kunamaqela amancinci. Enye imbangela yokuphila yomshukela ophezulu yitshintsho kwinkqubo yokujikeleza. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda ngenxa yokunciphisa i-lumen yeempahla kunye nobukhulu bomnatha we-capillary.

Iziganeko zezilwanyana ezibangelwa yingozi yengozi yengqondo kubantwana:

• isifo sesifo;
• iingxaki ze-endocrine;
• utyhefu;
• umonakalo kwengqondo;
• ukuphazamiseka kweetoni;
• isifo senhliziyo.

Ukuphakanyiswa kwegazi - iimpawu

Umfanekiso wekliniki wexinzelelo lweengcinezelo kubantwana kuxhomekeke kubuqili bawo kunye nezizathu. Ukuphakanyiswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kumntwana - iimpawu:

• intlungu entliziyweni, entloko;
• ukucaphuka;
• ukukhathala;
• ukutshiza rhoqo;
• ukuphefumula okufutshane;
• ukulibaziseka ekuphuculeni ngokomzimba;
• ukwandisa;
• ukungcola;
• ukuwohloka kombono;
• unxaniwe;
• iziphazamiso zesitopu;
• ukuvuthwa rhoqo, ngakumbi ebusuku;
• kulala;
• Ulambile kakhulu ngaphandle kokufumana ubunzima;
• ukukhupha;
• ukuthuthumela kwezandla;
• intsimbi;
• isicefe
• ukwanda kweenwele kwimizimba kunye nabanye.

Kuthekani ukuba ndinegazi eliphezulu?

Xa uxinzelelo lwengcinezelo lwegazi kubantwana luhlala luphakamileyo kunamanani abonisiwe kwitheyibhile, kufuneka udibane nodokotela. Abazali abakwazi ukukhetha, kunokuba banciphise uxinzelelo kumntwana. Nokuba kusetyenziswe izilwanyana ezinobungozi obuninzi (i-validan ye-valerian, i-mint, i-motherwort) mazivunyelwane kunye neengcali. Amachiza amaninzi (uNifedipine, Andipal) anqunywe kuphela ngugqirha emva kovavanyo olupheleleyo. Ulwaphulo oluzimeleyo luphelelweyo kwiimilinganiselo eziqhelekileyo zokuzinzisa uxinzelelo lwegazi:

• ukutya okuphezulu;
• ukubambelela kwimihla ngemihla;
• ubuthongo obuhle;
• ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingokwenyama kunye nengqondo;
• ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo;
• umoya ococekileyo kwintsapho.