Umhlaza wesibeleko ngumhlaza oqhelekileyo. Ukungabikho kwezibonakaliso kumanqanaba okuqala kunzima kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology. Cinga ngesi sifo ngokubanzi, makhe sibone iimpawu eziphambili zomhlaza wesibeleko, izizathu kunye neendlela zokwelapha.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - izizathu ze
Ukuba isifo esinjengomhlaza wesibeleko sifunyenwe, isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwayo siyingxaki. Oogqirha baqala inkqubo ngokuqokelela i-anamnesis, ngaphandle kwezifo zenkqubo yokuzala ebeka phambili kwi-oncology. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhupha ukuphuhliswa komhlaza, i-oncologists ithi:
- Izifo zenyama: i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, i-chlamydia, i-herpes yomzimba;
- unyango lwexesha elide kunye nezidakamizwa ezine-hormone;
- ukusetyenziswa kwee-contraceptive ze-hormonal;
- ukulala ngokwesondo;
- Utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwiintsebenziswano zesini - lukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwizityalo zangasese, okubangele ukutshintsha kwinqanaba leselula;
- Iiprotheni eziyinxalenye yesidoda sesilisa zingenza ukuba utshintsho kwizakhiwo zeselula zomlomo wesibeleko.
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uyinkqubo yobungozi
Oogqirha bachaza iqela elijongene nobungozi - abafazi, abanesistim sokuzala esoloko bebonakaliswe kwiinkqubo ze-incological. Phakathi kwazo:
- Abaphathi bepillomavirus yabantu. Umhlaza wesibeleko kunye ne- HPV oncologists zihlala ziphathwa njengeenkqubo ezingenakulinganiswa. Utshintsho oluthile kwinqanaba lamaselula elibangelwa yilo gciwane luyisisombululo sokuphuhliswa komhlaza wesibeleko.
- Iimviwo ezidlulileyo. Ukungabikho kwe-cytology ye-smear kaninzi kubangelwa ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo. Oogqirha batusa ukuba bathathe kanye ngonyaka.
- Abasetyhini abanesistim sokuzivikela, banciphise umkhuhlane wengingqi. Ngaloo ndlela, amathuba okuphuhlisa i-oncology anyuke kwizigulane ezithatha izifo zogonyamelo.
- Abafazi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-40. Izifundo eziqhutywayo zandise ukwanda kweengcambu ze-oncology kuma-menopausal women. Utshintsho lwama-hormone ngokukhawuleza kweli xesha lingadibana nokuphazamiseka kwezicubu ze-epithelial entanyeni.
- Ubunzima bokuziphatha ngokwesini. Ubungakanani bonyango luyanda.
- Unabantwana abaningana abanomncinane weminyaka. Inkqubo yokuzala ifuna ixesha lokubuyela. Ingxakeko eyenzeka ngexesha lokubeletha yenza ukuba kufakelwe izifo kunye nokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo ezivuthayo ezinokubangela utshintsho kwi-cervix kumgangatho weselula.
ICerical Cancer - Iintlobo
Olu hlobo lwe-oncology lunezigaba eziliqela. Ngaloo nto ayikho nje kuphela uhlobo lomonakalo wesisu, izakhiwo zamaseli, kodwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo ye-pathological. Ngoko, ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwinqwelo, kukho:
- umhlaza wesahlulo sesisu somlomo wesibeleko;
- umhlaza wentsholongwane ngqo yomhlaza wesibeleko.
Ngokuxhomekeke kumhlobo wonakalo kwizakhiwo zamaselula, ezi zilandelayo ziyaziwa:
- I-Squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeleko. Olu hlobo lwe-pathology li-80% yazo zonke iimeko zomhlaza wesibeleko. Ngolu hlobo, iiseli ze-epithelial tissue ze-cervix zichaphazelekayo, ezitshintsha isakhiwo nesimo. Kule meko, bayanda ukwanda, kodwa musa ukugqithisa imida yentsimbi yentamo.
- Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Le ndlela yokukhubazeka ibonakala ngokusasazeka kwe-foci efana neyezinye izitho kunye nezicubu. Ingaba yimizimba yegazi (ngegazi) kwaye i-lymphogenous (nge-lymph). Okokuqala, i-lymph nodes ezikuloo ndawo zichaphazelekayo. Njengoko eso sifo siqhubeka, isifo sisasazeka ngegazi, sihlasela izitho ezikude kunye neenkqubo.
