I-Echinococcosis, iimpawu zabantu kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sifo zibhekisela kwi-ofisi yesifo esichaphazelekayo ugqirha kunye nodokotela ogqirha. Esi sifo kunzima ukunyanga ngamayeza, ngoko unyango oluphambili lwenziwa ngophando, apho oogqirha bazama ukususa ama-cyst kunye ne-parasite.
I-ecinococcosis - yintoni ebantwini?
I-ecinococcosis ibhekisela kwizifo ezingaqhelekanga ezenzeka kwiindawo ezinemfuyo. I-agent causative yesi sifo yi-echinococcus-imbumbulu. Iphazamisa kwizilwanyana ezilwanyana. Izilwanyana zasemakhaya nakwizilwanyana zasendle, abantu banxibelelwano oluphakathi kunye kunye nalo mgca wezinto eziphilayo, kuba abafaki amaqanda ama-parasite kwindawo.
I-echinococcus ingafikelela kwi-9 mm ubude. Inokuphila okuphezulu: itshintshisa ubushushu ukusuka -30 ° C ukuya ku-30 ° C kwaye ikwazi ukuhlala iinyanga eziliqela emhlabeni. Umzimba we-parasite unama-suckers kunye neengwegwe, ngendlela oqhotyoshelwe ngayo ezindongeni zamathumbu. I-okinococcus inokutshatyalaliswa kuyo nayiphi na indima, kodwa ihlala ichaphazela imiphunga nesibindi. Umzimba ufumana ingozi enkulu kunye ne-echinococcosis kwi-cysts, ephazamisa umsebenzi welilungu kwaye ibangela iingxaki kumsebenzi wezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo zesebe. I-cyst ruptured ingakhokelela ekufeni komntu.
Bafumana njani suleleka nge-echinococcus?
Imikhosi eyintloko ye-echinococcus iimbande zezilwanyana zizilwanyana, kodwa inja, iikati kunye nezilwanyana zasemakhaya zingaphinde zithatheleleke ngeli gciwane. Isilwanyana esetyholwe sifihla amaqanda ezinambuzane kunye neendwangu emhlabathini, ukusuka apho ziza kwizityalo, imifuno kunye nemifuno. Usulelo lwe-echinococcosis lwenzeka kokubili kwimifuno engahlanjululwayo, kunye nokuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye nesilwanyana esetyholwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana bahlushwa yi-echinococcosis, ngenxa yokuba bahlala bedibana nezinja kunye neekati kwaye bayakhohlwa ukuhlamba izandla.
Ubomi beechinococcus
Umjikelo wophuhliso lwe-echinococcus uquka ezi zigaba:
- Isibungu singena emzimbeni. Emva kokuba i-parasite ifike kumgudu wesisu, iqala ukuchithwa phantsi kweempembelelo zentsholongwane zesisu. I-larva ebonakalayo ihamba emathunjini, ize ilandele igazi ngokwemzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo ihlala kwisibindi okanye kumaphaphu. Ezinye iimbali zeengxelo ezingekho ngaphezulu kwee-7 kwiimeko ezilikhulu.
- Ibhola leBhola. Kwiqumrhu lokugqibela, i-parasite iqalisa ukwenza i-echinococcus bladder, okanye i-cyst. I-cyst ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ingafaki ngaphezu kwe-1 mm ngenyanga. Kancinci, i-bubble iya kuba ibhola enkulu, icinezela ekupheleni kweentsholongwane kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ukukhula kwe-cyst kuhambelana nokuphindaphinda kwezibungu ngaphakathi.
Impembelelo ye-Pathogenic ye-echinococcus
I-larva ye-acinococcus kwinkqubo yobomi bayo ikhupha iimveliso ze-metabolism emzimbeni womntu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zinto kubangela ukuxhatshazwa komzimba kunye nokusebenza kakubi kwesibindi. Xa i-echinococcosis ikhula, iimpawu kumntu kunye nemeko yomzimba ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nokubunjwa kwama-cysts agxininisa kwizitho kunye neengxaki ekusebenzeni kwesibindi. Ukuqhekeka kwezilonda ze-cystic kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic nokufa.
