Emva kokuba i-malariya ibizwa ngokuba ngumkhuhlane we-swamp, kwaye ebudeni beminyaka emnyama yayibizwa ngokuthi "mala aria", elineNtaliyane ithetha umoya obi. Kwaye ke, kwaye ngoku esi sifo kuthathwa nzima kunzima, kuba ixhamli yegazi elibomvu.
Namhlanje, kumayeza, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifo, apho izibonakaliso zezifo zentsholongwane zixhomekeke kuyo.
Iintlobo ze-malaria
Uhlobo lwesifo se-malaria, ngokubhekiselele, luxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani owaba yi-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo. Phakathi kweentlobo zaso, kukho izinto eziyingozi kakhulu, zihlala zibulalayo, kwaye ezo ziphethwe ngempumelelo ngamachiza.
I-Malaria yeTropical - PL Falciparum. Ifom ye-malariya edla kakhulu, kaninzi isiphumo esibulalayo. Kwakhona yindlela eqhelekileyo yesifo.
Ifomu lemihla emine yi-agent causative ye-malaria iPlasmodium malariae. Isici saso sinobuhlungu obuya emva kweeyure ezingama-72.
I-malaria yeentsuku ezintathu i- Plasmodium vivax. Ukuhlaselwa kuphinda emva kweeyure ezingama-40.
I-Oval-malaria - iPlasmodium ovale. Ukuhlaselwa kuphinda rhoqo iiyure ezingama-48.
Umphathiswa weentlobo zonke ze-malariya ngumlumzane we-malaria, ohlala ikakhulu kwimimandla ye-Afrika, ngokuthe ngqo kumzantsi we-Sahara. Le ntsimi ilandele i-90% yamatyala enusulelo, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala banako ukuphakama okuphezulu ngenxa yokukhuseleka komzimba.
Nangona umlingo we-malaria uhlala phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zezulu (ngaphandle kweentlango, i-arctic ne-subarctic belts), livelisa ukusasazeka okukhulu kwe-malaria kwiindawo apho kungekho mafutha aphantsi, ekubeni ukushisa okuphantsi akukhuthazi ukuvelisa nokuhanjiswa kwesi sifo.
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zazimisela ukuba kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, izinga lokufa kwi-malaria liya kunyuka ngamaxesha amabini.
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-malariya
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-malaria, njengempawu zalo, kuxhomekeke kwi-pathogen:
- kwifom yeTropiki, ixesha lokuxubusha lisusela kwiintsuku ezingama-6 ukuya kwezi-16;
- ifom yeentsuku ezintathu, ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa livela kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-21, kodwa ngexesha elide lokuxubusha eli xesha landa kwiinyanga ezili-14;
- Ngomhlava weentsuku ezine, ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa lisuka kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6;
- Kwixesha le-incubation le-oval-malaria lihlala kwiintsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwezingama-21, kunye nexesha elide lokuxubusha lingaba ziinyanga ezili-14.
Izifo ezibangelwa yi-Malaria - Iziganeko eziqhelekileyo
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-malariya zibonakaliswa yi-chills, ezinokuthi zibe namazinga ahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kwindlela okhuseleyo ngayo umkhuhlane. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zangaphandle ze-malariya zi-cyanosis kunye nokupholisa iziphelo. I-pulse iyanda ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumula kuyaba nzima. Eli xesha lihlala malunga neyure, kodwa lingafikelela kwiiyure ezingama-3.
Ngethuba leentsuku zokuqala, imeko jikelele ibonakala ngakumbi - iqondo lokushisa liyakhula kuma-degrees angama-41, kwaye ihambisane ne:
- intloko ;
- ukuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- ukudideka kwengqondo;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ubuso obomvu.
Ukuhlaselwa kuphelile ngokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ukuya kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo okanye elincinci, kodwa ke kukho ukunyuka okunyukayo kufika kwiiyure ezingama-5.
Emva koko, umntu uya kulala. Ngokuqhelekileyo uhlaselo luhlala malunga neeyure ezili-10, kwaye luvela kwakhona emva kwexeshana, kuxhomekeke kwi-pathogen.
Phakathi kokuhlaselwa, isigulane sinokubuthathaka, nangona kusemgangathweni kweqondo lokushisa. Ngehlaselo ngalinye, umzimba uyancipha ngakumbi nangaphezulu.
Emva kokuhlaselwa kancinci, isikhumba sesigulane sifumana i-hue yomhlaba okanye ephuzi. Ngaphandle kokonyango, umntu unokufumana ama-12, kodwa emva kokuyeka kwabo kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, amathuba okuphindaphinda aphezulu kakhulu.
Izimpawu zesifo se-malaria, ngokuxhomekeka kwifom yayo:
Iimpawu zoMhlaza weMalariya. Le yindlela ebomeleleyo, kwaye okokuqala ibonakalisa njengentloko, isisonguluko, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo , kunye ne-fever prolonged-up to several days. Ukuphuka phakathi kweempawu ezincinci, kwaye ixesha le-fever linokufikelela kwiiyure ezingama-36.
Imiqondiso ye-malariya yeentsuku ezine. Le fom iqala ngokukhawuleza ngokuhlaselwa, izibonda zichazwe kakuhle. Iintshaba ziqala rhoqo iintsuku ezimbini kunye neentsuku ezimbini zokugqibela.
Iimpawu zentsholongwane yama-malariya emithathu. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-malariya yeentsuku ezintathu kuqala emini - ukushisa kuphakama kunye nokukhawuleza kubakho, kwaye kuphinda kwandiswe yonke imihla. Le yenye yeendlela ezilula kakhulu ze-malariya.
Izibonakaliso zentsholongwane ka-malariya. Le yindlela elula kakhulu ye-malaria. Ngoku ngoku, kufana nexesha leentsuku ezintathu, nangona lihluke kulolo hlaselo lwenzeka kusihlwa.