Iyakwamkelwa ukunikezela izigaba ezi-2 zesifo sokugqibela:
- Umhlaza we-microinvasive - utshintsho lweeselingi lusekwe kumda we-epithelium kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelwano. I-Metastase engena kwi-stroma ifumaneka kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-3 mm, akukho mveliso yeenqanawa ze-lymphatic;
- I-Invasive - i-tumor ingena kwiifomthi ukuya kwi-3 mm engaphezulu, iinqumlo zenziwe, ziqukethe iiseli ezonakalisiweyo, zikhona izilonda zendawo zendawo zendawo zendawo, i-metastase ezikude zenziwe.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - izigaba
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, udidi oluchazwe ngasentla, luqala ukuphuhliswa kwiiseli zoluhlobo oluthile lwezicubu. Ngexesha elifanayo, inkqubo iyaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza, iquka izitho ezingamakhelwane kunye nezicubu. Ngokuthe ngqo kwezi zizathu, izigaba zokukhubazeka zikwahluke. Ngamnye unomfanekiso wakhe wekliniki, uphawu lweempawu. Ingqikithi ngexesha lokugula, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezine.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - isigaba 1
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko se-1st degree ibonakaliswe ngokuqinileyo kwendawo, ineemida ezicacileyo zeendlela. Xa ukubonakalisa le nqanaba kwinkqubo yomhlaza, oogqirha bakhuluma ngezi zinto ezilandelayo zentlupheko:
- i-tumor ayihambi ngaphaya kwentamo;
- Izinguqulelo ze-cytological zibuthathaka kwaye zifunyaniswa kuphela nge-microscopically;
- I-Metastases ingangena kwisigxina somsele womlomo wesi-3-5 mm;
- ubungakanani besisu buphantsi kwe-4 cm.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - isigaba 2
Isigaba sesibini somhlaza wesibeleko sibonakala ngokukhutshwa kweeseli ezinobungozi ngaphaya kwemida yomlomo wesibeleko kunye nomzimba wesibeleko. Kule meko, izilonda zeenxalenye ze-pelvic kunye neengxenye ezingezantsi zesini azikho. Iiseli zezilwanyana zichaphazela ngokupheleleyo iiparitha. I-Metastases ingangena kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Ziyakufumanisa izixhobo zesebe, ezivumela ukucacisa inani, ubungakanani kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-foor foci.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - isigaba 3
Umhlaza we-cervix, isigaba sesithathu sibonakaliswe ngudumbu lwezitho zentsimbi encinci, iifowuni. Xa usasaza i-metastases kwezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo, ukusebenza kwazo kuphazamiseka. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-neoplasm ifumaneka kwiindonga zangaphandle ze-pelvis encinci, isithathu esezantsi kwesini. Ngovavanyo olunzulu lwezigulane, kukho ukuphulwa kwizintso, ukwehla kumsebenzi wabo.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - isigaba 4
Kule nqanaba kwinkqubo yesifo sengqondo yomhlaza wesibeleko, i-metastases ikhona kuzo zonke izitho zeplasvis encinci: isisu, amathumbu, ama-appendages. Umhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wesisu ukhula. Ngenkqubela phambili ye-pathology, inkqubo iya kutshintshela kwi-lymph node zesithili. Kanye kunye negazi, i-foci yeeseli ezitshintshileyo zingafikelela kwiinkqubo ezikude zomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuxilongwa, i-metastase ifunyanwa kwingqondo, kwimiphunga kunye nesibindi.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - iimpawu kunye neempawu
Ngenxa yesifo esinjengomdlavuza, njengomhlaza wesibeleko, iimpawu azikho ixesha elide. Oku kuchaza ukuxilongwa kwe-pathology, kaninzi nge-2 degrees of impairment. Ngokwezibalo, ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkqubo yokuqala kweempawu kunokuthatha iminyaka emininzi. Ukuba izigulane zinezifo zangasemva kwenkqubo yokuzala, iimpawu ze-symptomatology zibonakaliswe kwiintlungu ezisezantsi, ngaphantsi. Kule meko, ibhinqa liyakwazi ukuphawula ukukhulelwa kwamathambo, nokuba nomdla wegazi kunye nokungahambisani nokuya esikhathini. Imvelaphi yentsholongwane ibandakanya, isifo somhlaza, siquka:
- ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeleko ;
- leukoplakia ;
- iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentamo emva kokubeletha.
Ngokuphathelele iimpawu ezihamba nomhlaza wesibeleko, imbonakalo ekhoyo ikwahlukana ngokwemimiselo ibe yintloko kunye neyodwa. Iyokuqala:
- rhoqo utywala, ulusu olumhlophe, utyhafile;
- isikhumba esomileyo;
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- buthathaka;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- kuncipha ngokomzimba.
I-Symptomatology yesi sifo iyahluke, kwaye kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo weprogram ye-pathological. Kwiimpawu ezithile ze-oncology yomlomo wesibeleko, ngaba:
- Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi. Bangaba, njengonxibelelwano (emva kwesitifiketi sezesondo okanye isenzo), kunye nokungaqondi. Umthamo wabo ungahluka. Kwiimigangatho ezisekupheleni kwesi sifo, ngenxa yokufakela isifo, banokuvumba okumnandi.
- Ubuhlungu emva, kwisisu esisezantsi kunye nommandla we-lumbar.
- Ukuvuvukala kweenyawo ezingezantsi, ngenxa yomonakalo ngamathambo egazi.
