Ukukhula kweerberberries - njani ukufumana isivuno esiphezulu?

Ukunyuka kwama-strawberries kuthathwa njengento elula xa kuthelekiswa nokuvuna ama-blueberries, i-blueberries kunye namanye amajikijolo. Ngokukhawuleza ukuvuthwa, kunika inani elikhulu lezityalo ezinkulu kwaye akufuneki ukutyiliswa kwansuku zonke. Ifuna kuphela ukutyala okufanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekelwa kweentlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kweziqhamo.

Ukutyala ama-strawberries

Ukutyala kwamajikijolo kwenziwa ngeentlobo ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Ngaphambi kokungcwaba iingcambu kwindawo evulekileyo, izityalo zithe tye: hlala kwindawo epholileyo ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-5-10. Emva koko, eminye imithetho yokutyala i-strawberries entwasahlobo izalisekile:

1. Ngoko ukuba izityalo zingabonakali kwaye zibe lula ukwenza iingcambu, iingcambu zeengcambu zifakwe kwi-chatterbox kwibhokisi yokudibanisa kwidongwe kunye ne-mullein ukumnika ngaphambi kokugxilwa.
2. Kuba i-strawberries khetha icebo lomyezo, elingazaliswa ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lubonisa ukuba izinga labo lingaphantsi kwe-1 m.
3. Ibhedi ihlanjululwa ngamavili amakhulu omhlaba kunye nokhula.
4. Ukuze izityalo zikhule ngokukhawuleza, uluhlu lomhlaba ngaphezu kwendawo yokukhula (inxalenye ephezulu yeengcambu) akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-2 cm.
5. Xa ihlathi lifakwe emhadini, lifafazwe ngumhlaba, lihluthe kancane kwaye lizalise kwakhona amanzi ukuze lingabi kuhlamba umhlaba phantsi kweengcambu.

Ungayilungisa njani umhlaba ukutshala ama-strawberries?

Ngenxa yokuba iintlobo ze-strawberries zijongene nomgangatho womhlaba, kufuneka zihlawule ngokukhethekileyo phambi kokutshala. Eyona ndlela ihamba phambili yeerriji yilezi zilimo, i-dill okanye i-basil, eyona nto ibona bonke abameli beSolanaceae. Ukunyuka kwama-strawberries kwindawo evulekile kuya kukhawuleza kwaye kuvelise ukuba umhlaba ulungiselelwe ukuqwalasela iziphakamiso zabalimi abanamava:

1. Umhlaba omhlaba kufuneka udibaniswe ne-loam okanye i-sandy loam kwi-1: 1.
2. Kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambi kokutyala, umhlaba unqabile kwaye unqandekile kwizifo zefungal. Iilitha ezili-10 zamanzi, i-500 g ye-lime kunye ne-50 g ye-sulfate yethusi. Ukutshiza i-square meter 1 isebenzise 1 ilitha yomxube.
3. Iibhedi zihlanganiswe ngomxube wezochumiso eziphilayo. I-10 cm ephezulu yomhlaba kufuneka ibe nomxube we-turf, isanti emhlophe, i-peat kunye ne-humus ngokulinganayo.

Ukutyala ama-strawberries ekwindla

Ngeli xesha lonyaka, iintlobo zityalo zihlonyelwe ngezizathu ezibini: mhlawumbi ukwenzela ukukhawulezisa ukuvelisa kunye nokuchumisa okhethekileyo kunye nokuvuna kwi-greenhouse ebusika, okanye ukuqokelela intlahlela yokuqala ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukutshala okufanelekileyo kwe-strawberries ekwindla kuncedisa ekutheni ulungelelaniso olulungileyo kunye nobushushu ngaphandle kwemonakalo. Kukho amaxesha amathathu okutyala okunokwenzeka ekwindla kule berry:

1. Ukutyala kokuqala kwekwindla - ukususela ngeveki yesithathu ka-Agasti ukuya phakathi kukaSeptemba.
2. Ukufika kwe-autumn-ekwindla - ukususela ngoSeptemba 15 ukuya ku-Oktobha 15.
3. Ukutshala ixesha elide - iintlanzi ezifihlwe phantsi komhlaba ngenyanga ngaphambi kweqabunga lokuqala.