Iicinococcus - iimpawu kubantu
Nangona umzimba uphuhlise i-echinococcosis kwiinyanga eziliqela, iimpawu kumntu onokungabonakali. Imiqondiso ye-echinococcosis ixhomekeka kwisigaba sesifo:
- Isingeniso sokuqala. Emva kokuba umntu one-echinococcosis yesifo, iimpawu zingabonakalisa kuphela emva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngeli xesha, i-larva ifumana indawo engunaphakade kwaye iqala ukukhula.
- Isigaba semiboniso yekliniki. Ngelo thuba, kubonakala ukuba kubonakala, kwaye umntu uqala ukuziva intlungu kwindawo yendawo ye-larva, ukunyaniseka, ukunciphisa intlanzi, isisulu somsanqa. Ngexesha, kunokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ku-37.5 ° C.
- Isigaba seengxaki. I-cyst ephukile ikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwe- peritonitis okanye i- pleurisy . Ukuxhaswa kwe-cyst kubangela ukubonakala komkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokuxilisa.
I-ecinococcosis yesibindi
Kwi-60-70% yamatyala, i-echinococcus isendaweni yesibindi. Kwiinyanga eziliqela kunye neminyaka isiguli asenokungazi malunga nobukho bepasitini emzimbeni. Ngethuba ixesha isigulane sifumaneka ukuba sinesibindi se-icinococcosis, iimpawu ziya kuthiwa. Phakathi kwemiqondiso yesifo kukuba:
- malaise jikelele;
- kunciphise ukutya, ubunzima;
- isicefe
- intlungu kunye nobunzima kwi-hypochondrium efanelekileyo nasesisu;
- utshintsho kwi-stool.
Ukuba awukhenxanga i-cyst kweli nqanaba, ukuxhaswa kwe-cyst kunokuqalisa. Ukubonakala kwe-abscess kubangela ukungonakaliswa kwezempilo jikelele, ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, intlungu ebindi. Ukucima i-bile duct ye-cyst kunokukhokelela ekuphuhliseni i- jaundice engumatshini . I-cyst ephuliweyo ngesibindi i-echinococcosis iqulethwe yindlela ephikisana ngayo, i-peritonitis kunye ne-anaphylactic shock. Ukusasazeka kwe-cyst ngomzimba kuholele ekuphuhliseni i-echinococcosis yesibini.
I-ecinococcosis yemiphunga
Xa ufunda i-echinococcosis, iimpawu kubantu kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sifo, oogqirha baqaphela ukuba ama-15 ukuya kuma-20% eengxaki zentsholongwane ye-parasitic zenzeka kwimiphunga. Olu hlobo lwesifo luyingozi kakhulu, kuba kunzima ukunyanga, lukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye lukhuni. Ukuhlaselwa kwemimbo kuqhelekileyo kumazwe anesimo sezulu eshushu kwaye ahlakulele ukuzaliswa kweenkomo. Nge-echinococcosis yomphunga, ama-cysts amaninzi anesakhiwo esisodwa esisodwa sinokubunjwa.
I-ecinococcosis yomphunga ingaba yiprayimari nesekondari, ikhula ngenxa yesifo esivela kwiziko eliphambili elichaphazelekayo yi-echinococcus. Ekubeni iimfucu zamaphaphu zinesakhiwo esiqhakamshelweyo, i-cyst kuyo ingahlakulela ibe nobukhulu obukhulu kwaye iqule iilitha ezili-2 zamanzi. Ukuba iimiphunga zakha i-echinococcus, iimpawu ziya kuba ngale ndlela:
- intlungu esifuba ;
- ukukhwehlela nge-sputum, eneemvini zegazi;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- izifo zokuphefumula, i- bronchospasm ;
- ukubetha, ukuhlambalaza;
- intloko, isicupunu.
Iingxaki ezivela kumaphaphu echinococcosis zisongela ubomi. Ukuxhaswa kwe-cyst kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-abscess yeli candelo. Ukuba i-cyst igxuma kwi-bronchi, isigulane siza kuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela ngokuxhatshazwa kunye ne-phlegm eninzi. Ukuqhutyelwa kwe-cyst kwisigxina sesigxina kuholela kwi-pleurisy kunye ne-pyopneumothorax, kunye ne-pericardium ukuya kwi-tamponade yentliziyo. I-cyst ephuliweyo ihlala ihamba kunye nomngcipheko we-anaphylactic shock.
