Ukulima kweemkukhamba - njani ukufumana isivuno esihle?

Uninzi lwabahlali behlobo ba kholelwa ukuba ukhukhuka okhulayo ngumsebenzi onzima, kodwa oku akunjalo. Ukuba ukhetha ngokufanelekileyo iintlobo, lungiselela izityalo, uhlume izihluma kwindawo ephumelelayo kwaye unakekele ngenyameko, kwaye ukuvunwa okuninzi kunikwa. Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemifuno eluhlaza kuyinto enobumba obunjani, kwisakhiwo samarada, ukulungiswa kunye nokulondolozwa.

Ukuhlakulela iikomkom kuluhlaza

Iimeko zokutsalwa kwe-Greenhouse zikulungele ukulima iikomkom. Kwizakhiwo ezibonakalayo kunye nokukhanya kwelanga kwimifuno, kulula ukwenza i-microclimate eyamkelekileyo. Indlela yokukhulisa iikomkom kwi-greenhouse - ilungiselelo lokutsalwa kwetreenhouse:

1. Isakhiwo kufuneka sigcinwe kukushisa okungenani + 13 ° C. Ewe, ukuba i-greenhouse iyashushu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlakulele imifuno yonyaka.
2. Njengesiqwenga, iplastiki ikhethwayo - ayiyikugquma kwaye ayiyi kubola.
3. Gubungela inkxaso ngeglasi, i-cellophane, i-polycarbonate-ziya kukuvumela ukuba uthathe imifuno yokushisa ilanga kwixabiso elifanelekileyo.
4. Umxube wehlabathi kulula ukuyilungisa ngamandla akhe - ekwindla ukusabalalisa phantsi kwesayithi amaqabunga aweleyo kunye neenaliti, eziza kubakho emva kwebusika.

Ibanga leikomkom for greenhouse

Ukukhula kwiindawo zokugcina izityambo zokukhusela rhoqo ziqala ngokukhetha kwebanga. Ukuze kuzaliswe i-greenhouse, i-subspecies iyadingeka, ngaphandle kwe-pollination ingaba sisiqhamo esipheleleyo. Ukuze ujabule ekuvuneni okutsha ebusika, iintlobo ezinokunyamezela ukuguquka kwamashishini zifunekayo. Kwiindawo zentwasahlobo kunye nehlobo, naluphi na uhlobo lwe-parthenocarpic (olungadingi ukuthambisa impepho). Iindidi ezidumeleyo zamakhukhamba, ukulima kunye nokunyamekelwa kwazo eziveliswa kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo:

• ICattoon - inikeza isivuno iintsuku ezingama-40;
• I-Barcelona - imifuno yokuvuthwa kwangaphambili;
• Inkalipho - ikhukhamba elongeziweyo, inika iziqhamo iintsuku ezingama-45;
• UBobrik - akayi kutya ukupholisa, yinto yokwamkela imifuno ebusika;
• I-Matrix - ingakumbi ngokuchasene nezifo;
• I-Schedrik - ngokukhawuleza ingoma, inikeza isivuno esihle, sisetyenziswe unyaka wonke.

Ndiyakutyala nini iikomkom?

Iteknoloji yokukhukhuka iikomkom kwi-greenhouse ibonisa iindlela ezimbini:

1. Imbewu yindlela yokusebenzisa abasebenzi, kodwa kukho ukuphakama okuphezulu kokufumana inqabileyo eninzi. Zifakwe ngo-Epreli okanye ngoMeyi, ngokuqala kokufudumala okuzinzile.
2. Imbewu - imbewu ehluma iyanamathela kwiipatiti ze-peat ngo-Ephreli. Ukutshala ngokufanelekileyo ekhaya okanye kwindawo yokushisa efudumele. Zihluma kwindlela ye-23-25 ​​° C iintsuku ezintathu. Emva kwemifuno 3-4 kwihlumela, kuthetha ukuba lixesha lokubahambisa emhlabathini. Oku kuveliswa ngomhla we-20 ukuya ku-23 ubomi bemihlambi-ngoMeyi 10-15.

Indlela yokuhlwaya iikomkom kwindawo yokutshisa?

Ukutshala imifuno kwi-greenhouse kuyindawo ebalulekileyo. Izihlandlo ezibalulekileyo zokulima:

1. Izithombo ezinomyinge wenkqubo azinqunywanga iintsuku eziliqela, umhlaba uvuvukile kwaye ugcwala ngamanzi, ulungiswe ngokubunjwa kwe-manganese.
2. I-Form crests kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-20 cm kunye nendlela ephakathi kwemigca ye-70 cm. Izibongo zenziwa ngamaxesha angama-30-35 cm.
3. Ngaphezulu kwemigca ihlelwe i-trellises yocingo, kuwo njengoko amasebe akhula.
4. Izithombo ezisuka kwiitanki zifakwe emgodini, umphezulu we-coma kufuneka uhlale kwi-1-2 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
5. Kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokutshala imbewu yekhukhamba: i-germinated pre-germinated on a gauze. Emva koko imbewu iyafakwa emngxeni, kwaye ayikho inhluma yethluma.

