I-cornea yeliso lomuntu liyinkqubo eluxakekileyo "ezintlanu". Imelelwe yi-epithelium, boumenovaya kunye ne-Descemetian membranes, i-stroma kunye ne-endothelium. I-Corneal ulcer ngumonakalo kwizinto ezinzulu zezicubu. Kwindawo echaphazelekayo inqabana (iva) ityunjwa.
I-Corneal ulcer ibangela
Ezi zinto zilandelayo zingenza ukuba kubonakale ukubonakala kwesi sifo:
- ukulimala kumatshini kwiso;
- umonakalo kwi-cornea ngeekhemikhali ezonakalisayo okanye ukutshisa kakhulu;
- isiphumo sokubhenca kwii-virus, ii-virus kunye nefungi;
- ukunyuka kwamehlo ebangelwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwamavithamini A kunye no-B okanye ingxaki yegazi;
- Ukusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo kwezidakamizwa ezichasayo kunye nezidakamizwa, eziveliswe ngendlela yehla.
Izilonda ze-Corneal zingabangelwa ukungafanelekanga ukugqithisa iilensi kunye neempazamo zokunakekela. Iindlela, zenzelwe ukuphucula umboniso, zingabangela izicubu ezinobunzima. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuya kuqala ukuhlambalaza okukhulu, okuza kuthi kube lula ukuba zibe izilonda. Imisebenzi yokuhlinzwa yangoku yakwandisa amathuba okuba le ngxaki ivela.
I-Corneal ulcer - iimpawu
Esi sifo sibonakala ngeempawu ezithile. Ngoko, isilonda kwiso sihambelana nezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso:
- ukuvakalelwa okubuhlungu ngenxa yokubonakala komkhuhlane kunye nokwanda kwenkqubela;
- ukungonakaliswa kombono ngenxa yokuba izicubu ezijikeleze indawo yokukhukhula kwamanzi zikhula;
- uphawu lwefotophobia kunye nokukhala ngokugqithiseleyo .
Isilonda se-corneal sahlula ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:
- Kwixesha le sifo , ifomu elibi okanye elingapheliyo.
- Ubunzulu besilonda bunzulu okanye bunzulu.
- Kwindawo yendawo - kwipheripha, kumbindi okanye kwi-paracentral.
- Ngenxa yeengcambu - ibhakteria, i-parasitic, ifungi okanye ayibangelwa izifo.
Izilwanyana ezilwanyana
Esi sifo sinokuba nezifo ezinjalo:
- pneumococcus;
- staphylococcus aureus;
- i-streptococcus nezinye iilorganisms.
Esi sifo sibonakala ngokuphuhliso olunzulu. Isilonda esinjalo se-corneal sinokungena ngaphakathi. Emva komda walo kukusasazeka kwesi sifo. Kukho omnye ukungena ngaphakathi, okwenzeka ngaphantsi. Le yindawo yokulungisa. Nantsi kukho inkqubo yokulahla izicubu kunye nokuphilisa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, iris kunye nesilonda esidalwa yi-creeping isicnea ingase ivele iphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kudla ngokugqithiseleyo ngameva.
Isilonda esisilungileyo sesilonda
I-keratitis enokuxhaphaka ihlala kwindawo yesibini-iyakwamukelwa kuphela ngezilonda zentsholongwane. Le sesilonda se-corneal ibonakala ngokukhawuleza kokuvuza nokuhamba. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kombono nokulahlekelwa kweso. Isilonda se-bacteria ye-cornea sinokubakho ukukhula okuhlukeneyo:
- ukulimala kwamathambo;
- i-conjunctivitis;
- izifo zeenkophe
- imisebenzi eyenziwa kwi-cornea;
- iilensi ezikhethiweyo ngokungavumelekanga njalonjalo.
Isilonda sesiphelo se-cornea
Yimpendulo evuthayo, engenayo isifo. Isilonda sesipilisi sibangelwa iibilisi zebhakteria. Ngokuqhelekileyo eso sifo sifumaneka kulabo banxiba ii-lens. Ingaba yinto engabonakaliyo, kodwa izigulana zikhalaza ngobomvu bamehlo kunye nokukhathazeka. Ukuzithobela ngokwawo bubuncinci ngobukhulu (ububanzi buhluka ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-10 mm). Ijikelezwe.
I-Corneal edge ulcer
Olu hlobo lwe-keratitis luyayiphendula kwinkqubo yokuvuvukala ephuma kwimida yeebhokhwe okanye ukukhahlela. Isilonda esinjalo sesilumko kumntu unezinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukubunjwa kwephuzu kungena ngaphakathi, okuza kudibanisa kwi-keratitis eyodwa.
- Ukuba ijwayili elingaphantsi alivali iso ngokufanelekileyo, i-cornea iyomile, iiseli azifumani ukondla okwaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, i-grayish filtrate ifom ephezulu.