Ukutyala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo

Kwiindawo zentwasahlobo zentwasahlobo zitsalwa kwindawo evulekileyo xa kubanda. Umhla othe ngqo wokutyala uyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kummandla. Ukuze ufunde indlela yokutshala kakuhle i-strawberries entwasahlobo, kufuneka uqale ngokungcwaba ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lomhlaba kwaye ucaceze nge-humus okanye umquba. Imigaqo efanelekileyo yokutyala kwentwasahlobo yile:

1. Kwiimimandla esezantsi-kusuka ngomhla we-1 ukuya kwe-15 Matshi.
2. Kwiindawo ezikumantla kunye ne-ice melting late-from 1 to 15 Meyi.
3. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi - ukususela ngomhla we-10 ukuya ku-30 ​​ku-Epreli.

Iindlela zokutshala ama-strawberries

Ekubeni izityalo zeberry azihambelani nabamelwane abasemasimini, abanako ukutyalelwa. Imithetho yokutyala i-strawberries ayinqatshelwe ukubeka iintlobo zee-tomates, i-parsley, ii-eggplants, i-gooseberries kunye ne-currants emnyama. Izithombo zifakwe kwi-perimeter ehlukile ngenye yezi zilandelayo:

1. Ukuhamba komhlaba. Izihlahla zihamba kunye, kwaye xa amaqabunga avela aqala ukufana nekhaphethi eqhubekayo yeziqu. Ukunciphisa lolu hlobo lokutyala kuyisityalo esincinci ngenxa yezimpande ezingqameneyo.
2. Ukuhamba ngomqolo. Iimitha ezide zomthi, apho ungakwazi khona ukulula amanzi okanye ukuqokelela iziqhamo.
3. Ukunyuka kwama-strawberries ngokwahlukileyo ukuma izihlahla. Ukusasaza iintlobo zityalwe ziqwalasele ukuhlukana kweenkqubo zeengcambu kunye nokuxubusha.
4. Ukutyala izilwanyana. Isiko somyezo sisinye isityalo, malunga naso, sityalo 6 ngaphezulu.

Umgama phakathi kwee-strawberries xa utyalo

Eyona ndlela ilula kakhulu kwaye isetyenzisiwe yinkqubo yokutshala ama-strawberries kwimigca. Ukuyilandela, ukuhamba kwekhefu umgca wobubanzi obungama-40 cm, kwaye umgama phakathi kwama-strawberries xa uhlwayelwa ukuhlamba i-15-20 cm.

• Umgama wama-45-60 cm phakathi kwamahlathi ngamnye;
• Umgama wama-35-40 cm xa udidi lweendawo ezinamanzi;
• 5-10 cm - ukwenzela ukutshala i-carpet.

Iimpawu zokutshiza ama-strawberries

Ierberberries ngenye yeebhanki ezininzi ze-photophilic. Akayinyamezeli i-penumbra, ngoko-ke iinduli ezide zikhula ngasemva kwayo, zinqunywe ngexesha kwihlobo lehlobo, nje ukuba zingalutshisi ukukhula. Iindlela zokukhupha i-strawberries zifuna ukunyamekelwa kwamanzi. Phakathi kwazo:

1. Indlela efanelekileyo. Intshontsho yeentlobo ze-ampel zixhomekeke kwi-pot okanye kwibhokisi, okanye i-curl phezu kwegridi okanye iipayipi.
2. I-Horizontal. Izintlobo ezikhulayo okanye ezikrelekrele zisasaza emhlabathini okanye zithande ingcambu kwiingxowa, iibhubhu okanye imivalo.

Ukukhuphula ama-strawberries unyaka wonke

Ukuba emashumi embalwa edlulileyo amajikijolo akhuliswa kuphela kwixesha elifudumeleyo, ngoku namhlanje isivuno esivela ehlathini sithatha ubuncinci ngo-Matshi, nangona ngoDisemba. Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezenza ukutshalwa kwe-strawberries okwenziweyo ngonyaka kunye nokuvelisa:

1. Indawo yokuhlala . Izintlobo zokukhula eziphantsi zingakhula phantsi kwefilimu eninzi kwiindawo ezisemzantsi kunye nokugcina ubusika.
2. Window sill. Izitsholo ezitsheni ezaneleyo kwifestile ziyakwazi ukuvelisa izityalo ezi-2 xa zithengisa amadevu kunye nokuvuna ngexesha.
3. Ukutshisa i-greenhouse. Kwimihlaba ebanda, kunokwenzeka ukudala umswakama oyifunayo kunye nobushushu bomoya.