I-ecinococcosis yengqondo
I-ecinococcosis yengqondo iyisifo esingavamile, esibalo malunga ne-3% yazo zonke iimeko zokusuleleka ngu-echinococcus. I-ecinococcosis yengqondo inokudibaniswa nesilonda se-parasitic yesibindi okanye imiphunga. Esi sifo sibonakalisa njengophuhliso lwe-cyst, elikuyo kwimiba emhlophe ye-frontal, i-occipital okanye i-lobeal lobes. Ama-cysts amaninzi anolu hlobo lwesifo awanqabile.
Ukuba umzimba uhlakulela i-ecinococcosis yengqondo, iimpawu zabantu zingenziwa ngale ndlela:
- intloko;
- ukungcola;
- epiprids;
- iingxaki nge-psyche;
- paresis;
- mbono o
- ukuphazamiseka kwamakhono okuqonda, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ichinococcosis yeentso
I-icinococcosis yeentso isendaweni yesikhombisa phakathi kwazo zonke iimeko zezilonda ze-echinococcal. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi zifo: i-cyst eyodwa kunye neklasi ezininzi, kodwa ifom yokuqala ikhula ngokuthe rhoqo. Ngokunyuka okunamandla kwi-cyst kunokunxibelelana namalungu angomakhelwane: isisu, isibindi, i-spleen, isithsaba. Ukuxhaswa kwe-cyst ye-parasitic kungakhokelela ekuphumeni nasekuphumeni kwezinto ezingenayo kwiintso, ezikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
Iimpawu ze-ecinococcosis yeentso zingabonakalisa iminyaka emininzi emva kokuba i-parasite ifike kwiqumrhu. Ukuba umzimba uhlakulela i-acinococcosis yeentso, iimpawu kubantu ziyakubonakala kuphela emva kokuqhakazika kwesikhupha okanye ngokunyuka okukhulu. Esi sifo singabonisa iimpawu ezinjalo:
- colic renal ;
- utshintsho kumchamo;
- buthathaka;
- iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa.
I-ecinococcosis yentliziyo
I-ecinococcosis yentliziyo ivela kwi-0.2-2% yabantu abachaphazelekayo yi-epicoccus parasite. Isibungu sifaka intliziyo yentliziyo ngegazi kwaye idla ngokuhlala kwindawo ekhohlo. Ukuphuhliswa kwe-cyst ngaphambi kokuqala kweempawu zesifo ebantwini kunokufikelela kwiminyaka emihlanu. I-ecinococcosis yentliziyo, iimpawu zazo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, zifumanisa ukuba kunzima. Ukukhula kwe-cyst kubangela isigulane ezinjalo iimpawu:
- ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo, tachycardia;
- intlungu kwintsimi yentliziyo kunye nomvakalelo wokuxubha esifubeni;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ukukhwehlela;
- i-cyanosis kwimida.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-echinococcosis
Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-echinococcosis kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokungabikho kwezibonakaliso kwisigaba sokuqala sosulelo kunye nokungabikho kwempawu ezithile. Xa uqokelela umlando wezonyango, ugqirha kufuneka acinge ukuba isigulane asihambelani nemfuyo, nokuba udibene nezilwanyana, kaninzi kangakanani esi sifo senzeke kuloo ndawo. Ukuqinisekisa okanye ukususa ukuxilongwa, iindlela zelabhoratri zisetyenziselwa: i-blood biochemistry, uhlalutyo lwe-urine, uvavanyo lwe-sputum, uvavanyo lwe-spyrus, kunye negazi nge-acinococcus (ukuphendulela kwe-serological), okufumanisa i-antibodies kwi-echinococcus.
Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uhlalutyo kwi-echinococcus luyakongezwa ngeendlela zokwenza izinto:
- I-Ultrasound yesigxina esiswini okanye iqumrhu elithile;
- CT okanye i-MRI yengqondo;
- isifuba X-ray kunye nesifuba CT;
- Echo, i-coronary, ECG;
- uhlalutyo lwe-duodenal fluid;
- biopsy yesibindi;
- i-angiography yesiqu se-celiac.
Echinococcosis - unyango
I-echinococcus parasite ingena kwaye iqhube ngaphakathi kwilungu, ngoko unyango lwe-echinococcosis lukhuni kwaye luhlala lubangela ukusuleleka. Kwiyeza, kukho iimeko xa i-eshinococcosis, iimpawu zomntu esi sifo ziyabhubha, i-cyst iyafa, kodwa oku kwenzeka kakhulu. Ngomzuzu kunendlela eyodwa efanelekileyo yokuphatha i-echinococcosis. Le nkqubo yonyango. Ulwaphulo lwe-Anthelmintic ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa lunganiki iziphumo eziyimfuneko, ngoko lusetyenziswa kuphela emva kokususwa kwe-cyst ye-parasitic.