- Ukuchithwa komsebenzi osisigxina - utshintsho kwimvelo yesigxina, ukwakheka kwe-fistula.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - ukuxilongwa
Isiseko semisebenzi yokuxilonga yindlela yokusebenza. Ukumisela kwesi sifo kuqala ngokuqokelela ngokucophelela i-anamnesis. Emva koko, iiprogram ezininzi ziqeshwe, phakathi kwazo:
- i-colposcopy - inceda ukucacisa imeko yeendonga zesigodlo sesisu, umlomo wesibeleko kunye nesilonda;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological yezinto eziphathekayo - isampuli yezinto eziphathekayo ithathwa emkhatsini wentamo yomsila kunye ne-microscopized;
- i-biopsy - uphando lwesakhiwo, i-morphology, isakhiwo seeseli ezithathwe entanyeni;
- uviwo lwe-hertological - lunceda ekufumaneni isigaba sokugula;
- I-ultrasound - inquma ubungakanani kunye nendawo yefomation, inombolo yabo.
Ngenxa yokugula njengomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, i-MRI isetyenziselwa ukufumana izicubu ezincinci. Oogqirha abanolwazi banokukwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo kwenkqubo, isigaba sayo kunye nesantya somonakalo kwizakhiwo zamaselula. Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu, isetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukufumana umfanekiso jikelele wesifo, xa i-oncology iqinisekiswa.
Ngaba unokubona i-ultrasound yomhlaza wesibeleko?
Umhlaza wesibeleko kwi-ultrasound kwizigaba zokuqala awukwazi ukuchongwa. Le nqubo iyenzeka kumgangatho weselula. Ngaphandle kokukhulisa okukhulu, awukwazi ukuyifaka. Le ndlela yophando lwe-hardware isetyenziswe kwinkqubo ye-oncological esele ifunyenwe. Ngoncedo lwakhe, unokumisela indawo efanelekileyo kunye nobukhulu bemfundo, ukuhlola izitho ezikufuphi ukuba kubekho i-metastases.
Ngaba umhlaza wesibeleko uphathwe okanye awuyi?
Ngesifo njengesifo somhlaza wesibeleko, unyango lukhethwe ngabanye. I-algorithm yenkqubo yokwelapha ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokugula, ubunzima beempawu, ubukho bezifo ezidibeneyo. Isiseko sonyango:
- ukungenelela;
- yonyango ;
- chemotherapy.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuze usebenze kakuhle, oogqirha basebenzisa udidi lweendlela ezininzi. Isiphumo sonyango sixhomekeke kwi:
- kwinqanaba le-oncology;
- ubudala somguli;
- ubukho bezifo ezixubileyo zenkqubo yokuzala.
Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko - ukuhlaziya
Iinkqubo ze-oncological kunzima ukunika unyango. Ngesifo esifana nesifo somhlaza wesibeleko, isilumkiso sokusinda senziwa ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba leprogram ye-pathological, i-state of the lymph nodes, umthamo we-tumor kunye nobunzulu beengxaki eziphazamisayo. Ngoko emva kwe-hysterectomy enkulu kunye ne-lymphadenectomy, umlinganiselo wokuphila wobomi iminyaka emi-5. Ngelo xesha, i-80-90% yezigulane zazingenayo i-lymph nodes ezichaphazelekayo. Phakathi kwezigulane ezineemitha ezithintekayo kwi-pelvis, kuphela ama-50-75% kwabesetyhini aphila ngaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu.
Umhlaza wesibeleko - ukhuselo
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukuqaliswa kwe-oncology kwinkqubo yokuzala kubandakanya ukugonywa nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho ethile. Ngaloo ndlela, inoculation ngokumelene nomhlaza wesibeleko inceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuphuhlisa eso sifo ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wegciwane le-papilloma, imbangela enkulu yomhlaza. Xa ugonywe, iziyobisi zisetyenziswa:
- Gardasil ;
- Cervarix.
Phakathi kwamanye amanyathelo okukhusela:
- Ukucwangcisa iimviwo zokuhlola iisetyhini, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-21-25;
- ngokuqhelekileyo iinkqubo zokuxilisa;
- ukubambelela kwelinye iqabane.
Ubomi emva komhlaza wesibeleko
Ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wesibeleko kunokwenzeka kuphela ukuba iziphakamiso kunye nokuqeshwa kwabagqirha kunye nokuqaliswa kweyeza kufikelelwe ngexesha. Abafazi abaninzi banokubuyela kwiindlela zabo zangaphambili zokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abacebisi ukukhulelwa kokukhula emva komhlaza wesibeleko. Ukutshintshwa kwe-hormonal eyenzekayo kule ngxaki kunokubangela ukuba kubuyiselwe kwakhona, ukuhlaziywa kweenguqulelo zentsholongwane kwizakhiwo zeselula ze-epithelium yomlomo wesibeleko.