Ukunyuka ama-strawberries - ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezihlahla ezihlanjulweyo azenziwanga nonke - zixutywa ngabo batyalwe ngonyaka odlulileyo okanye ngaphambili. Iimeko zokukhuphula i-strawberries, ukuba abanokusuleleka ukubola okanye abahluphekanga kwiintlanzi, zenzelwe ukuphindwa kathathu emva kokutshala, emva kokutyala, ngexesha lokuphakama kwe-ovaries kwaye emva kokuvuna kugqityiwe. Ngamanye amaxesha ukukhusela, inkqubo yokutya iphindwaphindwa ukulungiselela ubusika. Izichumisi ezifanelekileyo zi:

• i-ammonium sulfate;
• ukudonsa inkukhu;
• umxube we-iodine ne-boric acid;
• mullein;
• iibisiki ze-rye ezixutywe ngamanzi.

Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries

Emva kokutyala isityalo kufuneka kudityaniswe rhoqo kwibhedi, ukuthambisa, unyango oluchasene nezilwanyana kunye nokutya kunye nezinto eziphilayo kunye nama-microelements. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo, izimbali ziyaqala kwisiqingatha sesibini seMeyi okanye ekuqaleni kukaJune. Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo i-strawberries ukwenzela ukufumana isivuno esifanelekileyo kufuneka kusekelwe kwimigaqo emininzi:

• ukugcinwa kwexesha lokunkcenkceshela kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokulima;
• ukukhusela imibhede ukukhusela ekupholiseni, ukushisa okanye imimoya embi;
• Ukuhlolisiswa rhoqo kwinqaba ukuba kususe amajikijolo avuthiweyo kunye namaqabunga awele.

Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries emva kokutyala

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokugxilwa kwekolsi yengcambu ibe ngumhlaba, iindwangu zembewu zixutywa. Abagadi bezolimo bathetha ukuba kaninzi kangakanani ukuthambisa ama-strawberries emva kokutsalwa bacebise ukuba bakwenze oko kusasa kangangexesha eli-1 kwiiveki ezi-2-3. Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukucwilisa umhlaba - umquba womhlaba onobuncedo kwizityalo zasegadi. Le ndlela ye-agrotechnics inceda ukucebisa umhlaba ngamavithamini, ukuvimbela ukungena kweentlobo kwiingcambu nokugcina umswakama kwiindawo eziphezulu zomhlaba. Ukuqhuba ukuguqula ngeendlela:

1. Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo. Ziyakwazi ukwenza i-sawdust, humus, intlanzi, ikhadibhodi echotshoziweyo, ifilimu, amaphephandaba, amagxolo okanye iinaliti.
2. Ukubeka iibhedi. Amasango phakathi kweentlobo zifihliwe phantsi kolawulo oluthembekileyo lwe-mulch, ukuzama ukungalonakalisi isityalo, ukuze kungaphazamisi ukulima kwama-strawberries.
3. Ukunyamekela i-mulch. Ukunisela umgca wokukhusela awukhuthazwa, kodwa unokongezwa kwisityalo ukuba izityalo zingenawo umoya.

Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries ngethuba lokuqhakaza

Emva kokubonakala kwemibala, icebo lokuthambisa liyatshintsha. Ukuthulula amanzi ukusuka phezulu kuya kusekho khuselekile: ukuba i-liquid itshaya i-ovary, inokukhupha ukubonakala kwesikhumba se powdery okanye ukubola kwegrey . Phakathi kweminye imithetho ehlinzekela ukunakekelwa kwama-strawberries entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ungabiza oku kulandelayo:

1. Ixesha lokunkcenkceshela liintsuku ezi-7-12. Umlinganiselo omnye wemitha yokuthutha ichithe ubuncinane i-20 litres zamanzi. Iqondo lokushisa layo kufuneka libe ngama-18-20 ° C.
2. Indawo yokukhusela kwimozulu embi. Iziphambano kunye nomoya kungalimaza amaqabunga amancinci, ngoko isivuno ngexesha lemvula kunye nephepho likhupha ifilimu eninzi ye-polyethylene.
3. Ukuthobisa umgca. Ehlabathini kunye neibhedi zamajikijolo, iziqu eziqinileyo ezibonakalayo zivakalayo, eziphazamisa ukufikelela kwe-oksijini kwizimpande. Zifakwa ngamanzi ukusuka kwisibhamu sokutshiza kwaye zanyuka.