Umhlaba ngenxa yamakhukhamba

Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kubalulekile ukwazi indlela ekukhuliseni ngayo ukhukhamba kunye nokucebisa umhlaba:

1. Umbutho we-greenhouse uqala ekwindla. Susa i-residu-harvest residues kunye nomyinge womhlaba ukusuka phezulu ngo-4-5 cm.
2. Iifomfti zifakwe kwisayithi: enye imitha yemitha - umquba 25 kg, kunye ne-hydrated lime 200 g.
3. Umhlaba uphononwe.
4. Ngentwasahlobo, i-substrate iphinda ivuvuke ngezongezo zeemigodi:

• 30 amagremu e- nitmonium nitrate ;
• 20 g ye- sulfate ye potassium ;
• 30 g ye- superphosphate ;

Ungayinisela njani iikomkom kwi-greenhouse?

Ukuze ufumane isityalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane nendlela ephindaphindiweyo yokuhambisa amakhukhamba kwi-greenhouse. Umhlaba kufuneka uhlale unomanzi, ungabi manzi. Ngaphambi kweentyantyambo, iziganeko zokunisela ziqhutywa rhoqo kwiintsuku ezintlanu, ngoko-njalo-njalo olunye usuku. Amanzi okukhenkceza kufuneka afuthe, kungenjalo kukho umngcipheko wokufa kwabantu abaninzi. Amanzi ngomhlaba, kungekhona eziqongweni. Emva kokumisa, umhlaba ukhulula umncinci, ukuze ungaphazamisi inkqubo yeengcambu.

Iifomflethi kwiikomkom

Isityalo kwi-greenhouse yexesha elithile siphuculelwe kwiingcambu ezine. Ukongezwa kwamakhukhamba xa ukhula kwaye unakekela kwabo kwi-greenhouse:

1. Isichumisi sokuqala sikhiqizwa emva kokuba amahlumela anamaqabunga ama-3-4. Kwimizuzu elishumi yamanzi awakhula:

• 25 g ye-superphosphate;
• 15 g. I-sulphate okanye i-potassium chloride;
• 10 g ye-nitmonium nitrate;

Indlela yokukhulisa iikomkom egadi?

Imifuno ikhula ukhukhamba kwindawo efanelekileyo yesayithi, inkcubeko inikwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Lo msebenzi kufuneka uhanjiswe ngendlela epheleleyo. Iintlobo ezidumileyo zokukhula kwemifuno ziyiPhoenix, uMqhubi, u-Apreli, kunye neParis Gherkin. Ukuqokelela isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iikomkomi zikhulile kwaye ziphi iziqhamo zesityalo:

1. Esi sityalo sikhetha ukufudumala, kuyimfuneko ukuhlwayela kwibhede elifudumalayo, umgangatho ophezulu womhlaba kufuneka ube nokushisa okuzinzileyo ngo-13-15 ° C. Ukuhamba komhlaba kuqhutywe ukususela ekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuya phakathi koJuni.
2. Ikhukhamba-inkcubeko eneenkqubo zokumisa imisipha engathandabuzekiyo, iyakuthanda ukuphakama okukhulu. Umoya ococekileyo womhlaba unikezelwa ngeendleko zezityalo - predmestnikov: iklabishi, iipasisi, i-lettuce, iizambatho, iitamatisi. Ubhontshisi, izaqathe kunye ne-zucchini azivumelani, kuba zifumana izifo eziqhelekileyo ze-cucumber.
3. Kufanelekile ukuba ukwazi ukuba inkcubeko idinga iiyure ezili-10-12 zelanga, ikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, okanye kumthunzi omnyama. Ukuze ungalimazi iziqwenga zokutshisa okugqithiseleyo kwe-parasol, unokuwufihla loo ndawo ngezinto ze-polyethylene ekuphakameni kweemitha ezimbini-zibeke ngqo kwi-trellis apho izihlumela zichongiweyo.

Ungalima njani ukhukhamba kwindawo evulekile?