Zonke iindlela zonyango lwe-echinococcosis, ngaphandle kocwangco olusetyenziswayo, aluyikungabaza kwaye aluqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi. Iyeza lonyango linikeza iindlela zalo zokulwa nama-parasite, kodwa iimpawu ezizodwa zokuphuhliswa kwezakhiwo ze-cystic kunye nesakhiwo sawo sinciphisa nayiphi na indlela yokwenza unyango olungapheliyo. Xa ukuchonga iicinococcus emzimbeni kufuneka ngokukhawuleza kuvumelane nokutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwegciwane elivela emzimbeni. Ngaphandle koko, unako ukulinda ukuphuka kwe-cyst, ekhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima kunye nokufa.
I-Echinococcosis - iingcebiso
I-echinococcus parasite ekuhambeni komsebenzi wayo obalulekileyo ibhubhisa umzimba ngokuvelisa imveliso. Oku kuchaphazela impilo yonke yesigulane kunye nomsebenzi wesibindi kunye nengqondo. Ngoko ke, emva kokususa i-parasite emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukubuyisela ilungu elichaphazelekayo kuphela, kodwa yonke inyama.
Emva kokuhlinzwa, kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele le mithetho:
- Isondlo kufuneka sibe ngokugcwele kunye nokulinganisela.
- Kubalulekile ukuthatha amachiza ekuphuculeni ukuhamba kwegazi kunye ne-central metabolism.
- Ukuzibandakanya kwisithethe sokwemvelo.
- Ukuhamba emoyeni omtsha.
- Thatha iziyobisi ezichasayo.
- Ziqaphele izilwanyana ukuze ungenwasuleleka kwiipasasites ezintsha.
- Qaphela ngokucophelela imigaqo yococeko lomntu.
Echinococcosis - iziyobisi
Izifo ze-ecinococcosis zibhekiselele kwizifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-parasitic. Kwi-echinococcus worm, amalungiselelo e-pharmacological kunye namayeza enyango yemveli ayisebenzi. Ulwaphulo lwe-Antiparasitic lwenziwa emva kokugqitywa kwe-cyst. Iquka ezo ziyobisi:
- Iindlela zokuphazamisa iinkqubo zokuphazamiseka kwezidalwa ezinambuzane : Albendazole, Mebendazol, Praziquantel.
- Iindlela ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwiipasisiti: i- Pirantel, i-Levamisol, iNichlosamide.
Echinococcus yintsebenzo
Ngethuba lokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ukususa i-cyst engaphezulu ukwenzela ukuba ingabonakali kwaye iziqulatho zayo azifaki kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngaphandle koko, ukuxilongwa kwangemva kokusasazeka kunye nokusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibhedlele kungenzeka. Xa kungekho ndlela yokukrazula yonke i-cyst, okanye kwiimeko xa ikhulile ibe yilungu, ukuxhamla kwendima eyenziwa. Izisayizi zobukhulu obukhulu, ezinzima ukuzisusa, ukusabalalisa emzimbeni, ukukhupha iziqulatho, zibaphathe ngezisombululo zokuxhatshazwayo kunye neengxaki zokulwa kunye ne-sparure.
Ukusebenza kwongenelelo olunyango kuxhomekeke kwinani lama-cysts e-parasitic, ubungakanani bawo, indawo, uxhumano namanye amalungu. Ubunzima ukususwa kwe-ecinococcus kwimbilini, kuba kulo mzekelo kungonakalisa izakhiwo zobuchopho. Ngamaphaphu amaningi echinococcus, oogqirha bazama ukususa loo ma-cysts afaka izicubu zelungu. Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ubomi bomntu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uyiphilise ngokupheleleyo.
Prophylaxis ye-echinococcosis
I-Ekinococcus umntu ufumene uvavanyo olunzulu kwaye unokubangela ukufa. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ungenakusuleleka kwesi sifo:
- Geza izandla phambi kokutya.
- Xa upheka, ushushu inyama.
- Yenza ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yokutyhawula izinja zasekhaya.
- Musa ukubetha izinja ezilahlekayo.
- Musa ukusela amanzi kumanzi angokwemvelo.