I-strawberry - ukulungiswa ngexesha lokulima

Xa i-ovary ibonakala kwisityalo, ukunyamekela kufuneka kuguqulwe ngokubanzi ukuze ukhusele i-toxins ekungeneni amajikijolo avuthiweyo. Akuyimfuneko ukulahla ikhadinini ukusuka ekugqokeni okuphezulu, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukhethe izinto ezingenakubungozi kulezi njongo. Ukunyamekela ama-strawberries engadini ngexesha lokwakheka kweziqhamo lulandelayo:

1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-nettle decoction kanye emva kweveki ezimbini. Ku luncedo ekunyuseni ubuninzi bezityalo kunye nokwandisa i-juiciness. I-20 g yamagqabha anesibhakabhaka esomileyo afakwa 1 litre yamanzi abilayo, uze ungeze elinye iilitha ezili-10 zamanzi afudumele kwaye usetyenzise ukubunkcenkceshela.
2. Umanyolo womthi womthi. Iqule yonke imida efunekayo ekukhuleni i-strawberries. Uthulo lubekwa ngaphandle kwehlathi emva kokubonakala kwamagqabi okuqala.
3. Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kwamajikijolo athatywayo. Ukuba kwi-ovary, equlethwe iziqhamo ezininzi, ubuncinci omnye wabo utshaywe, kuhlanjululwa ngenyameko ukukhusela abanye kumonakalo.

I-Strawberries Ekhulayo - Izifo

Le nkcubeko ixhomekeke kwizifo ezifanayo ezichaphazela ama-blueberries, ama-raspberries kunye nezinye iibroji. Usulelo lwaloo naluphi lwawo lunokumiselwa yimpawu zangaphandle: utshintsho kumbala weqabunga, ukuma kwawo, ukunciphisa isivuno okanye ukuchithwa kweziqhamo. Kwinkqubo yokunyamekela iibhedi unokuhlangabezana nezifo zentlobo ze-strawberries:

1. Spider mite. Inambuzane encinci igubungela amaqabunga ngamacweb, okubangela ukuba ikhule kwaye iphendule. I-mite inokutshatyalaliswa ngokutshiza ngesisombululo se-carbophos emva kokuvuna.
2. Strawberry mite. Okuyingozi kakhulu, kuba inonakalisa iingcambu kunye nama-petioles amaqabunga. I-parasite ibeka amaqanda kumahlumela xa iqala nje ukwenza. Ekuhlaleni i-strawberry isifo sithintela kakhulu: amaqabunga ayahluma, kunye namajikijolo abe ncinane. Kuya kuthintela ukubonakala kwonyango nge-colloidal sulfur ngaphambi kokutyala.
3. Nematode. Iifomo ezine Ubude obungaphezulu kwe-1 cm zinika isiko isityalo esibuhlungu kwaye sichaphazele ubude bezinto ezinqunqwayo, kodwa zihlala emhlabeni, kunokuba zitshathwe kwisityalo. Inkathazo ivelisa ngokukhawuleza ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwekholoni yezibungu. Imiphumo yokukhusela iya kuba neengqayi ezincinci kunye ne-lime, eziphakathi kweentsika.
4. I-Fusarium kunye nexesha elidlulileyo. Impawu eziphambili zesifo zi-necrosis kunye nomda weqabunga, ukubola kwehlumela kunye nokufa kwabo okulandelayo. Ukukhula i-strawberries iphukile: i-axial cylinder yesityalo idibanisa kwaye iqala ukulahla emva kwentuthuko, izimpande zayo ezidakazayo ziyafa. Isi sifo asibonakali ukuba amahlathi ahlonyelwa rhoqo kwiminyaka eyi-3-4.