I-Perforated corneal ulcer
Le fom yekeratitis inokuzikhethela kwayo. Isilonda saso iliso kumntu sondela kuwo onke amanqaku e-cornea. Ushiya emva kobushushu obuqhubekayo. Ukuba ukufumanisa ngokungapheliyo ingxaki okanye unyango olungagqibekanga kwiziko le-keratitis, kubonakala utywala obunzima. Isigulane, esinokukhubazeka okunjalo, ubuso obugqibeleleyo.
Unyango lwezilonda zesilonda
Ulwaphulo lwesifo esinjalo kufuneka lube nzima kwaye luqhutyelwe esibhedlele. Le khosi ihlala kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwe-5. Iyakubonisa unyango lwezilonda zamachiza, okufuneka ludibanise i-local, systemic kunye ne-physiotherapy. Ngenxa yokubambisana kwezenzo kunye neziqinisekiso eziphakamileyo zabasebenzi bezonyango, isigulane siyifumana ngokukhawuleza. Ulwaphulo lwengingqi lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- i-antibacterial instillation (Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin) kunye ne-anti-inflammatory (i-diclofenac sodium) kwi-conjunctiva;
- Ukulawulwa kwee-antibiotics (Lincomycin, Gentamicin);
- ukugxilwa kwe-glucocorticoids (dexamethasone);
- ukugxininisa kunye neziyobisi ezenza ukuba abafundi bahlaziye (Atropine);
- ukuqaliswa kweziyobisi ezikhuthaza ukuhlaziywa kwezicubu ezonakalisiweyo (i-Methyl ethylpyridinol neDexpanthenol).
Unyango olululo luquka ukuqeshwa kwamachiza alandelayo:
- izisombululo ze-detoxification (Dextrose + Ascorbic acid);
- izidakamizwa ezichasayo (i-Nimesulide);
- Ukulawulwa kwe-intramuscular antibiotics (cephalosporins okanye i-aminopenicillins);
- kunye nokuphulukiswa kakubi kwezilonda, izilwanyana ezinefuthe lokuvuselela zisetyenziswa;
- ukuba i-cornea iyahlutha, i-glucocorticoids isetyenziswa.
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa unyango lwezonyango lingenamandla, luya kuncedisa ukungenelela. Ngethuba le nkqubo, igumbi lesiso langaphambili lihlanjululwa. Amayeza ase-antimicrobial asetyenziselwa oku. I-keratoplasty yenziwa. Ngethuba le nkqubo, ukutshintshwa kwe-cornea eguqulwa ngokutsha kwenzelwa.
Iinkqubo zePhysiotherapeutic zimelelwe ngolu hlobo:
- i-electrophoresis kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-anti-virus kunye ne-antibacterial;
- magnetotherapy;
- i-ultraphonophoresis, ngeliphi i-enzyme (i-Lidase, i-Fibrinolysin) isetyenziselwa, ukuchithwa kwe-fibrin kunye negalelo kwiethambo ezibomvu zethenda;
- iilayiti zetrabacterial.
I-physiotherapy eyenziwa kunye neyokubuyisela. Phakathi kweendlela zayo zingabonakala ngokulandelelanayo:
- Ukuvuselela okunyanzelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-endocrine, okubangelwa kumanqanaba okwanda kwama-cortisol kunye namanye ama-hormone asebenzisa kakubi iinkqubo zomzimba emzimbeni.
- Iimpembelelo kwingingqi echaphazelekayo ngeempembelelo ezifutshane ezikhoyo zangoku.
Imiphumo yezilwanyana ezinobungozi bezilonda zesilonda
Ekunyangeni kwesi sifo, i-keratoplasty isetyenziswa. Oku kukutshintshwa kwezityalo ezonakalisiweyo. Le nqubo iyenziwa kwamehlo angaboniyo, xa unyango lwezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ulumzimba aluyikunika iziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Kulo msebenzi, umqala umxube kwaye utshintshwe ngeethambo ezibonakalayo. Ukuba amaphupha amhlophe ahlala ngaphandle kwendawo ye-trepanation, zixutywe nge-mascara ekhethekileyo. Le nkqubo ifana kakhulu ne tattoo.
IiSerum ekhatyweni kwezilonda, izidumbu zomoya
Xa uphatha le ngxaki, i-autologous agents usetyenziswa. Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zale serum kuyafana kakhulu nokukhupha amanzi. Nazi ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- i-epithelial growth factor;
- i-albin;
- into P;
- fibronectin;
- i-alpha-2 macroglobulin;
- i-insulin-like-growth factor-1 kunye njalo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvelisa iisumisi ezinjalo zokwelapha. Omnye wabo ubonelela ukongezwa kwee-antibiotics kumveliso weyeza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba i-serum igcinwe kakuhle. Iimitha ezinobungozi ziyabulala ezinye izakhi (enye yazo i-vitamin A). Gcina i-serum kwindawo emnyama, epholile. Ukuphumelela okuphezulu okuphulukisa ukuba le mpilisi inayo ivumela ukuba sigqibe ekubeni i-purulent corneal ulcer iya kupheliswa - unyango luya kudlula ngaphandle kweengxaki.