Ukuvunwa kuxhomekeke ekucebiseni umhlaba. Iqumba kwaye ihlume entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Emva koko imbewu ikulungele - oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwimihla engama-30 phambi kokuhamba kwabo kwindawo engunaphakade. Imbewu ifakwe kwi-gauze, idibanisa i-1% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate, supha. Emva kokucoca i-ash ash (isipuni esingu-1 ngeglasi yamanzi) kwaye ufake imbewu kwisisombululo kwiiyure eziyi-8. Emva kokuhlamba kwaye kufakwe efrijini ngomhla wokuqina.

Emva kwenkqubo enjalo, imbewu ifakwa kwi-gauze yokuhluma, ngaphandle kokulibala ukuba ihlale iququzelele. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba iingcambu ezimhlophe zengcambu zihlaywe - zingatsalwa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kukuphi umgama ukutshala iikomkom, ukuze ziphuhlise ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo omgangatho wokulima u 2-3 cm, ububanzi phakathi kweentsika zi-20 cm. Imbewu ifakwa emithonjeni, ifafazwe nge-substrate, kwaye iyancishiswa ngamanzi afudumele. Kungcono ukugubungela umbhede ne-polyethylene okokuqala ngqa.

Ukukhuphula izithombo zekhukhamba

Inqaku elithandekayo-ukulima kweemkukhamba ngokusebenzisa izityalo zikhawuleza ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo kwiiveki ezimbini. Ukubeka imbewu kwiibhodwe kucetywayo ngoMeyi ukutshala izityalo kwigadi ngoJuni 7-10. Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ekhaya kwizityalo:

1. Izimbiza zomntu ngamnye ezilingana no-8 cm zifanelekile kule nto, imbewu ayithandi ukudluliselwa, kufuneka ifakwe ngokukhawuleza kwisitya.
2. Imbewu ilungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo nokuhlwayela kwinqanaba elivulekileyo, lityalwe ebhodweni kunye neengcambu ezigxiliweyo phantsi kwe-2 cm ejulile, ehlanganiswe ngomhlaba;
3. Izithombo ezihlanganiswe ne-polyethylene, zifakwe kwindawo elula ngaphandle kwemida.
4. Amanzi ukushisa okuzungezile ngamanzi njengoko i-coma yomhlaba iyoma. Akukho kuvunyelwa ukuvumela ukuba kungabikho ukukhawuleza okanye ukumisa kwe-substrate.
5. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lembewu leentsuku ezingama-20-25. Kufuneka ibe namaqabunga ama-3-4.

Iibheka

Isichumisi sokuqala kwiklasi i-cow dung, isetyenziswe ekwindla ngesantya se-4-6 kg. kwi-sq.m. Ngentwasahlobo, emva kokuba umhlaba usomile, ugubungelwa ubunzulu be-15 cm, ngexesha elifanayo ungongeza i-humus, sawdust, peat. Kungcono ukukhuphula ukhukhamba:

1. Iprojekthi yokulima ephumelele kakhulu ithathwa njengibhedi ekuphakameni kwe-25 cm, ububanzi be-50 cm, phakathi kwabo kufuneka uhambe. Ukuba nomsila wendalo ngaphakathi, bazalisa isityalo kunye nezondlo eziyimfuneko, kunye neengcambu nge carbon dioxide.
2. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuhlakulela iikomkom kulungiswe kakuhle kwiibhedi, kulungiselelwe ukusuka kumzantsi ukuya ngasenyakatho - ngoko iiphakamileyo zikhanya ngakumbi.
3. Kwimiqolo, iisalathisi ezicwangcisiweyo zisekwe, apho amasebe aqala ukubopha, emva kokuba afinyelele ubude be-15-20 cm.

Zingaphi kangako ukuthambisa amakhokhamba?

Ukuphucula rhoqo isiqinisekiso sokuvuna okucebileyo, kuba iziqhamo zingama-95% amanzi. Indlela yokucoca iikomkom:

• Inkcubeko iyacetyiswa ukuba ihlanjwe ngokuhlwa okanye kusasa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushisa;
• ukukhupha amanzi, afudumele (22-25 ° C);
• Ukunisela kuqhutyelwa kwiimingxuma zomhlaba, ngaphandle kokufumana amanzi kumagqabi;
• Okokuqala unako ukuhluma isityalo rhoqo iintsuku ezimbini;
• emva kokuba iziqhamo ziqala ukuvuthwa, umntu kufuneka enze ukutyilisa kwansuku zonke, ngaphandle koko iikomkoni zingakwazi ukufumana inzondo, leyo leyo ayikwazi ukukhululeka;
• ukugcina umswakama, umhlaba unokuxutywa - utyaniwe ngotshani, i-hay, i-sawdust;
• Ngexesha lexesha, kunokwenzeka ukucebisa umhlaba 2-3 ngama-ammophos (10 g / m2) kunye ne-mullein ehlanjululwe.